I, compose the 5000 years of China

Chapter 274 Another peak of military generals, Yan Ran Leshi... (subscription required)
"Mr. Chen Fan, the contention of schools of thought you mentioned just now really excited me. I didn't expect so many ideas to emerge in an era of feudal hegemony like the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. But, I have a question, Why do we not see these ideas in later generations? Is it because these ideas have not been handed down, or are there other reasons?"

at this time.

A student excitedly asked Chen Fan a question.

Regarding this question, Chen Fan nodded and said, "This question is very good."

Of course, Chen Fan will be explained without mentioning it.

Chen Fan said: "In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period, although the thoughts of a hundred schools of thought made some contributions to the ruling class, but after the Qin Dynasty unified the world, it was a bit out of date. The rulers of the Qin Dynasty felt that there were too many thoughts from various schools of thought in the country It was too complicated, and some things were difficult to unify. However, there was no way to win the government at that time.

In 213 B.C., Yingzheng held a banquet in Xianyang Palace. Everyone talked freely about the wine, which accidentally caused a debate about whether to learn from the past or learn from the present.Naturally, Shigu's faction is not favored by Yingzheng.Prime Minister Li Si said that Confucian scholars do not learn from the present but learn from the past.For the unification of the world, but also to maintain their own authority.Li Si proposed to Ying Zheng to burn all the books that were not in harmony.Later, because alchemists and Confucian scholars slandered Yingzheng, Yingzheng killed these Confucian scholars. This is the incident of burning books and burying Confucianism in the Qin Dynasty. "

"During this incident, many academic ideas suffered great damage, and many elites were killed. However, this kind of burning books and burying Confucianism did not make the Qin Dynasty truly stronger. On the contrary, because the Qin Dynasty had just Unification, but in fact the interior is not stable. A series of people cannot accept such a unified idea at once. In the end, a series of peasant uprisings broke out, and the Han Dynasty overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty.”

"But it's not over yet. When the time came to the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty preferred the Taoist idea of ​​governance by doing nothing. So during this period of time, the entire academic field has developed to a certain extent. However, when it came to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After passing through Gaozu, Emperor Hui, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Jing...the strength of the whole country has been greatly improved. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han wanted to change the original strategy of defending the Huns and turn to attack. In this way, a large A unified country. This great unification is not only the great unification of the country and land, but also the great unification of speech and ideology. Unfortunately, due to the influence of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were still various schools of thought inherited during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There are even quite a few supporters.”

"In order to maintain his own unity, and to ensure that his words and deeds can be fully implemented, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to promote Confucianism. Moreover, he also hoped to recruit everyone who understands Confucianism. Emperor Wu of the Han decided to preside over the exam himself. Among them, there was an examinee named Dong Zhongshu, who answered the examination questions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty very well. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy, so he reused Dong Zhongshu. The suggestion of "respecting Confucianism" means to abolish other ideas and only study Confucianism. This suggestion was supported by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the end, until now, there are very few schools of thought handed down from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. .”

After Chen Fan finished speaking, he sighed.

Following Chen Fan's sigh, everyone saw such a vast background era.

The first is the contention of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

There is also the burning of books and burying Confucianism in the Qin Dynasty.

Then there was the eradication of Confucianism during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Under such a premise, people only feel that their hearts are turbulent again.

Our history is not just about the length of time.

Our history is more reflected in the thickness of thought and culture.

Chen Fan went on to say: "After more than 2000 years, we came to modern times. Our modern age is an era of great unification, but our era is different from that of more than 2000 years ago. More than 2000 years ago, for his own rule, Emperor Wu of the Han had to depose a hundred schools of thought. Confucianism is the only respect. But after more than 2000 years, our main contradiction is completely different from before. People have lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the main contradiction has become the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Therefore, At this time, we can no longer learn from the dismissal of a hundred schools of thought during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. We should learn from the contention of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Through the exchange and development of various ideas and academics, improve the living standards of the people..."

a lesson.

It hasn't entered the theme yet, but it has reached a climax.

"My god, Brother Fan is cheating today."

"I don't think even CCTV can stand up to the forum of hundreds of schools this time."

"The name is well obtained, and the content is even more direct to the sky. It is too compelling and too vast."

"There is also the summary of the main contradiction. I crossed it, and it feels so awesome."

Everyone has been shocked to Sparta by Chen Fan's lecture.

Especially those scholars.

They are even less aware of the value of what Chen Fan said.

They understand.

Such a class, even if it is about history, will have a huge impact on the whole of China in the future.

……

"This is the origin of our Baijia Forum."

After talking about the origin of the Baijia Forum, Chen Fan officially entered the topic:
"Just now I briefly talked about the origin of the forum of hundreds of schools, then let's get back to the topic, and then we will explain the big Han. Students who have followed my program before should know that the Western Han Dynasty has been finished. So, at this time we will talk about the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, the Eastern Han Dynasty At that time, I also talked a little bit, when Liu Xiu, the son of the plane, cast a forbidden spell, there was a shower of meteors and fire, flying stars from the sky, and a group of meteorites appeared..."

Ok.

Although it is a forum of hundreds of schools.

Everyone was shocked by the background Chen Fan said before, and they dared not even breathe.

Unexpectedly, Chen Fan made a joke with them all of a sudden.

All of a sudden, there was a burst of puffing... Laughter came from the whole show.

"Hahaha, Teacher Chen Fan is so funny."

"Brother Fan has always been a tease."

"That's right, but our Doubi family can go to the temple and go to the clubhouse..."

"The clubhouse...don't worry, don't blackmail Mr. Chen Fan."

"I'm not black, the clubhouse was what Brother Fan liked the most back then."

"..."

Although the topic of the Hundred Schools Forum is scary.

But it can't be so serious all the time.

After all, this is a program for the public, so Chen Fan still has something to say.

And it looks like it's working pretty well.

Not only good.

On the contrary, Chen Fan's sudden change in style didn't make everyone feel abrupt at all.

Anyway, in everyone's eyes, Chen Fan is such a person.

On the contrary, it made everyone feel more cordial.

As for others?
Then it depends on his good fortune.

After enlivening the atmosphere in the classroom, Chen Fan continued: "This... the name of the son of the plane is a bit inappropriate. We don't know whether Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty came from the plane, but he must be the son of the chosen one. He His luck is really great. Originally, he just rode an ox to participate in the war. It only took him ten years to rule the world. So far, the Eastern Han Dynasty was established. And Liu Xiu not only conquered the world powerfully, but also governed the world quite well. Among him During the period of dominating the world, Guangwu Zhongxing appeared during this period. Then, under the joint governance of his son and grandson, Emperor Han Ming and Emperor Han Zhang, the world was peaceful and the people were prosperous. This stage is also called Mingzhang Until Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, under the governance of many rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national power of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, and people at that time called it the prosperity of Yongyuan.”

"However, as everyone said, there were too many famous officials and generals in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, these emperors were not well-known. Although Emperor Han Ming and Emperor Han Zhang, including Emperor Han He, are also good, but everyone It is estimated that there is not much interest in him. So, today I will tell my classmates about a very legendary historian who is unknown to everyone."

For the historian.

Chen Fan has always liked it very much.

If there were no historians in China, then there would be no inheritance of thousands of years of history from previous lives.

If the Chinese civilization is not inherited, then the word "Zhonghua" will lose its meaning.

even.

If the Chinese civilization had not been inherited, it is estimated that China would not be unified as it is now, and it might be divided like Europe.

"Historian."

"I think it's a big deal."

"Well, Teacher Chen Fan likes historians the most. Moreover, I feel that Teacher Chen Fan is from a family of historians. This historian is definitely not simple."

Cleared his throat.

Chen Fan continued: "This historian is called Ban Gu."

"Maybe everyone is not familiar with Ban Gu, which is normal. Because the age is too long, many historical books and some characters have disappeared in the long river of history. What I want to tell you today is this The famous Ban Gu in history."

"Ban Gu is the son of Ban Biao. He is a famous historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Although he was alive, he admired Mr. Tai Shigong very much, and even more admired the "Historical Records" written by Mr. Tai Shigong. But Tai Shigong was from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The historical records only recorded that it ended in the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Biao inherited Tai Shigong's behest and continued to write "Historical Records Later Biography". and died."

"As Ban Biao's eldest son, Ban Gu was diligent and studious. When he grew up, in order to fulfill his father's behest, Ban Gu continued his father's work and continued to write "The Later Biography". However, after he carefully studied his father's later biography, However, he felt that the content of his father’s biography was not detailed enough, and the layout needed to be improved. If he continued to write it, it might only become a mediocre history book. In order to write a historian’s classic, Ban Gu built on his father Ban Biao’s foundation, Start writing "Han Shu".

Let's talk about the reputation of historians.

Ban Gu is also one of the top three in the thousands of years of Chinese history.

of course.

The historian Ban Gu, his life is not just about writing history.

Chen Fan continued: "It's just that the county magistrate's father, Ban Biao, died suddenly, and the Ban family suddenly declined and became a commoner. Ban Gu had to move back to his hometown. But commoners have no status and are easily persecuted by others. When he was 30 years old, someone accused him of privately compiling national history. This crime is relatively serious, and it is likely to be a capital crime. Because at that time, such books as national history could not be compiled privately. Immediately, Emperor Han Ming imprisoned Ban Gu. Prison."

"At this time, the whole Ban family was very nervous, but at this time, Ban Chao, Ban Gu's younger brother, stood up angrily. He decided to rush to Luoyang, the capital, to avenge his brother Ban Gu. Taking this case seriously, Ban Chao was specially summoned to verify the situation. Ban Chao told Emperor Han Ming all of his father and brother's decades of hard work in compiling history and their intention to promote "Han De". After reading the manuscript, Emperor Ming was amazed by Ban Gu's talent, praised his manuscript as a marvelous work, ordered it to be released immediately, and was summoned to the Royal School of Books in Luoyang, Kyoto, to worship as Lantai Lingshi, in charge and proofread it. Royal Book."

have to say.

Not only was Ban Gu not convicted of repairing history, but he was blessed because of it.

All the students in the audience were engrossed in listening.

They sympathized with historians like Ban Gu very much.

Fortunately, Emperor Han Ming was an enlightened monarch.

"Because Ban Gu's literary talents are very good, and he has been influenced by his father since he was a child, so he has great experience in compiling national history. After Ban Gu was appointed as an official, he soon completed "The Chronicles of the Ancestors". This history book mainly describes Han Guang. The deeds of Emperor Wu. Because Ban Gu’s job was done very well, Emperor Ming promoted Ban Gu’s official position. Later, Ban Gu compiled the history of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as the heroes of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ping Lin, the uprising army...etc. , Ban Gu also began to study the history of the country privately, and was finally recognized by the court, and then continued to compile the "Han Shu".

"After the death of Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhang succeeded to the throne. Emperor Han Zhang was also a promising monarch. He admired Ban Gu's talent and learning. He even cared more about Ban Gu than Emperor Ming did. Therefore, Ban Gu was often sent to the palace by Emperor Han Zhang to accompany the emperor. They read together. And when there were important events in the court, Ban Gu was often asked to participate in the discussion. It took 82 years until 25 AD, and Ban Gu finally completed the long history masterpiece "Hanshu". Unfortunately, although Ban Gu's literary talent is amazing, but After all, he is a historian. In the environment of the Han Dynasty at that time, it was difficult for historians to make great achievements, and it was also difficult to get too much promotion. Therefore, even if the emperor admired Ban Gu, he didn’t know how to promote Ban Gu.”

"Until the death of Emperor Hanzhang, Ban Gu got a chance. At that time, Emperor Hanhe succeeded to the throne, but Hedi was only 10 years old, and the whole power was in the hands of Empress Dowager Dou. Dou Xian, the older brother of Empress Dowager Dou, was appointed again. But This Dou Xian relied on being the queen mother's elder brother, so he was very arrogant and domineering. Later, he assassinated Liu Chang, the son of the king of Qi, and was arrested and imprisoned. But the queen mother let Dou Xianbei conquer the Huns and take the crime meritorious service."

In fact, Dou Xian didn't just kill King Qi's son.

Before this.

Because his younger sister became the queen, Dou Xian got the important task of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty under the frequent recommendation of his younger sister.

For a while, Dou Xian felt a little ecstatic, thinking that he was afraid of no one in the court except the emperor.

even.

Because he was too arrogant, he also forcibly bought Princess Qinshui's manor at a low price.

One time Emperor Zhang drove by here and asked Sonoda, but Dou Xian was at a loss for words and didn't know how to answer.Later, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty learned of the incident and was furious. He summoned Dou Xian to deeply blame him.Dou Xian was very scared.In the end, it was his sister who interceded repeatedly on his behalf, and Emperor Zhang gradually calmed down and ordered him to return the garden to the princess.Although he was not punished this time, Emperor Zhang did not grant him any more power after that.

But after the death of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, Emperor He was too young, and the Dou family came to power again.

It is precisely because of such a good sister that even if he kills someone, even a royal family, he can still take the blame and make meritorious service.

……

Speaking of it.

Chen Fan told everyone about the history of the Huns.

During the period of Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty, Chen Tang killed the Northern Xiongnu Shanyu, while the Southern Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty.

Later, a serious natural disaster occurred in the Southern Huns, and the Southern Huns split again, and were once again divided into North and South Huns.

The Southern Huns still surrendered to the Han Dynasty.

The Northern Huns stayed in Mobei.

Because the Western Han Dynasty was usurped by Wang Mang before, when the Eastern Han Dynasty was first established, the national power was not stable.Therefore, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty at that time, adopted a defensive strategy against the Northern Huns.Until Emperor Han Ming, Emperor Han Zhang, and Emperor Han He began to attack the Northern Huns again.

"At this time, Dou Xian knew that he had committed a great crime. If he did not make great achievements, he would not escape death. Then he led the army to fight against the Huns. At this time, even though he was old, Ban Gu felt that this was an opportunity. Ban Gu then He surrendered to Dou Xian, because Ban Gu was very talented in literature and strategy, so Dou Xian appointed Ban Gu as a counselor in the army."

"Although Dou Xian is not a very good person, he is still very good at leading the army. Of course, this is also due to the substantial increase in national power from the Eastern Han Dynasty to Emperor Ming and Emperor Zhang. And, the Huns have been in these hundreds of years. They have been beaten without much fighting power. Under the leadership of Dou Xian, they fought against the Northern Huns in Jiluo Mountain, defeated the enemy army, and the enemy was scattered. The Northern Huns fled. More than 3000 miles, until Ubud Sunor Lake. In this battle, more than 81 soldiers below the king were killed, and more than a million horses, cattle, sheep, and camels were captured. 20 descendants, more than [-] people before and after Ten thousand people. Dou Xian then climbed Yanran Mountain, carved a stone on Yanran Mountain to record his achievements, to promote Handi, and asked Ban Gu to write it..."

This allusion is called "Yan Ran Le Shi".

Having said that, Chen Fan paused.

he knows.

When he said this, all the students in the audience would definitely exclaim.

Yes.

This scene is all too familiar.

Isn't this the highest achievement of Huo Qubing's military general who "sealed the wolf and lived in Xu" for more than 2000 miles to the north of Huo Qubing in the Western Han Dynasty?

Just over 100 years have passed.

There is no longer a general like Huo Qubing in the Han Dynasty.

However, the strength of the Han Dynasty also achieved what Huo Qubing had done back then.

(End of this chapter)