Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 463 Ultra Precision Polishing

Won doesn't know how much change his words can bring to the whole world, but he has been doing this kind of thing that allows countries to focus on technological development by revealing some related technologies.

Through the knowledge passed to him by the system, he knows a lot of things.

In the vast universe, the number of intelligent creatures and civilizations is actually not small.

It's just that the vast majority of civilizations can't get out of the parent galaxy, and not many civilizations even get out of the parent star.

The main reason is that when a civilization develops close to leaving its home planet, various problems often occur and self-destruct.

For a civilization that is about to leave its home planet but has just begun, various problems such as civil wars, capital control, monarchy, disease, climate change, environmental pollution, resource consumption, and asteroid impacts may cause her to completely collapse. extinct.

And human civilization happens to be at this stage.

For now, human civilization is still unable to leave the earth, cannot leave the solar system, and cannot establish bases, colonize, etc. on other planets.

This means that nearly ten billion people are all nested on the earth.

In particular, human civilization has spawned hundreds of countries and regions, which is quite dangerous.

If nuclear weapons had not appeared, the Korean won would not have such worries.

Although large-scale world wars were more likely to break out before the emergence of weapons of this magnitude, there were almost no wars that would destroy the world and human civilization.

However, after the emergence of nuclear weapons, large-scale wars have almost ceased to exist, and the probability of destroying human civilization and the current world has greatly increased.

Especially before his appearance, human technology has almost stagnated, and cutting-edge technology has not broken through for a long time.

In the absence of breakthroughs and progress in this kind of technology, countries will naturally focus on how to compete for resources and interests.

Once a large-scale war breaks out, with the equivalent of nuclear weapons held by various countries, it is impossible to destroy the earth, but it is easy to destroy human beings themselves.

After all, in the current world, things like rights are still in the hands of a small number of people.

To solve this problem, it is easiest to promote the development of technology and give human civilization another goal.

When technology starts to develop again, when a civilization walks out of its parent star and galaxy, can colonize other planets, exploit mineral resources on other planets, and begin to conquer other civilizations, the probability of self-destruction will be much lower.

Shaking his head, Han Yuan recovered from his distraction.

After more than two hours, the inverted beryllium-iridium alloy parts in the mold have completely cooled down.

Putting on gloves and disassembling the mold, Han Yuan took out the hexagonal beryllium-iridium alloy parts inside.

It should be noted that beryllium iridium alloy is toxic, and it is highly toxic.

During processing, care is required to prevent inhalation of beryllium-iridium alloy powder.

After cooling, the volume of the parts did not change much, and the overall appearance was a faint gray-silver color. The thickness was about the same as the palm of an adult man, less than two centimeters, and the diameter was only about thirty centimeters. The shape showed a slight indentation.

Just like the pentagon or hexagon on the surface of a football is disassembled separately.

After a preliminary inspection of the beryllium-iridium alloy, and after confirming that there were no holes or gaps in the alloy plate, Han Yuan took the alloy material to the top floor of the physics laboratory.

There is a set of CNC processing equipment and some small industrial equipment on the top floor, which can be used for preliminary grinding of beryllium-iridium alloy parts.

After checking the equipment, Han Yuan fixed the beryllium-iridium alloy in his hand on the CNC processing equipment and started the machine.

A low-frequency buzz sounded in the room, and the high-speed rotating cutter quickly threw off the oxide layer on the surface of the beryllium-iridium alloy fixed on the claw plate under the command of the numerical control program, exposing the smooth alloy layer inside.

After several rounds of polishing tool switching, the beryllium-iridium alloy fixed on the claw plate has become smooth enough to be used as a mirror.

It can even be said to be clearer than the human figure mapped by ordinary glass mirrors.

Through precise equipment, Won measured the surface roughness of the polished surface as low as 120 nanometers. If converted into the number of polished meshes, it is [-] million meshes.

This number is already the limit of his CNC equipment processing, but it is not enough for the mirror surface of the space telescope.

His requirement is to reduce the surface roughness of the mirror surface to five nanometers, and the polishing mesh to reach 360 million mesh.

Perhaps ordinary people have no idea about this data, but a simple conversion will tell.

If the surface roughness reaches ten nanometers, the area of ​​this hexagonal beryllium-iridium alloy mirror is the size of the entire Huaguo, and its overall fluctuation will not exceed five centimeters.

Five centimeters, not as long as an ordinary person's middle finger.

It can be seen how difficult it is to make the surface of an area of ​​960 million square kilometers fluctuate within five centimeters.

It is impossible to process it to this level in an ordinary physics laboratory, even with numerical control equipment.The follow-up needs to be transferred to an ultra-clean and dust-free studio, using specialized ultra-precision polishing equipment.

Of course, this is for him.

If it is placed in the real world, the polishing process below [-] nanometers actually needs to be done manually.

In terms of ultra-precision polishing, with human technology, machines cannot process it to a surface roughness of five nanometers, and at most it can achieve a precision machining of about [-] nanometers.

For example, the mirror surface processing of the Webb telescope needs to be mechanically ground first to make it close to its final shape, and the polishing degree is close to [-] nanometers.

After this step, the mirror surface is carefully smoothed and polished by hand, and the smoothing and polishing process is repeated until each lens is almost perfect, reaching a surface roughness of ten nanometers.

This is one of the reasons why the Webb telescope has been pigeon-to-dove.

Because at the beginning, NASA could not find a machine that could achieve this degree of polishing, and then it was completed after manual attempts.

However, even if the smoothness of mechanical polishing is not as good as that of manual polishing, in modern industry, especially in modern electronic industry, mechanical ultra-precision polishing is still the "soul" of processing.

Not only does it 'flatten' 'smooth' different materials, but it also requires planarizing multiple layers of material.

For example, the manufacture of chips uses monocrystalline silicon materials.

Taking the manufacture of wafers as an example, polishing is the last step of the whole process. The purpose is to improve the tiny defects left by the previous process of wafer processing to obtain the best parallelism.

Ultra-precise polishing is required to make silicon wafers of a few millimeters square through this 'global planarization' to form VLSIs consisting of tens of thousands to millions of transistors.

With the development of chips, the current ultra-precision polishing technology can reach about [-] nanometers.

This level is enough for the manufacture of chips, but it is far from enough for the Webb telescope.

The mirror roughness of the Webb telescope is as low as ten nanometers, so manual polishing is required later.

Of course, for Won, polishing at the ten-nanometer level does not require him to do it manually.

He has intermediate-level industrial equipment application knowledge information in his mind, and there are corresponding industrial polishing equipment in it that can achieve this level of polishing or even lower.

After initially finishing the processing of the beryllium-iridium alloy mirror surface by numerical control equipment, after Han Yuan took it off the claw plate, a handsome human face was immediately reflected on the smooth surface.

The audience in the live broadcast room were very interested in his continued processing of the already smooth alloy mirror, and they kept discussing on the barrage.

[This smoothness is even better than my mirror. 】

[The metal is processed to the extreme, and it can be used as a mirror. The bronze mirrors in history have never deceived me! 】

[Seeing such a shiny mirror surface, I want to leave a big oily handprint on it. 】

[Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder will be killed. 】

[Lou Suang, are you Sophon, who specifically interferes with the development of science? 】

[I was thinking, if there is dust on this kind of mirror, how should I wipe it off?Do you use cloth?Still use toilet paper. 】

[Have a "huh" at the mirror, then wipe it with your sleeve, because rubbing with your hands will leave fingerprints. 】

[Seriously, how do you clean a metal mirror of this level? 】

[Find a licking dog and keep licking it, and it will be clean. After all, licking a dog, licking a dog, until the end, there is nothing left. 】

[Hahahahaha, you're going to laugh at me upstairs. 】

Looking at the barrage, Han Yuan almost couldn't laugh out loud, he really licked to the end, he had nothing left, right?
Shaking his head, Han Yuan said, "For this ultra-smooth metal mirror, all the processing and manufacturing are basically carried out in a dust-free studio."

"This can ensure that there is no dust on the final mirror surface."

"If you really accidentally drop a little dust, the way to clean it is actually simpler than you can imagine."

Hearing this, question marks and various barrages suddenly appeared in the live broadcast room.

Han Yuan smiled, and continued: "For this kind of ultra-smooth metal mirror, if you want to clean the dust that accidentally fell on it, the way to clean it is to use a 'brush'."

[? ? ? ?Take a brush? 】

[What the hell is this, can it be wiped clean? 】

[What about brushing leather shoes?Anchor? 】

[It's better to wipe it with a cloth]

[Shouldn’t this high-precision mirror use a high-tech method to clean the dust on the surface?For example, what static ion wind blows or something. 】

[Brush brush, it's really unpretentious. 】

[Sure enough, the most top-level technology and the most sophisticated equipment are often cleaned using the simplest method. 】

Hearing that Han Yuan said to use a brush to clean the dust on the mirror, there was a lot of complaints in the live broadcast room.

Han Yuan smiled and said, "This brush is not as simple as you think."

"First of all, the brush itself is made of a rather special material, it needs a certain hardness, and it also needs to ensure that it will not damage the mirror surface when it slides."

"Secondly, the brush itself needs to be ultra-clean. The cleanliness is even cleaner than if you took a thousand baths. It should not have a little dust on itself, and it must not have any problems such as hair loss or dregs."

"Finally, when using this brush to brush the mirror surface, you need to know what strength, angle, and technique to use to ensure that the mirror surface will not be damaged."

After a pause, Han Yuan added after thinking for a while:
"If you know how to do this, you won't have a problem with a monthly income of [-], or even a million."

The simple words made the live broadcast room exclaim.

[Monthly income of one million!Annual income of tens of millions! 】

[Fuck, can you make a hundred thousand a month by brushing the mirror?Where can I find such a job?I want to go too! 】

[You fuck up, people are worried that you will damage the mirror when you go up. 】

[For this job, the lowest starting education is probably a doctoral degree with 985. 】

[Low, low, as far as I know, the cleaners of the Webb telescope are all professors from world-class universities. 】

【Wei Bo cost more than 100 billion meters of gold, and it seems normal to have a dedicated lens brusher with a salary of [-] a month. 】

[Terrible, terrible, my fucking income can't even compare to that of a cleaner. 】

Looking at the barrage, Han Yuan shook his head, then changed into protective clothing, and entered the clean room of the physics laboratory building with the beryllium-iridium alloy that had initially been mechanically polished.

Almost all the rooms in each building of the physical and chemical laboratory building are designed and manufactured according to the [-]-class dust-free studio, and the cleanliness is quite high.

However, a class [-] dust-free studio is far from enough for the manufacture of some top-level equipment.

Therefore, there is an independent ultra-clean clean room on the top floor of the laboratory, which is specially used to deal with this special situation.

Although the area is not large, it is sufficient for small experiments.

In the ultra-clean and dust-free room, Han Yuan fixed the beryllium-iridium alloy brought over on a machine tool, adjusted the parameters of the polishing machine, and introduced the polishing liquid.

For each country, the ten-nanometer smoothness that needs to be manually polished is not difficult for him.

There are a lot of mechanical equipment in the mid-level industrial equipment that can achieve ten-nanometer level polishing, and there are such equipment in the physical and chemical laboratory building.

For a polishing machine, its core device is the "grinding disc".

Ultra-precision polishing can be said to be extremely demanding on the material composition and technical requirements of the grinding disc in the polishing machine.

This kind of harshness can be compared with the top nano-lithography machine.

Because it must not only meet the nano-level precision of automated operations, but also have an accurate thermal expansion coefficient.

The thermal expansion coefficient is the main reason that affects the precision of the polishing machine.

Because when the polishing machine is running at high speed, the friction of high-speed operation will generate a lot of heat. Once the heat acts on the grinding disc, the material for making the grinding disc will expand.

If thermal expansion causes thermal deformation of the grinding disc, the flatness and parallelism of the substrate cannot be guaranteed.

And this kind of thermal deformation error that cannot be allowed to occur is not a few millimeters or a few microns, but a few nanometers.

Before him, this was the main reason why countries could not manufacture low-nanometer polishing machines.

What materials and techniques are used to synthesize such a grinding disc with low thermal expansion rate, high wear resistance and ultra-precision grinding surface is the key.

Although before this, the top ultra-precision polishing technology can only achieve thirty nanometers.

But this kind of technology, before he made a nano-scale lithography machine, has always been controlled by three countries: the small island country, the United States, and the Germanic country.

Based on this, they control the core technology of ultra-precision polishing technology, and also firmly grasp the initiative in the global market.

In fact, mastering this technology also controls the development of the electronics manufacturing industry to a large extent.

For example, the grinding discs of Kojima's domestic polishing machines are all customized and never mass-produced, which directly limits imitation in other countries.

And the polishing equipment in the United States is sold to Huaguo, the price is basically more than 1000 million yuan in rice gold, and the products sold are all products that I have no longer used, and the precision is more than [-] nanometers.

Huaguo's chip cannot be self-made, and one of the reasons is that it has not mastered ultra-precision polishing technology.

However, this problem has already been solved with his live broadcast.

(End of this chapter)