I, compose the 5000 years of China

Chapter 313 Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching" Appears... (Subscribe)
"Dominate the Central Plains, awesome, Chu people finally did it."

"Well, I feel very inspirational. It took more than 400 years for the Chu people to finally be recognized by the vassal states of the Central Plains."

"Tears filled the frame, King Zhuang of Chu, a blockbuster, mighty."

At this moment, countless fans and students were all excited.

but.

There is no eternal overlord in history, and the same is true for Chu.

Chen Fan said: "After the death of Duke Huan of Qi, the state of Qi lost its hegemony. After the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the state of Chu was able to fight for hegemony. After the death of King Chuzhuang, the state of Chu also lost its hegemony."

Having said this, Chen Fan paused.

Everyone couldn't help but sigh.

"Oh, what a pity."

"That's right, the state of Chu just claimed hegemony, but it lost its hegemony after the death of King Zhuang of Chu."

"There is nothing to regret. Where there is an overlord of all ages, there is an emperor of all ages."

"makes sense."

Although everyone was a little emotional.

But thinking about it for thousands of years, this is nothing more than normal.

It is impossible for any overlord or dynasty to inherit for thousands of years.

The Qin Dynasty thought that it could be passed on forever.

But what's next?
Died for the second time.

"In fact, although Chu has lost its dominance, Chu is still very powerful. However, here, I won't talk about Chu, and I will tell you about a celebrity from Chu."

While speaking, Chen Fan wrote the word Li Er on the blackboard.

"Li Er, courtesy name Dan, was honored as the ancestor of the Li family by the Li family in the Tang Dynasty. He was a native of Ku County in Chu State."

Yes.

What Chen Fan is going to talk about today is Li Er, that is, Lao Tzu.

As for Lao Tzu's birthplace, there is controversy here.

It is said that Lao Tzu is from Chen Guo.

Some also said that Lao Tzu was from Song Dynasty.

The argument Chen Fan adopted was that in the "Historical Records" Lao Tzu was from the state of Chu.

"It is said that when Li Er was born, he had a vision. Because he was born in the Year of the Tiger, he was nicknamed Little Li'er. Because at that time people called cats Li Er, and cats were little tigers. So, later, Li Er It is also called Li Er. Li Er was very smart when he was young. Once, he asked the teacher, what is the sky? The teacher replied that the sky is the one who is clear and clear. Li Er asked again, What is the clear one? The teacher replied, the clear one is space. Li Er asked again, what is above the space... But the teacher had a headache. He had to say that it was not written in the book, and others I didn't say anything, so I don't know."

"Once again, Li Er asked the teacher, who pushed the sun, the moon and the stars, and who made the mountains, rivers and seas? The teacher said, these are all made by God. Li Er asked again, how did God make them? Can this be done? The teacher replied again, saying that God has the ability to change and create things, so he can do it. But Li Er was still puzzled and asked, if this is the case, the power of God, His change, how did he come about? The teacher felt a headache again when he heard it, and said, the teacher did not pass it on, and there is no record in ancient books, so I don’t know.”

"Another time, the teacher said that the ruler is the one who governs the world, while the people are the rulers. Li Er asked, if this is the case, why are there so many foolish rulers and tyrants? The teacher said that the ruler was born Even if the general is outside, the destiny is not unacceptable. But Li Er asked again, if this is the case, why didn’t God create an obedient monarch? This question, the teacher was stupid again, and said, the teacher has not passed on, the ancient book There is no record in the book, so I don't know."

These three questions suddenly made everyone very interested in Li Er.

"Haha, this Li Er, it's fun."

"Three questions directly overwhelmed the teacher."

"Let's not talk about them, even if these few questions are brought up to now, we will faint."

Yes.

As Li Er asked, what is in the sky?
If it is explained by modern science, there is a solar system in the sky.

What about the solar system?
Or you would say the Milky Way.

What about the Milky Way?
Is that the Local Cluster?

What about this galaxy cluster?

You would say universe.

Ok.

What about the universe?
The result is that there is no solution.

The second question is, who created the sun, moon, stars, mountains, rivers, and seas?
This question, I am afraid, is still an unknown question.

Because until now, scientists have not figured out how our earth and our universe were formed.

As for the third question, it is obviously an objection to the divine right of kings.

If the power of the monarchy is really granted by God, then the monarch should be very powerful. How can there be a foolish and tyrant?

God should have created an incomparably awesome monarch.

"I feel like Li Er is a philosopher?"

"Well, Teacher Chen Fan talks about Li Er alone, this guy is definitely not easy."

Everyone continued to listen to Chen Fan's narration.

Chen Fan continued: "Because he was puzzled by too many questions, some of his teachers couldn't answer them. Therefore, Li Er went to Zhou Dynasty to study. Because he felt that Zhou Dynasty was the source of all knowledge in the world. To understand The knowledge of this world, if you want to know the truth of this world, you can only go to Zhoudu."

"After going to the capital of Zhou, Li Er studied a series of books and became the history guard of the Zhou Dynasty, which is equivalent to the current librarian. This position is not very high, but the advantage is that he can read all the books of the Zhou Dynasty. In this way, Li Er read countless books and became a great sage without knowing it.

Once when Li Er went to the state of Lu, the 17-year-old Confucius heard that Li Er was coming, so he asked Li Er as a disciple. After the age of 26, Confucius came to the Zhou Dynasty for sightseeing and visited Li Er again. At the age of 51, Confucius was famous all over the world, but he still went to Li Er's hometown to learn from him.Moreover, Confucius also commented on Li Er to his disciples, saying, Birds, I know they can fly; fish, I know they can swim; beasts, I know they can walk.Those who walk can be scorpions, those who walk can be scorpions, and those who fly can be scorpions.As for the dragon, I don't know, it rides the wind and clouds to the sky.When I saw Lao Tzu today, he looked like a dragon..."

Li Erli is not very good, but it may be difficult for you to tell how good he is.

but.

When Chen Fan mentioned Confucius, everyone had a new understanding of Li Er.

"I'll go, this Li Er is too hanging."

"Confucius respected Li Er as his teacher. I am afraid that there is no one in the hundred schools of thought who is so awesome."

Everyone was amazed.

Actually tell the truth.

Among the hundreds of schools of thought, there are many schools of thought that do not entertain each other.

For example, Confucius' Confucianism, under the circumstances at that time, there were a lot of scholars who had opinions on Confucius.

It can be said.

The founder of Confucianism respects Li Er so much, which is rare among all schools of thought.

side said.

Chen Fan showed a picture on the big screen: "This is a picture of Confucius asking about rites."

"Confucius once asked Li Er about rites. Confucius said that the princes of the world were in chaos because of the collapse of rites and music. If Zhou rites were restored, the world would be stable. After Confucius finished speaking, he thought Li Er would agree with him, because before Confucius In the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Li was also supported. It can be said that Li Er is the one who knows the Zhou Li best. However, this time when Confucius talked about Li again, Lao Tzu shook his head and said. Li is just an outward appearance. The established Zhou rituals have completely collapsed, and it is impossible to re-establish them. Even if they are re-established, it will not be of much use. As for the reason, it is not that the rituals have collapsed, but that the world has lost its way. Virtue. Without Dao, without Virtue, there is no such thing as etiquette.”

Li Er's answer made all the students and fans have a great impulse.

Because for many people, they have learned Confucianism since childhood.

Regarding the restoration of the Zhou rituals mentioned by Confucius, they actually agreed with their original intentions.

As Confucius said.

The reason why the Spring and Autumn and Warring States were so chaotic was because all the vassal states in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States lost their etiquette.

If the ceremony is restored, it is equivalent to restoring the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty.

If everyone was so polite, there wouldn't be the current chaos.

but.

When Li Er turned his words, everyone was shocked.

Rituals are just outward appearances. What we really lose is not etiquette, but Tao and virtue.

The impact this has had on everyone is huge.

"Tao and virtue?"

"Well, brothers, do you think what Li Er said is correct?"

"I do not know."

Many people shook their heads.

But even though he shook his head, there was nothing wrong with Li Er's logic.

Li seems to be really expressive.

What's the use of the restoration ceremony that you force?

The collapse of rites and the destruction of music is not because everyone does not abide by the rites, but because everyone loses the way and virtue.

They have already regarded Zhou Li as nothing, so what's the use of restoring it?

In fact.

Regarding the etiquette mentioned by Confucius, a series of scholars in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods clearly opposed it.

For example, Yanzi.

[Confucius went to Qi State and met Qi Jinggong through Gao Zhaozi.Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius how to govern. Confucius said, the king should be like the king, the ministers should be like the ministers, the father should be like the father, and the son should be like a son.Jing Gong said: Well said!If the ruler is not like the ruler, the ministers are not like the ministers, the father is not like the father, and the son is not like a son, even if there is food, how can I eat it!Another day, Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius about government. Confucius said: "Government lies in saving property."Jinggong was very happy and would grant the Nixi land to Confucius.

Yan Ying said at this time: These Confucianists are eloquent and eloquent, but they cannot be regulated by laws; they are arrogant and self-righteous, so they cannot be used to educate the people; Lobbying and begging for loans cannot be used to govern the country.Since the death of the sages and the decline of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, rituals and music have been incomplete for a long time.Now Confucius dresses up in splendid attire, cumbersomely stipulates the etiquette of superiority and inferiority, and the ceremonies of gestures and gestures. Successive generations cannot exhaust his knowledge, and he cannot learn his rites and music from childhood to old age.The monarch intends to use this method to reform the customs of the Qi State. I am afraid it is not a good way to guide the common people.Since then, although Qi Jinggong received Confucius respectfully, he no longer asked about rituals.Later, when Confucius saw Qi Jinggong again, Qi Jinggong said, I am old and cannot use you anymore.After hearing this, Confucius felt that Qi State was in danger, so he left Qi State. 】

It should be possible to say.

What Yanzi said is the simple version of what Laozi said.

Zhou Rituals are too cumbersome, not only the kings and generals don't want to abide by them, but some common people don't want to abide by them either.Moreover, the rituals of the week have been incomplete for a long time, and to formulate these etiquettes will not only have no effect, but will have a counterproductive effect.

"Mr. Chen Fan, since Li Er does not agree with Confucius' restoration of Zhou rituals, then what should he use to govern the world?"

Some students thought that what Li Er said made sense.

but.

If you just negate Confucius' Zhou rites, but you don't come up with other feasible methods, then this is of no use.

For this.

Chen Fan naturally understood the doubts of some students.

after all.

Confucius' Confucianism has been passed down for thousands of years, and he has been deeply rooted.

If you want to deny Confucius, basically a lot of people have opinions.

of course.

Chen Fan didn't deny Confucius either.

Chen Fan believes that the Confucianism represented by Confucius also has certain principles in governing the country.

otherwise.

It is also impossible for the Han Dynasty to depose a hundred schools of thought and only respect Confucianism.

It's just that there are hundreds of schools of thought, each of which has a different idea.

Especially in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, everyone's thinking was not completely unified, and a series of times when a hundred schools of thought contended.

Not to mention Confucianism, it is impossible for any school to be recognized by everyone.

And really say it.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism may not really be suitable for the governance of various countries.

and so.

Although Confucius was very famous, he did not do well during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

"Don't worry, I'll explain to everyone slowly."

Chen Fan did not answer directly at once, but continued to talk about Lao Tzu: "In 485 BC, Li Er saw that the Zhou Dynasty was declining, and at the same time, he himself began to question Zhou rituals. In addition, because he read With enough books, Li Er had his own ideas about the world and the governance of the world. Immediately, Li Er left the Zhou Dynasty, and he was about to leave his homeland and travel around the world. At that time, Yin Xi, the chief officer guarding Hangu Pass, admired Li Er very much, so he hosted a banquet to invite Li Er. However, he felt that it was a pity to hear that Li Er was going to leave the pass to travel. He had an idea and thought of a person who would keep Li Er Ways. Yin Xi said, sir, you can leave the customs, but after you leave the customs, it may be very difficult for the world to meet you again. Why not write a book at this time to pass on your research and ideas. After hearing this, Li Er said, So he stayed at Hangu Pass for a few days, and after a few days, he gave Yin Xi a 5000-word book, and then Li Er rode away on a green bull."

"Mr. Chen Fan, what is the name of this 5000-word work?"

"It's called the Tao Te Ching."

There are two versions of Tao Te Ching.

One is the Dejing and the other is the Taoism.

After the later Han Dynasty dominated Confucianism, Taoist metaphysics gained the upper hand, so Taoism was placed first.

In the end, what was handed down became the "Tao Te Ching".

Done.

On the big screen, the first paragraph of the Tao Te Ching flashed: "Tao can be said, very Tao, name can be named, very famous..."

(End of this chapter)