Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 193

The ninth person, Geng Jingzhong, King of Jingnan of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, has 88 military force, 92 commander, 84 intelligence, and 85 politics;

Geng Jingzhong was the grandson of Geng Zhongming and the eldest son of Geng Jimao, and one of the three Han vassal kings in the early Qing Dynasty.The Geng family was originally from Shandong, and was moved to Gaizhouwei, Liaodong.Geng Zhongming first served as a general under Mao Wenlong. After Mao Wenlong was killed by Yuan Chonghuan, he surrendered to Nurhachi and was incorporated into the Zhenghuang Banner of the Han Army.At the beginning of Shunzhi, he entered the customs from Dorgon, and in 1649 (the sixth year of Shunzhi), he was named King Jingnan.After Geng Zhongming's death, his son Geng Jimao succeeded him. Geng Jimao died in 1671, and Geng Jingzhong attacked King Jingnan.

In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Geng Jingzhong married Prince Su Hauge's daughter, and was granted the title of Heshuo.After he succeeded to the throne, Geng Jingzhong ordered the deployment of soldiers to prepare for the change due to rumors that "the emperor is a clone of Huo Er" was prophesied in prophecies.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui, a general who had been surrendered in the late Ming Dynasty, was named the King of Pingxi and guarded Yunnan; Shang Kexi was named the King of Pingnan, and Geng Zhongming was named the King of Jingnan. They all controlled Guangdong, and they were called "Three Feudatories" at that time.

Beginning with Geng Jimao, he took advantage of the opportunity of "moving the town" to build a large area of ​​land to build the palace.He selected the land in the southeast of Fuzhou, centered on the current Wangzhuang, built more than 300 houses, and occupied 8 acres of farmland nearby to build the palace.For the enclosed house, 6 taels of silver will be rewarded for the large room, 4 taels for the middle room, and 3 taels for the small room.Rural land costs [-] taels per mu.The residents were immediately driven away and were not allowed to return.So the location of the royal palace was called "Geng Wangzhuang", or "Wangzhuang" for short, and it remains so to this day.

The construction of Prince Geng's Mansion is very luxurious.For example, the pair of stone lions in front of the gate are specially made of "white stone" produced in Gaoyao County, Guangdong.This "white stone" is transparent, warm, and extremely white, like glass.Yang Yong, the magistrate of Gaoyao County, selected the most skilled craftsmen according to the size to carefully carve them. The magistrate supervised the production day and night, and then transported them from Guangzhou to Fuzhou across thousands of mountains and rivers.The wood used by the palace was distributed to the local government, and precious varieties such as yellow nan, boxwood, black pear, and high poplar were purchased, and thousands of craftsmen were hired to work hard every day.When King Geng arrived in Fuzhou, he brought several Indian elephants with him from Guangzhou and raised them near the palace, so the place name "Elephant Garden" still exists today.

In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), the Qing court issued an edict to withdraw the "San Francisco", which led to Wu Sangui's rebellion against the Qing Dynasty.

In March of the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), Geng Jingzhong responded in Fuzhou and killed Fujian Governor Fan Chengmo (son of Fan Wencheng) and more than 50 staff members.And taking advantage of the opportunity of repairing the Nine Immortals Temple in Yushan, he ordered to change the statue of Wang Tianjun, change the original sitting statue into a standing statue, change the "slave appearance" into an arrogant and condescending form, and conceal the rebellion against the Qing court; and continue to develop his own town The forces used the titles to win over the party members, dispatched confidantes to take over the prefectures of Yanping (now Nanping), Shaowu, Funing (now Xiapu area), Jianning, and Tingzhou (now Changting), and bought people's hearts under the guise of "Fuming". ;

The officials and the people were ordered to cut braids and leave their hair, and the clothes, scarves and hats were all made according to the Ming Dynasty, and they created the "Yumin Tongbao" by themselves.Seeing that the time was ripe, Geng Jingzhong claimed to be the president's general and sent troops in three directions: the east route to attack Wen, Taiwan, and Chuzhou in Zhejiang; the west route to attack Guangxin, Jianchang, and Raozhou in Jiangxi; the middle route to attack Jinhua and Quzhou in Zhejiang. He also invited Taiwan's Zheng Jing to attack Chaozhou and Huizhou in Guangdong, and also invited Taiwan's Zheng Jing to seek support from coastal counties via sea routes. The military strength was very strong for a while.

At that time, Pingnan Wang Shang Kexi did not oppose the Qing Dynasty, but fought with Wu Sangui and others to show his loyalty. His son Shang Zhixin put Shang Kexi under house arrest in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676) before he raised the banner of rebellion.

Geng Jingzhong's rebellion shocked the court.On the one hand, Emperor Kangxi sent troops into Fujian, issued an edict to cut Jing Zhongjue, and banned his brothers in Beijing;Geng Jingzhong ignored it, and continued to raise troops to capture Jiangshan, Pingyang, Jinhua, Yiwu, and Zhuji in Zhejiang, and went deep into eastern Zhejiang; captured Shicheng in the west of Jiangxi, and pushed Ningdu and Ganzhou; once captured Huizhou and Qimen in Anhui, and his troops expanded to more than 10.

In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), the imperial court sent Prince Kang Jieshu as the ordered general to lead the army south to Zhejiang.

In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), Chuzhou was recovered.

Due to the contradictions among the "San Francisco" and the suspicion with Taiwan's Zheng Jing anti-Qing forces, Geng's army was short of pay, low in morale, and violent along the way, quickly losing popular support, giving the Qing army a chance to defeat them one by one.

In August of the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), the Qing army advanced into the country, broke Xianxiaguan, entered Fujian to take Pucheng, Jianning, conquered Yanping, and arrived at Shuikou.In October, the imperial court ordered General Jie Shu to follow the edict to recruit Geng Jingzhong.The Qing army suppressed the border.Geng Jingzhong presented the "Presidential General Seal" and killed Fan Chengmo to silence him, preparing to lead the navy to flee.But his confidant, Xu Wenhuan, has secretly surrendered to the Qing army, with heavy troops in his hands, who deceived Jingzhong and refused to let him go out of the city.

When the Qing army arrived at Hongtang and entered Fuzhou, Geng Jingzhong had no choice but to expose his naked body. He led the civil and military officials out of the city to meet the surrender, and asked the Prince of Jingnan to stay in the army to exterminate Zheng Jingjun and make atonement for his crimes.Geng Jingzhong led his troops to defeat Zheng Jun.Then he marched into Chaozhou and defeated Shang Zhixin's army. Emperor Kangxi ordered Jingzhong to garrison Chaozhou.

After Geng Jingzhong was surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he still had the intention of treason, and was secretly reported by his subordinates.

In the 19th year of Kangxi's reign (1680), the Qing court ordered Geng Jingzhong to go to court because he had different ambitions. He was dismissed from the throne for the crime of betrayal and rebellion and was handed over to the judiciary for trial.

In the first month of the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), the rebellion of the "San Francisco" was completely subsided. The University scholar Mingzhu said: "Geng Jingzhong's crime of rebellion is greater than Shang Zhixin." So Emperor Kangxi issued an edict to send Geng Jingzhong and his confidant Bai Xianzhong , Xu Wenyao, Wang Shiyu, etc. were executed Ling Chi, and Fan Chengmo's son Fan Shichong divided their flesh and offered sacrifices to the tomb.

After Geng Jingzhong was imprisoned, his family members were properly resettled, and they were "organized as five assistant leaders, and attached to the Zhenghuang Banner of the Han Army" and "as in the Han Army, wearing armor and food"; his two younger brothers, Geng Zhaozhong and Geng Juzhong, both lived in Jingzhong died four or five years after being punished, and all of them were given posthumous titles.

The tenth person, Shang Kexi, King Pingnan of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, has 90 force, 94 commander, 86 intelligence, and 88 politics;

Shang Kexi's ancestral home is Hongdong, Shanxi, and his family background is farming.His great-grandfather Shangsheng moved to Hengshui, North Zhili, and his grandfather Shang Jiguan moved to Haizhou, Liaodong. Shang Kexi was born here, ranking fourth among the five sons.When the Later Jin invaded Liaoshen, he moved with his father Shangxueli to Songshan in western Liaoning for refuge, during which his mother died in the war.Later, father and son joined the Ming army successively.Shang Xueli first voted for Liaodong governor Wang Huazhen, and then followed Mao Wenlong to Phi Island.Shang Kexi joined the navy of the Ming army in 1623 (the third year of Mingqi), went to Phi Island to find his father the following year, and joined Mao Wenlong's command. He was adopted as his adopted grandson and named Yongxi.

Soon after the reunion of father and son, Shang Xueli was beaten to death by Houjin soldiers, and Mao Wenlong handed Shang Xueli's department under Shang Kexi's command. In October of 1631 (the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), a mutiny occurred in Pidao. Huanglong, the general soldier of the Dongjiang River, was detained by Geng Zhongyu, Wang Yingyuan and others, and Shen Shikui took pictures of the incident.After hearing the news, Shang Kexi from Fentunhai rushed back to Phi Island to suppress the mutiny, killed Geng Zhongyu, Wang Yingyuan and other leaders, and helped Huanglong come back to watch the matter. Huanglong expressed his gratitude and immediately promoted Shang Kexi as a guerrilla.

Soon after, the Wuqiao mutiny occurred in the Ming Dynasty. Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming and others occupied Dengzhou and resisted the Ming army for more than a year.After the mutiny, Huanglong sent Shang Kexi and Jin Shenghuan to appease the Dongjiang Islands, and expelled the rebel Gao Chengyou in Lushun, and then Huanglong settled in Lushun. In February 1633 (the sixth year of Ming Chongzhen), after the Ming army recovered Dengzhou, Kong, Geng and others fled to the sea. Shang Kexi led a fleet to encircle the rebels under the order of Huanglong. The whole army was dispersed by the hurricane and landed in Dengzhou. Later, he was suspected by Ming general Zu Dabi as a traitor, but fortunately Huang Long rescued him and returned to Lushun.Because of his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion, he was promoted to lieutenant general and stationed in Guanglu Island.

In July of the same year, Kong and Geng, who had already invested in the empress gold, led the empress gold soldiers to capture Lushun. Huanglong was defeated and committed suicide.

After Huanglong's death, Shen Shikui took over as the general soldier of Dongjiang.Since Shang Kexi suppressed the Pidao mutiny and Shen Shikui lost power, Shen Shikui held a grudge against him and waited for an opportunity to retaliate.In October of 1633 A.D. (the sixth year of Ming Chongzhen), Shen Shikui tricked Shang Kexi into Phi Island, intending to falsely accuse him of crimes and murder him.This matter was investigated by Shang Kexi's subordinate Xu Erxian and others, so Shang Kexi decided to leave.

After that, Shang Kexi sent Xu Erxian and Ban Zhifu to Shenyang to contact Hou Jin.When Huang Taiji heard this, he was extremely excited and shouted "Heaven helps me" and gave Shang Kexi the title of "Heaven helps the soldiers".

On the first day of the first lunar month in 1634 (the seventh year of Ming Chongzhen, and the ninth year of later Jin Tiancong), Shang Kexi took advantage of the New Year's Day meeting to arrest deputy generals Yu Liangtai and Qiu Zhentai, and then plundered Guanglu, Changshan, Shicheng, and Haiyang. Yue took the generals under his command and the military equipment of the five islands under his command to sail back to the gold.On April 30th, when Shang Kexi came to Shengjing, Huang Taiji went 27 miles out of the city to meet him, and received the same treatment as when Kong and Geng returned last year.Huang Taiji highly praised Shang Kexi for "reaching the right to adapt", "knowing the dangers of Ming fortune, and knowing the direction of the current situation", rewarding countless treasures, returning the previously captured Shang Kexi family members who can be found, a total of [-] people, and being named the general official.

In 1636 AD (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to the Qing Dynasty, and named Kong Youde King Gongshun, Geng Zhongming King Huaishun, and Shang Kexi Zhishun King. These were the "Three Shun Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty, and Haizhou was granted to Shang Kexi as a fief, and the old Jiakou tribe was settled here.Shang Ke was delighted to be treated with great courtesy by Huang Taiji, and later followed Huang Taiji to conquer North Korea and forced the North Korean king Li Jie to sign an alliance under the city.

In 1642 A.D. (the 15th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the seventh year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), he followed the Qing army to attack Songshan, Xingshan and other places in the Battle of Songjin, and made military exploits.That year, the Qing Dynasty established the Eight Banners Han Army, and Shang Kexi was incorporated into the Han Army Xianglan Banner.

In 1644 AD (the 17th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Shang Kexi and other three kings entered the pass with the Qing army and pursued Li Zicheng to Wangdu.Later, he and Wu Sangui followed the British Prince Azige to Yanchang City and occupied Yan'an, which was occupied by Li Zicheng's nephew Li Jin. They then left Wuguan and marched to Huguang and Jiangxi to pursue the remaining troops of Li Zicheng. After Li Zicheng was killed at Jiugong Mountain, he moved to Beijing. , was ordered to return to Haizhou.

In 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi), he attacked Hunan with Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, and returned to Beijing in 1648.In 1649 A.D. (the sixth year of Shunzhi), he was renamed "Pingnan King" and given a gold seal and a gold book. Together with "Jingnan King" Geng Zhongming and the old family of Jiakou, a total of more than 2 people marched into Guangdong.They followed Tianjin, Dengzhou, Wuchang, Yueyang, Nanxiong, Shaozhou, Yingde, Qingyuan, and finally reached the city of Guangzhou.

Because his subordinates violated military laws on the way, Jingnan King Geng Zhongming committed suicide in fear of crime and was succeeded by his son Geng Jimao. The two armies were returned to the control of Pingnan King.In February of 1650 AD (the seventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Pingjing’s army arrived in Guangzhou. The whole journey was like a broken bamboo, and they hoped to return. Emperor Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty fled to Wuzhou. However, Du Yonghe, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Southern Ming Dynasty (formerly Li Chengdong’s deputy general) refused to surrender. Shang Kexi and others besieged the city. It lasted for 10 months, and finally captured the city and massacred the residents in the city, which was later called the "Guangzhou Massacre".Guangzhou had a population of about 40 at the time, and about one-fifth of the people died.

The day after the city of Guangzhou was destroyed, that is, December 1650, [-] (the seventh year of Shunzhi), Shang Kexi entered the city. "Stop the massacre, seal the treasury, collect the books, and urgently send people to the county school to guard the sacrificial vessels to prevent them from being lost." He sent a message to the counties and counties, and settled down with the generals and officials. He stayed there for several days, and the prefectures and counties to which they belonged came and returned one after another."

Shang Kexi opened a mansion in Guangzhou, and the former site is the People’s Park in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou. In 1653 (the 1654th year of Shunzhi), he defeated Li Dingguo, a general of the Southern Ming Dynasty in Zhaoqing, and put down Hao Shangjiu, a rebel general in Chaozhou. In 11 (the [-]th year of Shunzhi) Yu Xinhui defeated Li Dingguo again and consolidated the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Guangdong.

During Shang Kexi’s 26 years in Guangdong, he maintained social order, rebuilt rites, music, culture and education, appeased the adherents of the Southern Ming Dynasty, promoted agricultural development, and donated money to build Buddhist temples to accommodate monks and scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.At the same time, he has not done the usual enclosure.On the southeast coast, while attacking Zheng Chenggong and other coastal anti-Qing forces, he wrote to the imperial court to cancel the order to move the border and ban the sea. After the imperial court refused, he suppressed the people's resistance.

Shang Kexi privately taxed in the private market in Guangdong, "earning millions of taels of silver every year", and monopolized salt, mines and all trades, so there was a saying at that time that "Pingnan's wealth is the best in the world".

In October of 1655 (the 12th year of Shunzhi), Shang Kexi made a request for the first time to return to the old Liaodong on the basis of "disease in phlegm", and persuaded the emperor of Shunzhi to stay with "the whole Guangdong is not yet determined".In 1673 AD (the 12th year of Kangxi), Shang Kexi No. 11 asked him to return to the old Liaodong, and left his eldest son Anda Gong Shang Zhixin to guard Guangdong.Kangxi allowed him to return to the old Liaodong, but the imperial court ordered the withdrawal of the vassal because Shang Zhixin was domineering and difficult to control.

Shang Kexi registered and made a register, preparing to move his family back to Haicheng.Unexpectedly, after receiving the imperial decree to withdraw all San Francisco, Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, played the banner of "Xingming to seek captives" and raised troops against the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi ordered Shang Kexi to stay in Guangdong, and named Shang Zhixin the king of Zhennan, The second son of the king, Shang Zhixiao, was the general of Pingnan.

The southern group responded to Wu Sangui, and Jingnan Wang Geng Jingzhong also raised troops. Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other places were all under the jurisdiction of Wu Sangui; the generals under King Pingnan of Guangdong also included Liu Jinzhong, Zu Zeqing and many others. together.Shang Kexi persisted in his allegiance to the Qing Dynasty, and used Guangdong's tiny land to restrain more than [-] rebels from going northward wholeheartedly, creating favorable conditions for the Qing government to counter the rebellion.

During this period, Guangdong was in critical condition several times. The Qing government sent Shang Kexi's son-in-law Shang Zhilong's troops to Jiangxi and encountered obstacles.Four of the ten counties in Guangdong have been lost, and the city of Guangzhou is in dire straits. King Pingnan even piled firewood in his backyard, intending to set fire to himself in a critical moment.

In order to win over Shang Kexi and his followers, in the first month of 1675 AD (the 14th year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi once again decreed that Shang Kexi was named Prince of Pingnan in Jin Dynasty.At that time, Guangdong was being attacked by bandits, and the bandits rose together. Boluo, Heyuan, Changning, Zengcheng, and Conghua counties successively called the police. Fortunately, they were divided into troops to suppress them.In December of the same year, Shang Kexi, who felt that his time was running out, summoned painters on the Zhenhai Building in Guangzhou to paint seven portraits of himself, which will be handed down to future generations.

In February of 1676 AD (the 15th year of Kangxi), Shang Zhixin sent troops to besiege his father's mansion, seize the highest command in Guangdong, and responded to Wu Sangui's rebellion. Shang Ke was happy to hear the change and wanted to hang himself from a rafter, but was rescued by left and right.

On October 29 of the same year, Shang Kexi passed away in Guangzhou at the age of 73.Before his death, he had been unconscious and suddenly opened his eyes and said: "I have been favored by three dynasties, and the current situation is like this. I cannot kill the thief, and I will die unjustly!" He ordered the disciples to take out the crown and robe given by Huang Taiji, put it on and help him get up. , kowtowed to the north and said: "After my death, I will return to Haicheng for burial. If my soul knows, I will still be the emperor before me." After saying this, he died.

Emperor Kangxi mourned after hearing the news, and bestowed the posthumous title "Jing".The coffin was temporarily housed in the Dafo Temple in Guangzhou. It was buried in Fengxiang Mountain, Haizhou in 1681 (the 20th year of Kangxi), and later moved to Wen'an Mountain, Daxin Village, Bali Town, Haicheng City.

(End of this chapter)