walk into unscientific

"?!"

There are more than a dozen experts who came to visit the trial operation of the accelerator today, and many of them Lu Guangda and Guo Dabi are self-propelled on the wall.

But after the ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.

Xu Yun was the first person on the scene to react. There was a sudden thump in his heart, and his blood pressure began to rise slowly.

after all
He is too aware of the lethality of these three words - the copy of 1850 was kicked up by Mai Mai's a few cries.

Swah——

I saw him suddenly turning his head and looking at the side
Li Jue!

At this moment.

The general manager of the base was holding a report in one hand, scratching his head with the other hand, and said to Zhao Zhongyao:
"Comrade Zhongyao, can you come over and take a look? Is there something wrong with this picture?"

"Got wrong?"

Zhao Zhongyao blinked subconsciously, and walked quickly to Li Jue after recovering:

"Director Li, what happened?"

Upon seeing this, Li Jue handed this report to Zhao Zhongyao and explained at the same time:

"Comrade Zhongyao, didn't you draw a line for me before, and said that if you found an image that exceeded this line, you would tell you."

"I just looked through more than 200 reports, and found what you said in this report, but this thing seems to be a bit too much."

"What did you say?"

Li Jue didn't finish his sentence.

Zhao Zhongyao interrupted him abruptly, his eyes widened like copper bells:
"Director, you said you found images beyond that line?"

Say it.

Before Li Jue could answer, Zhao Zhongyao snatched the report from Li Jue's hand and read it in front of him.

Then soon.

Xu Yun noticed that the footer of this report began to make a rustling sound—it wasn't the wind blowing, but Zhao Zhongyao's palm was trembling slightly.

After a while.

Zhao Zhongyao's Adam's apple rolled a few times, he raised his head and said to everyone:
"Comrades Guangda, Ganchang, Hong Yuan, and Zhuxi, please take a look at this report numbered 4396."

Zhao Zhongyao had already printed seven or eight copies of the same document before, and at this time the main experts basically had one copy.

Therefore, after hearing these words, Zhu Hongyuan and others quickly searched for the corresponding documents.

Everyone browsed at different speeds, but the slowest one found the report in less than half a minute.

Seeing this, Xu Yun and Lao Guo moved to Lu Guangda's side, and looked at it curiously.

As a result, the moment the report image was scanned, Xu Yun's pupils shrank fiercely!
I saw that on the image numbered 4396, there is a bulge as tall and towering as the readers when they wake up in the morning.

Its magnitude is even more than three times that of the line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao!
To know.

The line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao is not the collision energy level, but
Resolution of particles!

The resolution here can also be understood as resolution, and the larger the particle, the higher the resolution—that is, the larger the wave crest.

The lower the resolution, the closer it is to so-called point particles.

To be honest, it is not surprising that high-resolution particles are detected in accelerators, but the problem is
Zhao Zhongyao's report to Li Jue analyzed the resolution of final state particles!
And from the point of view of quality, the quality of this particle probably starts at the 3GeV level!

This tmd is so scary
Of course.

Seeing this, some students may be a little strange:
No, isn't the energy level of this accelerator only 80 MeV, why can GeV particles be detected?
This has to mention a misunderstanding that is easy to confuse in terms of accelerators:
The mass of a particle is the same unit as the energy level of a collider, but they are two different things.

The energy level of an accelerator refers to the kinetic energy to which particles can be accelerated, that is, the energy possessed by the particles. It is related to the electric and magnetic fields of the accelerating equipment, and is conceptually different from the mass of the particles.

For example, the mass of a proton is 938MeV, but it can be observed by an accelerator of 2.5MeV, the two units are just the same.

Give another example.

The length of a standard EMU in China is 209 meters, and its speed can reach five meters per second, 50 meters or even 100 meters per second - the latter depends on the power structure and the bearing capacity of the rails.

Although there is some connection between the two, they are still completely different conceptually.

It’s just that generally speaking, the higher the energy level of the particle, the more fragments will be knocked out-this can imagine two cars colliding head-on, the faster the speed, the more parts will definitely pop out.

After particle collisions, many charts can be compiled, including mass spectra of various particles (equivalent to collecting and weighing all the parts), so there are Higgs particles [CERN discovered a bulge in the 125GeV range] Such statements.

But on the other hand.

If you are European enough, after exceeding a certain basic energy level, such as the line of 30MeV, some particles or phenomena that can only be discovered at high energy levels are not impossible to find.

It's just that there are very few such examples, as few as a novel writer who can earn [-] a day.

Because the internal structure of general particles is very strong, it may require the energy level of Gev or even Tev to be smashed—otherwise countries and organizations will not continue to increase the energy level of the accelerator.

And this time, the rabbits obviously got a gift package for newbies.

"."

After half a minute.

Zhu Hongyuan, who gradually came back to his senses, rubbed his eyes in disbelief and said to Zhao Zhongyao:
"Comrade Zhongyao, did we discover a hyperon in the final state?"

The corner of Zhao Zhongyao's mouth curled into a complex smile that could not be seen emotionally, like joy or helplessness:
"should be."

Zhu Hongyuan's heartbeat immediately accelerated.

Well known.

In the first 60 years of the twentieth century, the development of particle physics can be described as advancing by leaps and bounds. Wrong, it was advancing by leaps and bounds.

At first, people realized the existence of electrons, photons, and atomic nuclei. Later, in 1932, they discovered that protons and neutrons were the components that constitute atomic nuclei.

In order to explain why both positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons can form stable nuclei, and why the electromagnetic repulsion between protons does not make the nuclei fall apart, neon physicist Hideki Yukawa proposed the concept of mesons.

This particle was later discovered (1947) in cosmic rays as the pion.

Then 1947.

Two British scientists, Rochester and Butler, discovered strange particles, composite particles called hadron hyperons.

In this era, the number of hadrons discovered by the scientific community exceeds 200, but as far as Zhao Zhongyao knows.
This is the first time that the final particle is a hyperon.

"That. Comrade Zhongyao, Comrade Hong Yuan."

Looking at Zhu Hongyuan who was in shock, Lao Guo couldn't help coughing lightly and asked:

"Is there anything special about this hyperon you are talking about?"

Zhao Zhongyao came back to his senses when he heard the words. He put the report in his hand on the table, exhaled a long breath, and asked Lao Guo:

"You Lai, have you heard of the strange number of strange particles?"

"Singular number?"

Lao Guo stroked his chin and thought for a while, then vaguely remembered something:
"Oh, the quantum number proposed by Gell-Mann seven or eight years ago?"

Zhao Zhongyao nodded:
"Yes."

As mentioned above, Rochester and Butler discovered the first strange particle in human history in 47, which opened the prelude to the strange particle.

Then in 1953.

In order to explain the intrinsic properties of strange particles, Gell-Mann, Toho Nakano, and Kazuhiko Nishijima independently proposed a brand new quantum number, which is the singular number.

Then Zhao Zhongyao paused, looked at Li Jue who was unclear, and continued:
"According to the definition of singular numbers, in strong interaction and electromagnetic interaction, the singular numbers before and after the reaction must be conserved, but in weak interactions they do not need to be conserved."

"Singular particles are produced in the strong interaction. Because the singular number is conserved, at least two strange particles must be produced, with the strange charges of 1 and -1 respectively."

"If these strange particles want to decay to particles with a smaller mass, they can only decay to non-singular particles, otherwise they cannot satisfy the energy conservation, so they can only decay through weak interactions, but"

talking.

Zhao Zhongyao pointed to the previous chart again and said:

"Old Guo, look here again."

Lao Guo and the others stretched their heads for a few glances, and found that what Zhao Zhongyao was pointing at this time was not the previous raised area, but another small wave crest next to the raised area.

Not to mention that this peak is beyond the limit, it is still a long way from the line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao.

Under the contrast of the bulge on the side, it seems that Niuniu's Niuniu is as different as Fanfan's toothpick.

Then Zhao Zhongyao tapped on the small bump and explained;
"Friends, although the amplitude of this wave is not high, its properties are extraordinary."

"I won't explain the specific principle. In short, as long as you know that this image exists on the edge of the hyperon wave crest, it means that the decay process must involve bosons with fractional charges and integer spins."

Lao Guo was taken aback for a moment, and this time he no longer hesitated:
"Bosons? How is that possible?"

Although, as an expert in fluid mechanics, Lao Guo is half a bucket of water in particle physics, he still understands some basic concepts—a half bucket of water is also a little watery.

Not to mention that he has been in contact with Lu Guangda for a long time, and he has been familiar with some concepts of theoretical physics.

According to the knowledge acquired by Lao Guo.

The hyperon is a kind of fermion, and the hyperon in this picture is positively charged—there is no antihyperon in the first quadrant, so where does this boson come from?
In addition, there is no collision spectrum around, which means that this particle can only be produced by decay.

In this way, an answer is ready to come out:
This boson, which is similar to a point particle, comes from the particle before the hyperon decays!
thought here.

Lao Guo couldn't help raising his head, and looked at Zhao Zhongyao in horror:

"Comrade Zhongyao, could it be that there is some boson-commutation structure in the hyperon before decay, which balances the fractional charge?"

Zhao Zhongyao nodded heavily:

"This is the only explanation, and it happens to be logically consistent with the injection pattern we observed, and both can form theoretical support."

When Zhao Zhongyao said this, there was a tremor in Zhao Zhongyao's tone that he didn't notice.

mentioned above.

The mass of these particles is at least above 3GeV, which is twice that of neutrons and protons.

Therefore, it is impossible for this kind of hyperon to "survive" to the capture device after hitting the target. It must have been denatured during the entire process.

But don't forget.

According to the rules of quantum numbers, in order to satisfy energy conservation, strange particles can only decay into non-singular particles.

A non-initial, denatured hyperon involving bosons with fractional charges and integer spins.
There is only one possibility for it to appear:

A hyperon first decays into non-singular particles, and then these non-singular particles recombine into the hyperon again.

And this possibility is exactly the same as Zhu Hongyuan's guess after the injection map discovered by Wang Chengshu.

That is.
There are some unknown, smaller particles inside particles such as hadrons and hyperons!

thought here.

Li Jue on the side suddenly raised his hand:

"Comrade Zhongyao, does this count as meritorious service?"

The corner of Zhao Zhongyao's mouth twitched:
"."

This matter is really outrageous. A bunch of reports that experts have not found here were actually found by Li Jue.

According to Zhao Zhongyao's understanding of Li Jue, he reckoned that he had to write this matter on the first page of his autobiography to make a special book
Afterwards, Zhao Zhongyao didn't bother with this knowingly questioning guy, but turned around to look at Wang Ganchang, and said:
"Xiao Wang, you and your comrades will work harder and try to see if you can find other similar images."

"If nothing else happens, we're probably going to make a big news this time."

Wang Ganchang nodded immediately:
"understand!"

After speaking, he took other members of the project team and began to search for these reports.

mentioned earlier.

This tandem electrostatic accelerator has a total of 132 modules, each module can detect 47 pixel positions, and can produce more than 6200 reports.

Fortunately, due to the problem of equipment accuracy, there is not much information on each image. Basically, there are two small images, and there are only three or four more.

So less than an hour.

Wang Ganchang returned to Zhao Zhongyao with two pieces of paper and said:

"Teacher, we have checked all the images. Including the incident that Director Li was looking for, there are three eligible cases in total."

"In these three cases, there are two staggered peaks in the final state hyperon mass, that is, they belong to two different hyperons."

"The first report I have is the same type of hyperon that Director Li discovered. The mass is about 3.9 GeV. Due to the energy level of the accelerator, the binding energy is unknown and the polarizability is also unknown."

Zhao Zhongyao nodded slightly.

Hyperons actually mean super-heavy particles, which are heavier than ordinary baryons, and the largest ones can even reach speeds of 400 GeV.

The quality of 3.9GeV can only be regarded as mediocre in the hyperon family, but after adding the final state, it becomes very special.

Then Wang Ganchang paused and continued:
"But I simply calculated the binding energy of this hyperon - after all, there are decay bosons."

"According to the calculation results, the binding energy of this hyperon is mathematically about 1.26812 MeV."

"In addition, its phenotype belongs to Λ super son. Hey, Comrade Han Li, why is your body shaking? Are you sick?"

Note:
The laboratory has been up all night for almost 20 days. I slept for 22 hours today. I didn’t catch up with the update yesterday. Sorry