i have a small world
Chapter 1615 The Importance of Resources
With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology, more and more resources have been discovered, and the range of derivatives of resources has also increased. Therefore, a new concept of resources has gradually formed.
When using a certain resource under the condition of knowledge economy, we must make full use of scientific and technological knowledge to consider the level of resource utilization. When using different types of resources at different levels, we must also consider regional allocation and comprehensive utilization. .This is the "new resource concept", which is the basis for understanding resource issues under the knowledge-based economy.
The resource system view is the core view in the resource view.Only when human beings fully realize that they are part of the large system of man and nature, can it be possible to truly implement coordinated development with nature.Moreover, only when human beings regard various resources as a subsystem in the large system of man and nature, and correctly handle the relationship between this resource subsystem and other subsystems, can human beings use such resources efficiently.
Resources are differentiated relative to the level of human cognition and utilization. Material-energy-information are three valuable resources available in the real world, and the entire human civilization can be based on the development of these three resources by human beings. and utilize the division hierarchy.
The development of human society is determined by the development of the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations.
At first, human beings first learned to use materials to process and make simple production tools to improve labor productivity, but tools made only with materials are a kind of "dead tools", which must be driven and operated by human power. — the situation of productive forces in the age of handicrafts;
Later, human beings further learned to use energy resources, and combined materials and energy to manufacture new production tools, turning the original "dead tools" into "living tools".However, this tool still needs to be controlled and manipulated by people, and the improvement of labor productivity is still limited by human physical factors.This is roughly the case of social productivity in the industrial age.
In modern times, human beings have gradually learned to develop and utilize information resources.And organically combine materials and energy with information to create an advanced tool system that not only has power expulsion but also intelligent control, opening up infinite and broad prospects for the development of social productivity.
In the traditional economy, people's competition for resources is mainly manifested in the possession of land, mineral deposits and oil.
Today, information resources are increasingly becoming the focus of people's competition.This is roughly the case for productivity in the information age.
In short, human beings have learned to use material resources to energy resources to information resources, which has promoted the continuous advancement of human society from the agricultural age to the industrial age and then to the information age. The "trinity" of materials, energy, and information has become an indispensable and precious commodity in modern society. resources, only the comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization of the three major resources.In order to continuously promote social progress and development.
The concept of dynamic balance of resources is the theoretical basis of sustainable development.In the large system of man and nature, the development and change of man depends on the development and utilization of natural resources, and the natural resource system is also developing and changing due to its own motivation and the role of man. In the process of development, man and nature must achieve a dynamic balance. Resource complementarity and dynamic exchange between regions prevent dislocation gaps in resource combinations.
Today's estimates of natural resource security must take into account the impact of high-tech factors.The knowledge economy based mainly on intellectual resources is an inevitable trend of world economic development, and it does not depend on people's subjective consciousness.
High technologies with information technology, biotechnology, new energy technology and new material technology as the core will greatly change the appearance of the world and human life.Blind pessimism about resources is unfounded, but if we do not make great efforts to focus on basic research, applied research that may make breakthroughs and high-tech industrialization.It may restrict human development in the future.
Therefore, under the conditions of knowledge-based economy development, the so-called guarantee of resources lies in the scientific application of these high technologies.It can reach the commercial stage, so that in economic life, rich resources can be used to replace scarce resources.
The current latest research and actual development results show that the forecast of the application period of most high-tech is in advance.This also confirms the accelerating trend of scientific and technological development.Cautious optimism about the outlook is therefore justified.
in human economic activities.All kinds of resources are interconnected and restrict each other.Form a resource system with a complex structure.Each resource has its own subsystem inside.Resource systems can be classified differently from different perspectives such as nature and use.
According to the nature of resources, there are the following categories:
1. Natural resources
Natural resources generally refer to all material resources and natural production processes, and usually refer to resources that are beneficial to human beings under certain technical and economic environmental conditions.
Natural resources can be classified from different perspectives.
From the perspective of renewable resources, they can be divided into renewable resources and non-renewable resources:
Renewable resources: resources that can be regenerated with human participation, such as farmland, if cultivated properly, can make the land always fresh and continuously provide humans with new agricultural products.There are two types of renewable resources: one is recyclable resources, such as solar energy, air, rain, wind and water energy, tidal energy, etc.; the other is biological resources.
Non-renewable resources: (or depleted resources), the reserves and volume of such resources can be measured, and their quality can also be reflected by the percentage of chemical composition, such as mineral resources.
The distinction between renewable resources and non-renewable resources is relative. For example, petroleum and coal are non-renewable resources, but they are the result of long-term physical and chemical changes in the formation of paleontology (ancient animals and plants). It can be transformed between objects, which is the manifestation of the law of indestructibility of matter and energy conservation and transformation.
According to the recovery and renewal ability of resources, it can also be divided into non-recoverable resources (such as various ores, oil, etc.), recoverable inexhaustible resources (such as natural plants and beneficial animals in soil, land and sea, and water and solar energy).
From the degree of controllability of resource utilization, it can be divided into exclusive resources and shared resources.
Proprietary resources: such as resources under state control and jurisdiction.
Shared resources: such as public-ocean, space-space, information-information-resources, etc.
2. According to the classification of socio-economic resources and technical resources, there are the following types
Natural resources, socio-economic resources, and technological resources are usually referred to as the three major types of resources in human society.Socioeconomic resources, also known as social human resources, are socioeconomic factors that directly or indirectly affect production.Among them, population and labor force are the main conditions for social and economic development.
In a broad sense, technical resources also belong to social and human resources, which play an increasingly important role in economic development.
Technology is the application of natural scientific knowledge in the production process.It is a direct productive force, a method and a means to transform the objective world.
The most direct manifestation of technology on social and economic development is the improvement of production tools.The yardstick of productivity in different eras is different production tools, which are mainly determined by science and technology.
in contemporary times.The great role of science and technology in promoting the development of productive forces is concentrated in Deng Xiaoping's assertion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces."
3. According to the use of resources, it can also be divided into the following categories:
1). Agricultural resources
Agricultural resources are the general term for agricultural natural resources and agricultural economic resources.Agricultural natural resources include natural environmental elements that can be used in agricultural production, such as land resources, water resources, climate resources, and biological resources.
Agricultural economic resources refer to socioeconomic factors and social production achievements that directly or indirectly affect agricultural production, such as the quantity and quality of agricultural population and labor force, agricultural technical equipment, agricultural infrastructure including transportation, communication, culture, education, and health, etc. .
Basic types of agricultural resources
1. Natural resources: Refers to the natural elements and natural forces (atmosphere, soil, water, etc.) that can be used in agricultural production and related fields, as well as those natural conditions that have begun to be transferred to the ranks of agricultural natural resources.
2. Socio-economic resources: the source of power to develop and utilize natural resources and transform them into socio-economic wealth.
(1) Population and labor resources
(2) Agricultural science and technology productivity
Basic characteristics of agricultural resources:
[-]. Integrity
All elements are interdependent and restrict each other to form a unified whole.The development of agricultural production must be in accordance with the requirements of optimal combination of resources and ecological balance, rational development and utilization of agricultural resources.
[-]. Regionality
The distribution and combination characteristics of agricultural natural resources in different regions are somewhat different, and the development of agricultural production must follow the principle of adapting measures to local conditions.
[-]. Dynamic balance
Various agricultural natural resources and their combinations.That is to say, the ecosystem is constantly developing and evolving, from balance to breaking balance and then forming a new balance.
[-]. Renewability and Reproducibility
For example, the changing seasons of the climate, the cyclic supply of water, the restoration of soil fertility and the reproduction of organisms, etc., as long as they are properly developed and utilized, and attention is paid to protection and cultivation, they can be used sustainably.
[-]. Limited quantity and unlimited potential
The reserves and utilization of agricultural natural resources are limited, and the ability and range of human utilization of natural resources are also limited. However, due to the renewable and renewable nature of agricultural natural resources, and with the advancement of science and technology, human beings can find New resources and expanded resource utilization.Continuously improve resource utilization and production capacity.
2). Industrial resources
Resources that directly enter the field of industrial production and provide raw materials or power for industrial production.Such as minerals, fossil fuels, hydropower, seeds, etc.
3). Information resources (including service resources)
Information resources refer to the collection of various elements of information activities (information technology, equipment, facilities, information producers, etc.) accumulated in the information activities of human society with information as the core.
Information resources are the general term for all documents, materials, charts and data involved in the production and management process of an enterprise.It involves all information resources generated, acquired, processed, stored, transmitted and used in the process of enterprise production and business activities, and runs through the entire process of enterprise management.
Information, together with energy and materials, is listed as the three major resources in the world today.Information resources widely exist in various fields and departments of economy and society.It is a reflection of various conditions and relationships such as various forms of things, internal laws, and connections with other things.
With the continuous development of society, information resources are crucial to the development of the country and nation.It is crucial to people's work and life, and has become an important strategic resource for national economic and social development. Its development and utilization are the core content of the entire information system.
The founder of cybernetics, Weiner, believes that information is information.Neither matter nor energy.In other words, information is different from matter and energy.at the same time.There is also a close relationship between information, matter and energy.Matter, energy, and information are the three major elements that constitute the real world.
As long as interconnections and interactions between things exist, there is information.All activities in human society are inseparable from information.Information has long existed in the objective world, but people first recognized matter.Then you know energy, and finally you know information.
Information has use value, can meet people's special needs, and can be used to serve society.However, the recognition that information is an independent resource is something that has been around since the 20s.
The research team of Harvard University in the United States has given the famous resource triangle.They point out: Without matter, nothing exists; without energy, nothing happens; without information, nothing has meaning.
As resources, matter provides people with various materials; energy provides various powers; information provides various knowledge.
Information is ubiquitous.But not all information is a resource.Only information that meets certain conditions can constitute a resource.
For information resources, there are narrow and broad senses:
Information resources in a narrow sense refer to information itself or information content, that is, processed data useful for decision-making.The purpose of developing and utilizing information resources is to give full play to the effectiveness of information and realize the value of information.
Information resources in a broad sense refer to the general term of various elements in information activities. "Elements" include information, information technology and corresponding equipment, funds and people.
The narrow view highlights that information is the core element of information resources, but ignores the "system".
In fact, if only the core elements.Without the "support" part (technology, equipment, etc.), organic configuration cannot be carried out, and the maximum effectiveness of information as a resource cannot be brought into play.
To sum up, it can be considered.Information resources are composed of three major elements: information producers, information, and information technology.
(1) Information producers are laborers who produce information for a certain purpose, including original information producers, information processors or information reproducers.
(2) Information is both a raw material and a product of information production.It is the product of the labor of information producers.It is the target element of information resources to directly produce effects on various social activities.
(3) Information technology is a general term for various technologies that can extend or expand human information capabilities.It is a technology that collects, processes, stores, transmits, and utilizes data such as sounds, images, and texts, and various sensory signals.As a production tool, information technology provides support and guarantee for information collection, processing, storage and transmission.
Information resources are compared with natural resources and material resources.It has the following characteristics:
(1) Can be reused, and its value is reflected in use;
(2) The utilization of information resources has a strong goal orientation, and different information embodies different values in different users;
(3) It is integrated. People can retrieve and use it without being restricted by time, space, language, region and industry;
(4) It is social wealth, and no one has the right to buy all or permanently the right to use information; it is a commodity that can be sold, traded and exchanged;
(5) It has liquidity.
Information resources are unlimited, renewable, and shareable; their development and utilization will greatly reduce the consumption of materials and energy, and reduce pollution.
The universe where human beings and the earth live has generated massive amounts of matter, energy and information within the infinite time and infinite space of their existence.
In the limited time and limited space of its existence, human beings consume a lot of materials and energy, and also generate a lot of information. The earth on which we humans live will eventually be destroyed. However, after the destruction of the earth, information resources will become Human heritage can exist in the universe for a long time.
The importance of resources is well known. The survival of human beings is inseparable from abundant resources. Once resources start to become scarce, the end of humankind will come. Therefore, we must cherish resources.
Just like mineral resources, it seems that there are still many mineral resources, which seem to be inexhaustible.However, if human beings abuse mineral resources because of this bad production.In the near future, people will find that they can no longer find enough mineral resources to use.
Nine layers of resources in mineral resources are non-renewable resources, what are non-renewable resources?Non-renewable resources refer to those developed and utilized by human beings.A natural resource that is unlikely to be regenerated over a substantial period of time.Such as: ore resources, soil resources, coal, oil, etc.Also called "non-renewable resources".
Mineral resources are gradually reduced due to the continuous and increasing exploitation of human beings, and some are about to be exhausted, and the speed of mineral formation cannot be compared with the speed of human development, so mineral resources are considered non-renewable.
The reserves of mineral resources are generally calculated according to the amount that can be developed and utilized under the current technical level and economic conditions. With the improvement of mining, smelting and extraction technologies.Some low-grade minerals and associated minerals in the ore will also be utilized.
Mineral resources seem to be very rich now, but in fact, mineral resources are limited. If human beings continue to exploit mineral resources without restrictions and plans, one day in the future, human beings will find that they can no longer find mineral resources. resources, so, whether it is for the current economic benefits of minerals.Still for the future, human beings must have a plan, or a plan, for the mining of mineral resources.
Under the current technical level and economic conditions, the rich ore and high-quality mineral resources that can be utilized by human beings are extremely limited.One way to solve the shortage of mineral resources is to carry out comprehensive utilization.Associated minerals and impurity elements in ores.Abandon it for harm, use it for treasure.
When exploring and evaluating certain minerals, comprehensive evaluation should be carried out; when mining, beneficiation and smelting.We should strive for comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization.
also.If the cut-off grade of mined minerals is relaxed, some mineral reserves will double. For example, if the cut-off grade of copper mine is lowered from the current 0.4% to 0.2%, the copper reserves in the world will increase by 25 times.
With the development of mining, beneficiation and smelting technology.Some waste rocks and waste residues that seem to be of no mining and utilization value today may become useful raw materials in the future.
Another way to solve the problem of mineral resources is to develop the ocean.
The ocean accounts for about 70.8% of the total area of the earth and is extremely rich in resources.There are about 40 billion tons of uranium in the global ocean, which also contains many available elements. For example, in deep sea sediments, there are a large number of "manganese nodules", which contain not only manganese, but also copper, cobalt, and nickel.In the Pacific Ocean alone, there are 4000 billion tons of manganese nodules.The reserves of nickel in the ocean are 150 times that of the land.
There are also gold, chromite, cassiterite, rutile, monazite and other placer deposits in the offshore area.The continental shelf (the part of the shallow sea with a water depth of less than 200 meters) and the continental slope (with a water depth of 200 to 1000 meters) are rich in oil and natural gas.Subsea oil reserves are estimated to account for about 45% of the world's oil reserves.
Of course, the development of mineral resources is not entirely beneficial, and the development of mineral resources still has certain harms.
The massive development and utilization of mineral resources, in addition to causing a shortage of mineral resources, also pollutes the environment, changes the basic structure of the earth's environment and changes the natural environmental conditions of the region.
The open-pit mining of ore completely destroys the landscape and ecology of the mining area, and has a profound and serious impact.
Ki-S-Lo-Vo-C-K of Gao-Ga-Suo in the former Soviet Union was surrounded by mountains on three sides and was not affected by the northern continental climate. It was once known as an "oasis" with pleasant scenery. In the 20s, limestone was mined locally, and the entire mountain was leveled, turning the original canyon into a big gap.The city was under the attack of the cold air from the north, and the "oasis" disappeared.
The ore is mined in the open pit, forming a huge pit on the ground.
Such as the German-Italian-Zhi-Federal-Confederate--He ---Czech--K--Zhou--Lignite mining area, when the mine is exhausted, it will face terrain leveling and ecological restoration. 3-5% of coal cost.
Both surface and underground mining have problems with the accumulation of waste rock and tailings.Waste rocks and tailings pile up into mountains, not only occupying farmland, but also prone to landslide accidents.
A 244-meter-high coal gangue field landslide accident occurred in A-Bo-Fen in Weirs, USA, killing more than 800 people.
The tailings are blown by wind and rain, and the tailings powder or the harmful substances in it diffuse into the atmosphere, water and soil, and cause serious pollution. In 1964, a heavy rain washed away a large piece of fertile lowland grassland in the Bar--K--Pb--Zn-mine tailings field in the British Guokang-Wei-Basin-land, and the waste covering layer Up to half a meter thick.
During the extraction of oil and natural gas.The extraction and injection of underground fluid changes the hydrostatic pressure condition of the underground fluid.May cause ground subsidence, or induce earthquakes.
Mineral resources are often associated with a variety of ores or combined with a variety of chemical elements.Therefore, in the process of ore washing and smelting, harmful substances are often diffused.
For example, from 1902 to 1903, arsenic-poisoning incidents were caused by the spread of arsenic-containing smoke in the Meng-Da-Na-A-Na-Kang-Da copper smelter in the United States, resulting in the death of a large number of livestock. .
The iron ore in the Shenshan area of my country contains as much as 7% fluorine. During the beneficiation and smelting process, most of the fluorine in the ore enters the tailings, and part of it is discharged from the flue gas and waste water during the sintering and blast furnace production process. The natural high fluorine background in the area has caused fluorine pollution, which is harmful to human and animal health.
The adverse impact of the development and utilization of mineral resources on the environment has attracted the attention of environmental geologists and environmental protection workers.
pollution problems.The solution measures focus on comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization; for the environmental structure damage caused by the development of mineral resources, the focus is on prevention and rehabilitation, and at the same time, establish management measures for rational development and protection of mineral resources.
It is conceivable how important resources are, so for the future, we need to save resources, especially for a big developing country like us, saving resources is even more important.This can not only speed up the development of our country, but also make our country no longer be troubled by resources.
"Building a conservation-oriented society" is a slogan we shout when we cherish and save resources, but.And how can we really save resources?Why do we strongly recommend thrift?
The importance of mineral resources has been mentioned above, and water resources are taken as an example here.
The total amount of water resources in the country is about 2.8 trillion cubic meters, ranking sixth in the world.The per capita water volume is more than 2100 cubic meters, which is only a quarter of the world's average level.It is a water-scarce country, and more than 600 of the more than 400 cities in the country are short of water.In particular, the water shortage in the western region is very serious.In some mountainous areas, it is very difficult for people and animals to drink water.
my country's water use is facing severe problems, so we must cherish water resources and save water.
For example: After using the water, you should tighten the faucet to avoid the waste of "a river of clear water flowing eastward". If you find that the faucet is broken, you must repair it in time to avoid losing a lot of water. Don't underestimate the discarded batteries. Because a button battery can pollute 600 tons of water, if you throw it in the water, the water will not be drinkable.
We should collect the batteries and send them to recycling bins, so that we can avoid polluting water sources and recycle batteries, killing two birds with one stone.
We should not only save water, but also save forest resources.
The total amount of forest resources in my country is insufficient, and the forest coverage rate is only 18.21%, which is equivalent to 61.52% of the world's average forest coverage rate; the national per capita forest area and per capita forest stock are respectively less than one-fourth and one-sixth of the world's average level.The quality of the forest is not high, with an average stock volume of only 84.73 cubic meters per hectare, which is equivalent to 84.86% of the world's average level. This is the alarm issued by forest resources to us!
We must save and use forest resources. First of all, we should not throw away manuscript paper, nor fold small handicrafts such as airplanes with unwritten paper, let alone cut down and trample on flowers and trees at will. We must plant trees and take care of flowers and trees; Use disposable items like paper cups, wooden blocks, etc.At school, we have to set up a "green bank" to pick up scraps of paper, small handkerchiefs, etc. that were discarded before.When eating out, bring your own spoons and chopsticks.
Although these measures seem to be very simple and seem to have no effect, you must know that if one person does this, it is really useless, but as long as we all do this, it will definitely save a lot of money. There are many forest resources, so saving forest resources starts from your side!
There are also electricity resources. Speaking of this, some people may say, aren’t electricity resources unlimited?We have as much power resources as we want to use. If you really think this way, you are wrong, and power resources are limited.
Electricity is everywhere in our lives.electricity.It brings us various conveniences, but we still need to save electricity.Because looking at our national electricity is almost produced by burning standard coal, and the coal stored in our country is only enough to be mined for 100 years!
Think about it, everyone. 100 years from now, what will our descendants do?So, we need to save electricity.
First of all, start from yourself, and keep in mind that "when people come, the lights are on, and when people leave, the lights are off". In midsummer, when you turn on the air conditioner, don't adjust the temperature too low.It fits fine.For ordinary lighting, energy-saving lamps should be used as much as possible, because ordinary light bulbs convert a large amount of electrical energy into heat, and only decimals are converted into light, while energy-saving lamps almost convert electrical energy into light.
"Cherish resources and advocate conservation" is the duty of each of our citizens.
Some people say that thrift is a product of the natural economic era with low productivity. Is it inappropriate to mention thrift again under the conditions of a materially abundant market economy?Some people say that consumption is the tractor of production.It is an indispensable wheel of a modern train. Is it outdated to advocate the transition to a conservation-oriented society?Today, why should we save?
People who ask these questions must not know that unrestrained waste of resources shakes the foundation of survival.
Yes.The unrestrained waste of resources shakes the foundation of existence. This is not an alarmist talk, but a real existence.Because resources are limited, and once the resources are exhausted.How can human beings survive?
Saving and waste are relative, and today we bring up saving again.It is because the waste happening around us is shaking the foundation of our existence.
We are one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. The per capita water resources are less than 1/4 of the average. More than 600 of the more than 400 cities have insufficient water supply. But do we cherish water?
Agriculture is a major user of water resources and a major waste of water resources.In my country, the agricultural irrigation method of "earth canal water delivery and flood irrigation" is still widely used. Half of the irrigation water leaks during the water delivery process, and the utilization rate is only about 40%, which is less than half the level of developed countries. .
因为现有用水设施技术落后，目前我国工业万元产值用水量为103立方米、米国是8立方米、倭国只有6立方米；我们工业用水的重复利用率仅为55％左右，而发达国家平均为75％—85％。
People are equally unscrupulous about wasting water resources in daily life.
Experiments have shown that if a faucet leaks one drop of water per second, it will drop 360 tons of water a year, while the water leakage loss of water transmission and distribution pipe networks and water appliances in most cities in my country is as high as more than 20%. Just lose hundreds of millions of cubic meters.The national waste of water resources is more than 100 billion cubic meters per year.The water consumption of car washing in Beiping City in one year is equivalent to the water storage capacity of one Duo Kunming Lake or six Beihai Seas.
Our per capita arable land is less than 2/5 of the world's average level, and we need to use less than 1/10 of the world's arable land to feed 1/4 of the world's population.However, the "enclosure movement" of various names has reduced our cultivated land sharply. Just a small solid clay brick can destroy 8 to 10 mu of fertile land a year, and the land occupied by brick factories alone reaches 400 million. mu.
With extensive use and unnecessary waste, energy has also entered an era of shortage.
The minimum per capita reserves of oil, natural gas, copper, aluminum and other important mineral resources account for only 1/25 of the world average.At present, China consumes nearly 40% more energy and mineral resources per [-] yuan of industrial production value than developed countries. In addition to the factors of backward science and technology, human waste is a big loophole.
Neither the Asian-Asian-financial-financial-crisis, nor the sudden disaster of SARS, have failed to stop the rapid development of our country's economy. At the beginning, it became more and more obvious that our economy was suffering from resource constraints.
For a large developing country like ours, the shortage of important resources will inevitably be controlled by others. At critical times, resources may not be bought with money.
Looming resource crisis rings nature alarm
Riding on the fast-growing economic train, facing more and more abundant material life, we often feel a kind of satisfaction: the days of hard work are over, and life is getting more and more prosperous.
But when we know that today's affluent life is realized by excessive consumption of resources, and today's development is obtained in exchange for the survival rights of future generations, can we still live so calmly and lavishly?
"I thought you were infinitely broad, and didn't care about losing a piece of shade. I thought you had infinite treasures. I didn't care about looting a little peace. I thought you were extremely strong, but who knew that your tears were flowing. I thought your mother's love was boundless. Who knew that you gradually lost strength."
The scarcity and exhaustion of existing resources, the demand and pressure of future development.Let us quietly listen to the warnings of nature.After encountering "coal shortage", "electricity shortage" and "oil shortage" one after another, Chinese people have first tasted the bitterness of resource shortage.In the irritability of queuing up to buy candles, and in the panic of suddenly falling into darkness, the alarm bell has actually sounded!
After decades of surveys, geologists have confirmed that China has become a "weak resource country" because of its huge population base and rapid economic development. In 50 years, except for coal, almost all mineral resources in China will be in serious shortage, and about 50% of the resources will be exhausted.
This is a very dangerous signal.Insufficient resources will become the biggest difficulty restricting the rapid development of China's economy.It will also become the biggest hidden danger that damages our beautiful life.
In fact, under the wheel of development, how to deal with the challenge of resource shortage is already a worldwide issue.
Saving has become a trend in countries all over the world, and the awareness of resource conservation and protection in many countries has been integrated into every detail of life.
Those are countries that are far richer than ours, but they use their resources so carefully that we are ashamed.
The United States is a country rich in resources, and their national consumption level ranks first in the world, but the textbooks of American students are reused.A textbook should be used by at least 8 students, with an average service life of 5 years.
As for our country, the service life of our textbooks is only half a year!
There are 2.2 million primary and middle school students in our country, and if the textbooks in one hand can be used continuously for 5 years.After deducting the cost, the savings can be considerable!And how many forests will survive the recycling of textbooks!
Our neighbors, the Bangzi Chinese, have already saved their teeth.Because they cherish resources, they developed food toothpicks made of potato starch or glutinous rice noodles.
Like disposable tablecloths for restaurants, disposable toiletries for hotels, etc.It has long since disappeared in Bangzi Country.
Disposable chopsticks were originally invented by the Japanese, whose forest coverage rate is as high as 65%.But they are strictly forbidden to cut down trees on their own land to make disposable chopsticks. The wooden chopsticks they use are all imported from China. After use, the chopsticks are processed into pulp and exported to China for foreign exchange.
Hewlett-Packard is a world-renowned large company with strong strength and wealth, but they have set up "spare boxes" and "recycling boxes" in their offices. Only one side of the paper is placed in the spare box, and others can reuse it. On the back of the paper, the paper used on both sides is put into the recycling box for recycling.
In any Epson company in the world, all double-sided printing paper must be used to paste various reimbursement receipts after use.
Behind these seemingly penny-pinching and even trivial behaviors is an increasingly recognized consensus: No matter how rich you are, you have no right to waste resources.
Saving resources depends on everyone's actions.
We are a big developing country with a population of 13 billion, if everyone does not pay attention to saving resources, then our resource reserves will not be able to carry the boat of the development of the Chinese nation; To practice strict economy and oppose waste, the power it gathers will not only support our country to the future, but also a gift of our nation to the earth and mankind.
Don't do evil because it is small, and don't do good because it is small.Everyone can eliminate waste in life, and everyone can bow their heads when they can save.
Turning off the faucet when soaping in the shower can save 60 liters of water in one bath; use a cup to catch water and brush your teeth, only 0.5 liters of water, if you leave the faucet on for 5 minutes, it will waste 45 liters of water; use water-saving appliances in the toilet, each time It can save 4-5 liters of water; when washing vegetables, use a basin to wash water instead of turning on the tap, and a meal can save 100 liters of water...
The 13 billion people in the country use less than one pair of disposable wooden chopsticks, which means that tens of thousands of acres of forests are saved from deforestation.Every family in the country uses less than one plastic bag every day, which can save a lot of oil consumption and reduce environmental pollution.
Recycling 1 ton of waste paper can produce 800 kg of good paper, which can save 17 big trees, save 3 cubic meters of landfill space, save more than half of the papermaking energy, and reduce 35% of water pollution.
If energy-saving light sources are used, our lighting power consumption will drop by 60%, and 740 billion kWh of electricity can be saved a year, which is equivalent to saving 2989 million tons of standard coal.If all the existing 1.3 million refrigerators in the country are replaced with energy-saving refrigerators, 431.32 billion kWh of electricity can be saved every year, which is equivalent to half the power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station...
It is no exaggeration to say that each of us holds precious "resources" tightly in our hands, and holds the power to kill or kill the "lifeline" of the development of these nations. action.
In the 60s and [-]s of the last century, our country once vigorously advocated the spirit of saving one kilowatt-hour of electricity, one drop of water, one drop of oil, one catty of coal, and one inch of cloth.Now that the economy has developed, income has increased, and life is better, but the frugal spirit is not only not outdated, but has become more meaningful with the development of the times.
"Thrift to cultivate virtue", since ancient times, the Chinese nation has always regarded thrift as a virtue worthy of praise.Today, our 20-character civic moral outline will also be included in the book of diligence and thrift.
Choosing frugality not only chooses a way of life and pursues a spiritual quality, but also establishes a road to the future. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Midsummer has arrived, everyone, pay attention to heatstroke prevention!
When using a certain resource under the condition of knowledge economy, we must make full use of scientific and technological knowledge to consider the level of resource utilization. When using different types of resources at different levels, we must also consider regional allocation and comprehensive utilization. .This is the "new resource concept", which is the basis for understanding resource issues under the knowledge-based economy.
The resource system view is the core view in the resource view.Only when human beings fully realize that they are part of the large system of man and nature, can it be possible to truly implement coordinated development with nature.Moreover, only when human beings regard various resources as a subsystem in the large system of man and nature, and correctly handle the relationship between this resource subsystem and other subsystems, can human beings use such resources efficiently.
Resources are differentiated relative to the level of human cognition and utilization. Material-energy-information are three valuable resources available in the real world, and the entire human civilization can be based on the development of these three resources by human beings. and utilize the division hierarchy.
The development of human society is determined by the development of the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations.
At first, human beings first learned to use materials to process and make simple production tools to improve labor productivity, but tools made only with materials are a kind of "dead tools", which must be driven and operated by human power. — the situation of productive forces in the age of handicrafts;
Later, human beings further learned to use energy resources, and combined materials and energy to manufacture new production tools, turning the original "dead tools" into "living tools".However, this tool still needs to be controlled and manipulated by people, and the improvement of labor productivity is still limited by human physical factors.This is roughly the case of social productivity in the industrial age.
In modern times, human beings have gradually learned to develop and utilize information resources.And organically combine materials and energy with information to create an advanced tool system that not only has power expulsion but also intelligent control, opening up infinite and broad prospects for the development of social productivity.
In the traditional economy, people's competition for resources is mainly manifested in the possession of land, mineral deposits and oil.
Today, information resources are increasingly becoming the focus of people's competition.This is roughly the case for productivity in the information age.
In short, human beings have learned to use material resources to energy resources to information resources, which has promoted the continuous advancement of human society from the agricultural age to the industrial age and then to the information age. The "trinity" of materials, energy, and information has become an indispensable and precious commodity in modern society. resources, only the comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization of the three major resources.In order to continuously promote social progress and development.
The concept of dynamic balance of resources is the theoretical basis of sustainable development.In the large system of man and nature, the development and change of man depends on the development and utilization of natural resources, and the natural resource system is also developing and changing due to its own motivation and the role of man. In the process of development, man and nature must achieve a dynamic balance. Resource complementarity and dynamic exchange between regions prevent dislocation gaps in resource combinations.
Today's estimates of natural resource security must take into account the impact of high-tech factors.The knowledge economy based mainly on intellectual resources is an inevitable trend of world economic development, and it does not depend on people's subjective consciousness.
High technologies with information technology, biotechnology, new energy technology and new material technology as the core will greatly change the appearance of the world and human life.Blind pessimism about resources is unfounded, but if we do not make great efforts to focus on basic research, applied research that may make breakthroughs and high-tech industrialization.It may restrict human development in the future.
Therefore, under the conditions of knowledge-based economy development, the so-called guarantee of resources lies in the scientific application of these high technologies.It can reach the commercial stage, so that in economic life, rich resources can be used to replace scarce resources.
The current latest research and actual development results show that the forecast of the application period of most high-tech is in advance.This also confirms the accelerating trend of scientific and technological development.Cautious optimism about the outlook is therefore justified.
in human economic activities.All kinds of resources are interconnected and restrict each other.Form a resource system with a complex structure.Each resource has its own subsystem inside.Resource systems can be classified differently from different perspectives such as nature and use.
According to the nature of resources, there are the following categories:
1. Natural resources
Natural resources generally refer to all material resources and natural production processes, and usually refer to resources that are beneficial to human beings under certain technical and economic environmental conditions.
Natural resources can be classified from different perspectives.
From the perspective of renewable resources, they can be divided into renewable resources and non-renewable resources:
Renewable resources: resources that can be regenerated with human participation, such as farmland, if cultivated properly, can make the land always fresh and continuously provide humans with new agricultural products.There are two types of renewable resources: one is recyclable resources, such as solar energy, air, rain, wind and water energy, tidal energy, etc.; the other is biological resources.
Non-renewable resources: (or depleted resources), the reserves and volume of such resources can be measured, and their quality can also be reflected by the percentage of chemical composition, such as mineral resources.
The distinction between renewable resources and non-renewable resources is relative. For example, petroleum and coal are non-renewable resources, but they are the result of long-term physical and chemical changes in the formation of paleontology (ancient animals and plants). It can be transformed between objects, which is the manifestation of the law of indestructibility of matter and energy conservation and transformation.
According to the recovery and renewal ability of resources, it can also be divided into non-recoverable resources (such as various ores, oil, etc.), recoverable inexhaustible resources (such as natural plants and beneficial animals in soil, land and sea, and water and solar energy).
From the degree of controllability of resource utilization, it can be divided into exclusive resources and shared resources.
Proprietary resources: such as resources under state control and jurisdiction.
Shared resources: such as public-ocean, space-space, information-information-resources, etc.
2. According to the classification of socio-economic resources and technical resources, there are the following types
Natural resources, socio-economic resources, and technological resources are usually referred to as the three major types of resources in human society.Socioeconomic resources, also known as social human resources, are socioeconomic factors that directly or indirectly affect production.Among them, population and labor force are the main conditions for social and economic development.
In a broad sense, technical resources also belong to social and human resources, which play an increasingly important role in economic development.
Technology is the application of natural scientific knowledge in the production process.It is a direct productive force, a method and a means to transform the objective world.
The most direct manifestation of technology on social and economic development is the improvement of production tools.The yardstick of productivity in different eras is different production tools, which are mainly determined by science and technology.
in contemporary times.The great role of science and technology in promoting the development of productive forces is concentrated in Deng Xiaoping's assertion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces."
3. According to the use of resources, it can also be divided into the following categories:
1). Agricultural resources
Agricultural resources are the general term for agricultural natural resources and agricultural economic resources.Agricultural natural resources include natural environmental elements that can be used in agricultural production, such as land resources, water resources, climate resources, and biological resources.
Agricultural economic resources refer to socioeconomic factors and social production achievements that directly or indirectly affect agricultural production, such as the quantity and quality of agricultural population and labor force, agricultural technical equipment, agricultural infrastructure including transportation, communication, culture, education, and health, etc. .
Basic types of agricultural resources
1. Natural resources: Refers to the natural elements and natural forces (atmosphere, soil, water, etc.) that can be used in agricultural production and related fields, as well as those natural conditions that have begun to be transferred to the ranks of agricultural natural resources.
2. Socio-economic resources: the source of power to develop and utilize natural resources and transform them into socio-economic wealth.
(1) Population and labor resources
(2) Agricultural science and technology productivity
Basic characteristics of agricultural resources:
[-]. Integrity
All elements are interdependent and restrict each other to form a unified whole.The development of agricultural production must be in accordance with the requirements of optimal combination of resources and ecological balance, rational development and utilization of agricultural resources.
[-]. Regionality
The distribution and combination characteristics of agricultural natural resources in different regions are somewhat different, and the development of agricultural production must follow the principle of adapting measures to local conditions.
[-]. Dynamic balance
Various agricultural natural resources and their combinations.That is to say, the ecosystem is constantly developing and evolving, from balance to breaking balance and then forming a new balance.
[-]. Renewability and Reproducibility
For example, the changing seasons of the climate, the cyclic supply of water, the restoration of soil fertility and the reproduction of organisms, etc., as long as they are properly developed and utilized, and attention is paid to protection and cultivation, they can be used sustainably.
[-]. Limited quantity and unlimited potential
The reserves and utilization of agricultural natural resources are limited, and the ability and range of human utilization of natural resources are also limited. However, due to the renewable and renewable nature of agricultural natural resources, and with the advancement of science and technology, human beings can find New resources and expanded resource utilization.Continuously improve resource utilization and production capacity.
2). Industrial resources
Resources that directly enter the field of industrial production and provide raw materials or power for industrial production.Such as minerals, fossil fuels, hydropower, seeds, etc.
3). Information resources (including service resources)
Information resources refer to the collection of various elements of information activities (information technology, equipment, facilities, information producers, etc.) accumulated in the information activities of human society with information as the core.
Information resources are the general term for all documents, materials, charts and data involved in the production and management process of an enterprise.It involves all information resources generated, acquired, processed, stored, transmitted and used in the process of enterprise production and business activities, and runs through the entire process of enterprise management.
Information, together with energy and materials, is listed as the three major resources in the world today.Information resources widely exist in various fields and departments of economy and society.It is a reflection of various conditions and relationships such as various forms of things, internal laws, and connections with other things.
With the continuous development of society, information resources are crucial to the development of the country and nation.It is crucial to people's work and life, and has become an important strategic resource for national economic and social development. Its development and utilization are the core content of the entire information system.
The founder of cybernetics, Weiner, believes that information is information.Neither matter nor energy.In other words, information is different from matter and energy.at the same time.There is also a close relationship between information, matter and energy.Matter, energy, and information are the three major elements that constitute the real world.
As long as interconnections and interactions between things exist, there is information.All activities in human society are inseparable from information.Information has long existed in the objective world, but people first recognized matter.Then you know energy, and finally you know information.
Information has use value, can meet people's special needs, and can be used to serve society.However, the recognition that information is an independent resource is something that has been around since the 20s.
The research team of Harvard University in the United States has given the famous resource triangle.They point out: Without matter, nothing exists; without energy, nothing happens; without information, nothing has meaning.
As resources, matter provides people with various materials; energy provides various powers; information provides various knowledge.
Information is ubiquitous.But not all information is a resource.Only information that meets certain conditions can constitute a resource.
For information resources, there are narrow and broad senses:
Information resources in a narrow sense refer to information itself or information content, that is, processed data useful for decision-making.The purpose of developing and utilizing information resources is to give full play to the effectiveness of information and realize the value of information.
Information resources in a broad sense refer to the general term of various elements in information activities. "Elements" include information, information technology and corresponding equipment, funds and people.
The narrow view highlights that information is the core element of information resources, but ignores the "system".
In fact, if only the core elements.Without the "support" part (technology, equipment, etc.), organic configuration cannot be carried out, and the maximum effectiveness of information as a resource cannot be brought into play.
To sum up, it can be considered.Information resources are composed of three major elements: information producers, information, and information technology.
(1) Information producers are laborers who produce information for a certain purpose, including original information producers, information processors or information reproducers.
(2) Information is both a raw material and a product of information production.It is the product of the labor of information producers.It is the target element of information resources to directly produce effects on various social activities.
(3) Information technology is a general term for various technologies that can extend or expand human information capabilities.It is a technology that collects, processes, stores, transmits, and utilizes data such as sounds, images, and texts, and various sensory signals.As a production tool, information technology provides support and guarantee for information collection, processing, storage and transmission.
Information resources are compared with natural resources and material resources.It has the following characteristics:
(1) Can be reused, and its value is reflected in use;
(2) The utilization of information resources has a strong goal orientation, and different information embodies different values in different users;
(3) It is integrated. People can retrieve and use it without being restricted by time, space, language, region and industry;
(4) It is social wealth, and no one has the right to buy all or permanently the right to use information; it is a commodity that can be sold, traded and exchanged;
(5) It has liquidity.
Information resources are unlimited, renewable, and shareable; their development and utilization will greatly reduce the consumption of materials and energy, and reduce pollution.
The universe where human beings and the earth live has generated massive amounts of matter, energy and information within the infinite time and infinite space of their existence.
In the limited time and limited space of its existence, human beings consume a lot of materials and energy, and also generate a lot of information. The earth on which we humans live will eventually be destroyed. However, after the destruction of the earth, information resources will become Human heritage can exist in the universe for a long time.
The importance of resources is well known. The survival of human beings is inseparable from abundant resources. Once resources start to become scarce, the end of humankind will come. Therefore, we must cherish resources.
Just like mineral resources, it seems that there are still many mineral resources, which seem to be inexhaustible.However, if human beings abuse mineral resources because of this bad production.In the near future, people will find that they can no longer find enough mineral resources to use.
Nine layers of resources in mineral resources are non-renewable resources, what are non-renewable resources?Non-renewable resources refer to those developed and utilized by human beings.A natural resource that is unlikely to be regenerated over a substantial period of time.Such as: ore resources, soil resources, coal, oil, etc.Also called "non-renewable resources".
Mineral resources are gradually reduced due to the continuous and increasing exploitation of human beings, and some are about to be exhausted, and the speed of mineral formation cannot be compared with the speed of human development, so mineral resources are considered non-renewable.
The reserves of mineral resources are generally calculated according to the amount that can be developed and utilized under the current technical level and economic conditions. With the improvement of mining, smelting and extraction technologies.Some low-grade minerals and associated minerals in the ore will also be utilized.
Mineral resources seem to be very rich now, but in fact, mineral resources are limited. If human beings continue to exploit mineral resources without restrictions and plans, one day in the future, human beings will find that they can no longer find mineral resources. resources, so, whether it is for the current economic benefits of minerals.Still for the future, human beings must have a plan, or a plan, for the mining of mineral resources.
Under the current technical level and economic conditions, the rich ore and high-quality mineral resources that can be utilized by human beings are extremely limited.One way to solve the shortage of mineral resources is to carry out comprehensive utilization.Associated minerals and impurity elements in ores.Abandon it for harm, use it for treasure.
When exploring and evaluating certain minerals, comprehensive evaluation should be carried out; when mining, beneficiation and smelting.We should strive for comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization.
also.If the cut-off grade of mined minerals is relaxed, some mineral reserves will double. For example, if the cut-off grade of copper mine is lowered from the current 0.4% to 0.2%, the copper reserves in the world will increase by 25 times.
With the development of mining, beneficiation and smelting technology.Some waste rocks and waste residues that seem to be of no mining and utilization value today may become useful raw materials in the future.
Another way to solve the problem of mineral resources is to develop the ocean.
The ocean accounts for about 70.8% of the total area of the earth and is extremely rich in resources.There are about 40 billion tons of uranium in the global ocean, which also contains many available elements. For example, in deep sea sediments, there are a large number of "manganese nodules", which contain not only manganese, but also copper, cobalt, and nickel.In the Pacific Ocean alone, there are 4000 billion tons of manganese nodules.The reserves of nickel in the ocean are 150 times that of the land.
There are also gold, chromite, cassiterite, rutile, monazite and other placer deposits in the offshore area.The continental shelf (the part of the shallow sea with a water depth of less than 200 meters) and the continental slope (with a water depth of 200 to 1000 meters) are rich in oil and natural gas.Subsea oil reserves are estimated to account for about 45% of the world's oil reserves.
Of course, the development of mineral resources is not entirely beneficial, and the development of mineral resources still has certain harms.
The massive development and utilization of mineral resources, in addition to causing a shortage of mineral resources, also pollutes the environment, changes the basic structure of the earth's environment and changes the natural environmental conditions of the region.
The open-pit mining of ore completely destroys the landscape and ecology of the mining area, and has a profound and serious impact.
Ki-S-Lo-Vo-C-K of Gao-Ga-Suo in the former Soviet Union was surrounded by mountains on three sides and was not affected by the northern continental climate. It was once known as an "oasis" with pleasant scenery. In the 20s, limestone was mined locally, and the entire mountain was leveled, turning the original canyon into a big gap.The city was under the attack of the cold air from the north, and the "oasis" disappeared.
The ore is mined in the open pit, forming a huge pit on the ground.
Such as the German-Italian-Zhi-Federal-Confederate--He ---Czech--K--Zhou--Lignite mining area, when the mine is exhausted, it will face terrain leveling and ecological restoration. 3-5% of coal cost.
Both surface and underground mining have problems with the accumulation of waste rock and tailings.Waste rocks and tailings pile up into mountains, not only occupying farmland, but also prone to landslide accidents.
A 244-meter-high coal gangue field landslide accident occurred in A-Bo-Fen in Weirs, USA, killing more than 800 people.
The tailings are blown by wind and rain, and the tailings powder or the harmful substances in it diffuse into the atmosphere, water and soil, and cause serious pollution. In 1964, a heavy rain washed away a large piece of fertile lowland grassland in the Bar--K--Pb--Zn-mine tailings field in the British Guokang-Wei-Basin-land, and the waste covering layer Up to half a meter thick.
During the extraction of oil and natural gas.The extraction and injection of underground fluid changes the hydrostatic pressure condition of the underground fluid.May cause ground subsidence, or induce earthquakes.
Mineral resources are often associated with a variety of ores or combined with a variety of chemical elements.Therefore, in the process of ore washing and smelting, harmful substances are often diffused.
For example, from 1902 to 1903, arsenic-poisoning incidents were caused by the spread of arsenic-containing smoke in the Meng-Da-Na-A-Na-Kang-Da copper smelter in the United States, resulting in the death of a large number of livestock. .
The iron ore in the Shenshan area of my country contains as much as 7% fluorine. During the beneficiation and smelting process, most of the fluorine in the ore enters the tailings, and part of it is discharged from the flue gas and waste water during the sintering and blast furnace production process. The natural high fluorine background in the area has caused fluorine pollution, which is harmful to human and animal health.
The adverse impact of the development and utilization of mineral resources on the environment has attracted the attention of environmental geologists and environmental protection workers.
pollution problems.The solution measures focus on comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization; for the environmental structure damage caused by the development of mineral resources, the focus is on prevention and rehabilitation, and at the same time, establish management measures for rational development and protection of mineral resources.
It is conceivable how important resources are, so for the future, we need to save resources, especially for a big developing country like us, saving resources is even more important.This can not only speed up the development of our country, but also make our country no longer be troubled by resources.
"Building a conservation-oriented society" is a slogan we shout when we cherish and save resources, but.And how can we really save resources?Why do we strongly recommend thrift?
The importance of mineral resources has been mentioned above, and water resources are taken as an example here.
The total amount of water resources in the country is about 2.8 trillion cubic meters, ranking sixth in the world.The per capita water volume is more than 2100 cubic meters, which is only a quarter of the world's average level.It is a water-scarce country, and more than 600 of the more than 400 cities in the country are short of water.In particular, the water shortage in the western region is very serious.In some mountainous areas, it is very difficult for people and animals to drink water.
my country's water use is facing severe problems, so we must cherish water resources and save water.
For example: After using the water, you should tighten the faucet to avoid the waste of "a river of clear water flowing eastward". If you find that the faucet is broken, you must repair it in time to avoid losing a lot of water. Don't underestimate the discarded batteries. Because a button battery can pollute 600 tons of water, if you throw it in the water, the water will not be drinkable.
We should collect the batteries and send them to recycling bins, so that we can avoid polluting water sources and recycle batteries, killing two birds with one stone.
We should not only save water, but also save forest resources.
The total amount of forest resources in my country is insufficient, and the forest coverage rate is only 18.21%, which is equivalent to 61.52% of the world's average forest coverage rate; the national per capita forest area and per capita forest stock are respectively less than one-fourth and one-sixth of the world's average level.The quality of the forest is not high, with an average stock volume of only 84.73 cubic meters per hectare, which is equivalent to 84.86% of the world's average level. This is the alarm issued by forest resources to us!
We must save and use forest resources. First of all, we should not throw away manuscript paper, nor fold small handicrafts such as airplanes with unwritten paper, let alone cut down and trample on flowers and trees at will. We must plant trees and take care of flowers and trees; Use disposable items like paper cups, wooden blocks, etc.At school, we have to set up a "green bank" to pick up scraps of paper, small handkerchiefs, etc. that were discarded before.When eating out, bring your own spoons and chopsticks.
Although these measures seem to be very simple and seem to have no effect, you must know that if one person does this, it is really useless, but as long as we all do this, it will definitely save a lot of money. There are many forest resources, so saving forest resources starts from your side!
There are also electricity resources. Speaking of this, some people may say, aren’t electricity resources unlimited?We have as much power resources as we want to use. If you really think this way, you are wrong, and power resources are limited.
Electricity is everywhere in our lives.electricity.It brings us various conveniences, but we still need to save electricity.Because looking at our national electricity is almost produced by burning standard coal, and the coal stored in our country is only enough to be mined for 100 years!
Think about it, everyone. 100 years from now, what will our descendants do?So, we need to save electricity.
First of all, start from yourself, and keep in mind that "when people come, the lights are on, and when people leave, the lights are off". In midsummer, when you turn on the air conditioner, don't adjust the temperature too low.It fits fine.For ordinary lighting, energy-saving lamps should be used as much as possible, because ordinary light bulbs convert a large amount of electrical energy into heat, and only decimals are converted into light, while energy-saving lamps almost convert electrical energy into light.
"Cherish resources and advocate conservation" is the duty of each of our citizens.
Some people say that thrift is a product of the natural economic era with low productivity. Is it inappropriate to mention thrift again under the conditions of a materially abundant market economy?Some people say that consumption is the tractor of production.It is an indispensable wheel of a modern train. Is it outdated to advocate the transition to a conservation-oriented society?Today, why should we save?
People who ask these questions must not know that unrestrained waste of resources shakes the foundation of survival.
Yes.The unrestrained waste of resources shakes the foundation of existence. This is not an alarmist talk, but a real existence.Because resources are limited, and once the resources are exhausted.How can human beings survive?
Saving and waste are relative, and today we bring up saving again.It is because the waste happening around us is shaking the foundation of our existence.
We are one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. The per capita water resources are less than 1/4 of the average. More than 600 of the more than 400 cities have insufficient water supply. But do we cherish water?
Agriculture is a major user of water resources and a major waste of water resources.In my country, the agricultural irrigation method of "earth canal water delivery and flood irrigation" is still widely used. Half of the irrigation water leaks during the water delivery process, and the utilization rate is only about 40%, which is less than half the level of developed countries. .
因为现有用水设施技术落后，目前我国工业万元产值用水量为103立方米、米国是8立方米、倭国只有6立方米；我们工业用水的重复利用率仅为55％左右，而发达国家平均为75％—85％。
People are equally unscrupulous about wasting water resources in daily life.
Experiments have shown that if a faucet leaks one drop of water per second, it will drop 360 tons of water a year, while the water leakage loss of water transmission and distribution pipe networks and water appliances in most cities in my country is as high as more than 20%. Just lose hundreds of millions of cubic meters.The national waste of water resources is more than 100 billion cubic meters per year.The water consumption of car washing in Beiping City in one year is equivalent to the water storage capacity of one Duo Kunming Lake or six Beihai Seas.
Our per capita arable land is less than 2/5 of the world's average level, and we need to use less than 1/10 of the world's arable land to feed 1/4 of the world's population.However, the "enclosure movement" of various names has reduced our cultivated land sharply. Just a small solid clay brick can destroy 8 to 10 mu of fertile land a year, and the land occupied by brick factories alone reaches 400 million. mu.
With extensive use and unnecessary waste, energy has also entered an era of shortage.
The minimum per capita reserves of oil, natural gas, copper, aluminum and other important mineral resources account for only 1/25 of the world average.At present, China consumes nearly 40% more energy and mineral resources per [-] yuan of industrial production value than developed countries. In addition to the factors of backward science and technology, human waste is a big loophole.
Neither the Asian-Asian-financial-financial-crisis, nor the sudden disaster of SARS, have failed to stop the rapid development of our country's economy. At the beginning, it became more and more obvious that our economy was suffering from resource constraints.
For a large developing country like ours, the shortage of important resources will inevitably be controlled by others. At critical times, resources may not be bought with money.
Looming resource crisis rings nature alarm
Riding on the fast-growing economic train, facing more and more abundant material life, we often feel a kind of satisfaction: the days of hard work are over, and life is getting more and more prosperous.
But when we know that today's affluent life is realized by excessive consumption of resources, and today's development is obtained in exchange for the survival rights of future generations, can we still live so calmly and lavishly?
"I thought you were infinitely broad, and didn't care about losing a piece of shade. I thought you had infinite treasures. I didn't care about looting a little peace. I thought you were extremely strong, but who knew that your tears were flowing. I thought your mother's love was boundless. Who knew that you gradually lost strength."
The scarcity and exhaustion of existing resources, the demand and pressure of future development.Let us quietly listen to the warnings of nature.After encountering "coal shortage", "electricity shortage" and "oil shortage" one after another, Chinese people have first tasted the bitterness of resource shortage.In the irritability of queuing up to buy candles, and in the panic of suddenly falling into darkness, the alarm bell has actually sounded!
After decades of surveys, geologists have confirmed that China has become a "weak resource country" because of its huge population base and rapid economic development. In 50 years, except for coal, almost all mineral resources in China will be in serious shortage, and about 50% of the resources will be exhausted.
This is a very dangerous signal.Insufficient resources will become the biggest difficulty restricting the rapid development of China's economy.It will also become the biggest hidden danger that damages our beautiful life.
In fact, under the wheel of development, how to deal with the challenge of resource shortage is already a worldwide issue.
Saving has become a trend in countries all over the world, and the awareness of resource conservation and protection in many countries has been integrated into every detail of life.
Those are countries that are far richer than ours, but they use their resources so carefully that we are ashamed.
The United States is a country rich in resources, and their national consumption level ranks first in the world, but the textbooks of American students are reused.A textbook should be used by at least 8 students, with an average service life of 5 years.
As for our country, the service life of our textbooks is only half a year!
There are 2.2 million primary and middle school students in our country, and if the textbooks in one hand can be used continuously for 5 years.After deducting the cost, the savings can be considerable!And how many forests will survive the recycling of textbooks!
Our neighbors, the Bangzi Chinese, have already saved their teeth.Because they cherish resources, they developed food toothpicks made of potato starch or glutinous rice noodles.
Like disposable tablecloths for restaurants, disposable toiletries for hotels, etc.It has long since disappeared in Bangzi Country.
Disposable chopsticks were originally invented by the Japanese, whose forest coverage rate is as high as 65%.But they are strictly forbidden to cut down trees on their own land to make disposable chopsticks. The wooden chopsticks they use are all imported from China. After use, the chopsticks are processed into pulp and exported to China for foreign exchange.
Hewlett-Packard is a world-renowned large company with strong strength and wealth, but they have set up "spare boxes" and "recycling boxes" in their offices. Only one side of the paper is placed in the spare box, and others can reuse it. On the back of the paper, the paper used on both sides is put into the recycling box for recycling.
In any Epson company in the world, all double-sided printing paper must be used to paste various reimbursement receipts after use.
Behind these seemingly penny-pinching and even trivial behaviors is an increasingly recognized consensus: No matter how rich you are, you have no right to waste resources.
Saving resources depends on everyone's actions.
We are a big developing country with a population of 13 billion, if everyone does not pay attention to saving resources, then our resource reserves will not be able to carry the boat of the development of the Chinese nation; To practice strict economy and oppose waste, the power it gathers will not only support our country to the future, but also a gift of our nation to the earth and mankind.
Don't do evil because it is small, and don't do good because it is small.Everyone can eliminate waste in life, and everyone can bow their heads when they can save.
Turning off the faucet when soaping in the shower can save 60 liters of water in one bath; use a cup to catch water and brush your teeth, only 0.5 liters of water, if you leave the faucet on for 5 minutes, it will waste 45 liters of water; use water-saving appliances in the toilet, each time It can save 4-5 liters of water; when washing vegetables, use a basin to wash water instead of turning on the tap, and a meal can save 100 liters of water...
The 13 billion people in the country use less than one pair of disposable wooden chopsticks, which means that tens of thousands of acres of forests are saved from deforestation.Every family in the country uses less than one plastic bag every day, which can save a lot of oil consumption and reduce environmental pollution.
Recycling 1 ton of waste paper can produce 800 kg of good paper, which can save 17 big trees, save 3 cubic meters of landfill space, save more than half of the papermaking energy, and reduce 35% of water pollution.
If energy-saving light sources are used, our lighting power consumption will drop by 60%, and 740 billion kWh of electricity can be saved a year, which is equivalent to saving 2989 million tons of standard coal.If all the existing 1.3 million refrigerators in the country are replaced with energy-saving refrigerators, 431.32 billion kWh of electricity can be saved every year, which is equivalent to half the power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station...
It is no exaggeration to say that each of us holds precious "resources" tightly in our hands, and holds the power to kill or kill the "lifeline" of the development of these nations. action.
In the 60s and [-]s of the last century, our country once vigorously advocated the spirit of saving one kilowatt-hour of electricity, one drop of water, one drop of oil, one catty of coal, and one inch of cloth.Now that the economy has developed, income has increased, and life is better, but the frugal spirit is not only not outdated, but has become more meaningful with the development of the times.
"Thrift to cultivate virtue", since ancient times, the Chinese nation has always regarded thrift as a virtue worthy of praise.Today, our 20-character civic moral outline will also be included in the book of diligence and thrift.
Choosing frugality not only chooses a way of life and pursues a spiritual quality, but also establishes a road to the future. (To be continued..)
ps: Note: Midsummer has arrived, everyone, pay attention to heatstroke prevention!
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