Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 225

Li Yuanhao is violent by nature, suspicious and prone to murder.Such a character has caused a lot of undue damage to his career.After Li Yuanhao succeeded to the throne, in order to eliminate dissidents and prevent foreign relatives from usurping power, he implemented the policy of "severe punishment and killing" to clear the way for the country to become emperor.In October of the first year of Yuanhao's Kaiyun (the first year of Song Jingyou, 1034), Wei Mushanxi, the leader of the Weimu clan of the mother clan, conspired to kill Li Yuanhao.Li Yuanhao poisoned his mother, the guard Mu's family, to death with alcohol, killing all members of the Wei Mu family.

In September of the second year of Daqing of Yuanhao (the fourth year of Jingyou of Song Dynasty, 1037), Li Yuanhao's uncle, Wei Mingshan, the supervisor of the army in the left chamber, failed to persuade Yuanhao not to attack the Song Dynasty, so he defected to the Song Dynasty and was sent back to the Xia Kingdom. , Yuan Hao executed his father, son and entire clan.Yuan Hao is suspicious by nature, and he is good at using suspicious tactics when sending troops, and he is easy to fall into the enemy's tricks.Yuan Hao's close ministers, brothers Ye Li Wangrong and Ye Li Yuqi, were the brothers of Yuan Hao's Empress Ye Li. They ruled the left wing of Xia Guoming Hall and the right wing of Tiandu respectively. Ye Li Wangrong was called the King of Ye Li, and Ye Li Yu was Begging to be called the King of Heaven.The second generals are good at using soldiers and have strategies. The "mountain boundary" soldiers they command are known for their combat skills.In the two major battles of Sanchuankou and Haoshuichuan where Yuan Hao fought against the Song Dynasty, he defeated Song generals Liu Ping, Shi Yuansun, Ren Fu and others. There were many plans by the two generals. The Song Dynasty frontier commander hated the two generals Ye Li. Once it enters the bones, it will go away as soon as possible.Song Jiang Zhong Shiheng cleverly set up a plan to divorce, so Yuan Hao easily killed the second general.

In the tenth year of Yanzuo's rites granted by heaven (the seventh year of Song Qingli, 1047), Song Renzong gave Yuanhao the surname Zhao again, but Li Yuanhao's surname was not Zhao, so he changed it back to Li.In addition, in his later years, he was indulging in wine and sex, and he was so happy that he made great achievements, which caused Xixia's internal affairs to become increasingly corrupt, and everyone betrayed their relatives.It is said that he ordered the civilian husbands to build a mausoleum every day, and built 360 tombs as his tombs, and then killed all the civilian husbands.Yuan Hao is lustful and has many wives and concubines. He still likes to take other people's wives by force.It is said that wives (concubines) married seven times, and one said five marriages, but actually there were as many as eight.Abandoned Queen Yeli and Prince Ningling, and replaced the Prince's betrothed Mizang clan (another theory is Mizang clan) as the new queen. , 11) was murdered by Zi Ning Linge at the age of 1048. His temple name was Jingzong, his posthumous title was Emperor Wulie, and he was buried in Tailing.Li Ninglinge was later executed for patricide. [46] His youngest son Liang Zuo succeeded to the throne, and his posthumous title was Emperor Wulie, and his temple name was Jingzong.

government measures
The year that created the party regime.Li Deming has always used the Northern Song Dynasty name. In 1032, the first year of Mingdao in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuan Hao changed his name to Xiandao in China for the second year in the name of avoiding his father's taboo. , and changed to Guangyun.From then on, Yuan Hao began to use his own reign name, abandoning the Song Dynasty reign name.

Build a palace and build a mansion
In order to prepare for the founding of the state, Yuan Hao, the camp palace, changed the capital of Xingzhou to Xingqing Prefecture in Shengzhou Prefecture.The palace was also expanded, "its name is imitated by the Chinese name", and the towns of Hong, Ding, Wei, Long, and Huai were promoted to prefectures.

Improve the official system
According to the Song system, a hundred officials were set up, and a state institution ruled by the party slave owner class was established.Yuan Hao established two bureaucracies, the Tibetan and Han bureaucracies. The official titles of the Tibetan official system were: Ning Ling, Mo Ning Ling, Ding Lu, Ding Nu, Su Gui, Zu Ru, Lu Ze, and Shu Ming.Hanguan system institutions include: Zhongshu, Privy Council, Third Division, Yushitai, Kaifeng Mansion, Xuwei Division, Official Training Division 24, Receiver Division, Farmland Division, Group Herd Division, Feilong Institute, Mill Kan Division, and Wensi Institute , "From Zhongshuling, Prime Minister, Shushi, Dafu, Shizhong, Taiwei and below, they all ordered the Han people to do it." Later, the [-] divisions in the Song Dynasty were changed to [-] divisions, and the six Caos were divided.According to the Song system, Shang Shuling was established to take charge of the affairs of the sixteen divisions.Its Han official system is basically the content of the official system of the Song Dynasty.

Custom uniform instrument
Yuan Hao set court uniforms for all officials, depending on their ranks. Civil officials wore poutou, boots and wats, purple clothes and scarlet clothes, basically in the style of the Song Dynasty.Military officers wear gold, silver and black lacquer crowns according to rank, wear purple clothes, and wear gold-painted silver belts.The common people's clothes are green and green, so as to distinguish between noble and humble.Referring to the Song Dynasty’s formulation of court rituals: "All officials and subordinates take six days as regular attendance, and nine days as daily living. They all order the prime ministers of the Tibetans to go to work, and all officials dance in order to thirst and perform three salutes. Those who do not stand upright and tend to pay homage to those who lose their manners will be punished."

military
Reorganize the tribe
The Xiang tribe was reorganized into a clan with one account, a small tribe had hundreds of accounts, and a large tribe had thousands of accounts.The military organization integrating soldiers and civilians is the most important social organization of the party. Those who are over 15 years old and under 60 years old are Ding. They go out to help in wartime and are not engaged in production during wartime. They bring their own weapons and food. The battle comes when the battle is called. "Yuan Hao established the system and led the two Dings to capture one person from the regular army." , each person who bears the burden is one copy. Those who bear the burden are also thrown in with the army. The four dings are two copies, and the remaining numbers are empty dings. Those who were originally affiliated with the regular army can shoot other dings as burdens. If not, those who are weak in the regular army are allowed to shoot. Therefore, the strong ones will be the main army." The strong ones were organized into the "main army", and the weak ones were organized into auxiliary soldiers. Yuan Hao organized a total of about 50 tribal soldiers. [14]
Jiansheng Army
Establish a "capture army" that specializes in plundering slave populations.There are a total of 5000, of which [-] are elites and [-] are auxiliary soldiers.The establishment of the Suwei army selected [-] people from the powerful family of good bow horses, and they were named "Six Classes in the Royal Garden". You can control the tribal leaders and nobles.

Set up twelve supervisory divisions
Party rulers recruited troops and used silver medals to summon the leaders of various tribes to be restrained. The tribal leaders commanded their own soldiers, which was called "Yi Liu".According to the location of the soldiers of each tribe, Yuan Hao set up twelve supervisory divisions (equivalent to today's military region), namely: Zuoxiang Shenyong, Shizhou Xiangyou, Youzhou Jianing, Weizhou Jingsai, Xishou Baotai, Zhuoluo Henan, Youxiang Chaoshun, Ganzhou Gansu, Guazhou Xiping, Heishui Town Yan, Baimaqiang Town, and Heishan Weifu. "The armies also have a commander, a deputy commander, and an envoy to supervise the army. The nobles and nobles lead the position on the right, and there are dozens of command envoys, coach envoys, and guards on the left and right, regardless of whether they are Fan Han. "

expand territory
In the sixth year of Tiansheng of the Song Dynasty (1028), Li Yuanhao led his troops to attack the Uighur regime in Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu). Yuanhao was 24 years old this year.The Uyghur regime centered in Ganzhou and the Tibetans occupying Xiliang were both allies of the Song Dynasty who were able to contact and control the party. In order to consolidate and develop the Xixia regime, Li Deming, the father of Yuan Hao, first adopted the strategy of capturing the Hexi Corridor and led it to Zi Yuanhao took on the important task of attacking the west.After Yuan Hao accepted the important task of attacking the Uighurs in the west, he adopted the tactic of surprise attack, which prevented the Uighur Khan from mobilizing his troops and Ganzhou City was captured.After that, summer fell in Guazhou (now Anxi, Gansu) and Shazhou (now Dunhuang, Gansu).Yuan Hao was canonized as prince by Li Deming because of this outstanding military exploit.Then Yuan Hao followed his father's intention and took advantage of the situation to break through Xiliang and succeeded in one fell swoop while leading his army back to the division.

In the first year of Ming Dao (1032), after Yuan Hao succeeded to the throne, Song wanted to use the power of Ji Siluo to contain Yuan Hao, so he appointed Jiao Siluo as the general of Ningyuan and the training envoy of the Aizhou regiment.Wen Buqi was granted the title of naturalized general.In the second year, he went to Fengjiaosiluo to stay behind for the Baoshun Army's Jiedu observation.At the beginning of Yuan Hao's establishment, he was actively preparing to proclaim himself an emperor and establish a country. In order to consolidate the rear and punish Jiao Siluo for returning to the Song Dynasty, he launched an attack on the Hehuang area of ​​Tubo.

In the second year of Mingdao (1033), Yuan Hao defeated the tribe of Tubo Gusiluo (Guyingu) and broke through Yak City.In the first year of Yuanhao Daqing (the third year of Song Jingyou, 1036), he attacked the Uighurs from the west, captured Guazhou, Shazhou and Suzhou, and occupied the Hexi Corridor.The ruled domain is "Yellow River in the east, Yumen in the west, Xiaoguan in the south, and the desert in the north", including Xia, You, Yin, Hui, Sui, Jing, Ling, Yan, Sheng, Wei, Ding, Yonghe, Gan, and Liang. , Gua, Sha, Su and other states of the vast area.

经济
An important reason why Li Yuanhao founded the country and proclaimed himself emperor was that the development of Xixia's social economy was the material basis. The reason why Xixia's social economy achieved relatively rapid development and completed the transformation to feudalism in a short period of time was because of the efforts of Li Yuanhao and Li Yuanhao. It is inseparable from strengthening economic ties with the Central Plains, absorbing the advanced economic system of the Central Plains, and changing the original social and economic structure of Xixia.The center of Xia Kingdom is located in the prosperous Yinchuan Plain on both sides of the upper reaches of the Yellow River. "Ningxia is rich in the Yellow River in the world" is the honorary name for this area in history.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yuan Hao built a water conservancy project spanning more than 200 miles from Qingtongxia to Pingluo County on the basis of dredging the original channels. Later generations called it "Haohuang Canal" or "Lihuang Canal". The ruins of the ditch still exist today. The construction of the "Haowang Canal" and other works made the area around the capital Xingqing Mansion one of the main grain production bases of the Xia Kingdom. Yuan Hao also set up a "Farmland Department" in the national organization to manage agriculture.

The Dangxiang people have always relied on animal husbandry as their economic foundation. After Yuan Hao captured the Gansu and Liang areas of the Hexi Corridor, which had been known as "animal husbandry in the world" since ancient times, the foundation for the development of the animal husbandry economy was even stronger.The famous "Dangxiang horse" and other livestock and livestock products are the main commodities traded and exchanged between the Dangxiang people and the Han nationality areas.Frequent wars, large consumption and loss of livestock, it is difficult to maintain without the development of animal husbandry.Because animal husbandry has a special status in the society of the Dangxiang tribe, Li Yuanhao attaches great importance to it. In order to continue to develop the traditional economy of the nation, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, a group animal husbandry department specializing in national animal husbandry was established.

People
Li Yuanhao internally implemented the ethnic policy of uniting Yefan, Fanqiang and Qiang, and consolidated and expanded the ruling foundation.In the area ruled by the Dangxiang regime, there are many ethnic groups such as Qiang (Dangxiang), Han, Fan (Yefan), Huique, Tata (Mongolia), Khitan, etc. Among them, Dangxiang and Yefan have the closest relationship. "

In terms of the guiding ideology of governance, Li Yuanhao abandoned the "propriety and righteousness" thought of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and adopted the utilitarian thought adapted to the status quo of the party society and the "rule of law" theory of the pre-Qin legalists.

外交
Liao Song Policy
The foreign policy of the Yuanhao period was different from the consistent alliance with the Liao Dynasty against the Song Dynasty during the Jiqian period, and also different from the peaceful coexistence with the Song and Liao Dynasty during the Deming period. Instead, it was based on actual interests and adaptable.Compete against Song, Liao, and regard the two countries as "thinking of similarities and differences between their strengths and weaknesses".This is a very flexible foreign policy.After Yuan Hao succeeded to the throne, he married Liao and received the title of Liao.Once the two countries had a dispute over the issue of party defection and war, Yuan Hao immediately sought peace after inflicting heavy losses on the Liao Dynasty and restored the friendship between the two countries.When dealing with the Song Dynasty, he formed an alliance with the Liao Dynasty, had nothing to fear, and brazenly launched a war of attack and plunder.

When Yuan Hao saw that Liao was profiting from betraying Xia's interests, he immediately decided to make peace with Song and made concessions to Song on the issue of status that he had always insisted on.This step not only freed Yuan Hao from the predicament caused by the long-term war that he had long wanted to end, but also prevented the Liao Dynasty from sacrificing the Xia Kingdom in order to obtain economic benefits from the Song Dynasty, and the Xia Kingdom would be attacked from both sides; compromising with the Song Dynasty, The peace talks between the two countries can also get economic benefits from Song Dynasty, which can be said to kill three birds with one stone.

war song dynasty
Main articles: Battle of Sanchuankou, Battle of Haoshuichuan, Battle of Dingchuanzhai
The battle of Sanchuankou (now northwest of Yan'an, Shaanxi).In March of the third year of Yanzuo's reign (the third year of Song Baoyuan, 1040), Yuan Hao began to attack the Song Dynasty because he was not recognized as emperor.Yuan Hao led an army to attack Jinmingzhai (now south of Ansai, Shaanxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and at the same time sent a letter to Fan Yong, the magistrate of Yanzhou (now Yan'an, Shaanxi) in the Song Dynasty, expressing his willingness to negotiate peace with Song Dynasty, creating false appearances, and paralyzing Fan Yong.Fan Yongxin thought it was true, and immediately wrote to the court, and relaxed his defense against Yanzhou.In July of the same year, Yuan Hao sent a large army to surround Yanzhou.Song Dynasty generals Liu Ping and Shi Yuansun were ordered to reinforce.When they arrived at Sanchuankou (now northwest of Yan'an, Shaanxi), they were attacked by the Xixia army and surrounded by the Xixia army.

Liu and Shi led the army to fight hard with the Xia army, and the Xixia army suffered heavy losses.But because they were outnumbered, they had to retreat to the hillside near Sanchuankou.Xixia has reinforced a large number of troops.Yuan Hao wrote many times to persuade Liu Ping to surrender, but Liu Ping would rather die than surrender.Finally, the Xixia army stormed the hillside where the Song army was stationed.Due to the small number of Song troops, Liu Ping and Shi Yuansun were captured.Later, due to Song general Xu Dehuai's surprise attack on Yuan Hao, the Xixia army was forced to withdraw from the territory of the Song Dynasty, and the siege of Yanzhou was eased.

In February of the fourth year of Yanzuo's reign (the first year of Song Qingli, 1041), Li Yuanhao led 10 troops to go south from Zhejiang to the Haoshuichuan area.In order to take advantage of the cavalry, Li Yuanhao adopted the tactics of ambush, encirclement and annihilation. He ambushed the main force at the mouth of Haoshui River and sent a force to Huaiyuan City (today's remote town of Xiji County, Ningxia) to lure the Song army into an ambush.When Han Qi heard that Xia's army was coming to attack, he ordered Ren Fu to lead tens of thousands of troops at Huanqing Road's deputy capital.On February [-]th, the Song Army was attacked by Xia Qi before it formed a line.After a fierce battle for a long time, the Song army was in chaos, trying to resist according to danger.The Xia army suddenly set up a banner of more than two feet in the formation, waved left and right, waved right and right, condescending, flanking left and right, the Song army suffered many casualties, and Ren Fuzhan died.After Xia Jun won, he heard that Song Huanqing and Qin Fenglu sent troops to help, so he returned to his division.

In the fifth year of Yanzuo's reign (the second year of Qingli in the Song Dynasty, 1042), Li Yuanhao's adviser Zhang Yuan came to him with advice.It is believed that all the elite soldiers and generals of the Song Dynasty gathered in the border areas of Song and Xia, while the military strength in the Guanzhong area of ​​the Song Dynasty was very weak. If the Xixia army contained the troops in the border areas of the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had no time to estimate the Guanzhong area, then it could send a powerful force to take advantage of the opportunity. They marched straight into the Guanzhong Plain and captured Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).Yuan Hao adopted Zhang Yuan's suggestion and sent 10 troops in two groups to attack the Song Dynasty on a large scale.

All the way from Liu Xunbao (now Longde, Ningxia), and all the way from Pengyang City (now southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia) to attack Weizhou.Song General Wang Yanzhi hurriedly sent Ge Huaimin and others to reinforce Liu Xunbao. The Song Army fell into the siege of the Xixia Army in Dingchuan Village (northwest of Guyuan, Ningxia today). The Song Army was defeated. Ge Huaimin and other 15 generals died in battle. Nearly [-] Song soldiers were wiped out.But on the other side of Xixia, they encountered the tenacious resistance of Jingtai, the governor of Yuanzhou (now Zhenyuan, Gansu) in the Song Dynasty, and the entire army of Xixia soldiers was wiped out.The dream of Li Yuanhao, Emperor Jingzong of the Western Xia Dynasty, to go straight to Guanzhong was shattered.

The Song Army was defeated in all three battles, which terrified the Song Dynasty, and they claimed to fight again but actually wanted to negotiate a peace.Xixia also won disastrously in all three battles, and the plunder and gains could not cover the consumption in the war.In addition, Yuan Hao fought for years, and the national treasury was empty. After the civil trade of Song and Xia was interrupted, prices in Xixia rose, and the people were very miserable and complained.And various reasons such as the conflict between Xixia and Liao, and finally had to negotiate with the Song Dynasty.In the seventh year of Yanzuo (the fourth year of Song Qingli, 1044), Xixia and Northern Song Dynasty reached an agreement.Regulations: Xixia proclaimed a minister to Song and canceled the title of emperor. Yuan Hao accepted the title of Song and called him the lord of Xia; 5 taels of silver, 13 bolts of silk, and 2 catties of tea were given to Xixia.Song Renzong agreed to Yuan Hao's request, so Song Xia formally reached a peace agreement, known as the "Qingli Peace Agreement" in history.

culture
Respect the old customs, implement the bald hair Yuan Hao to enforce the party's traditional hair style, and ban the Chinese custom hair knot.

The ritual and music system is different from that of the Han nationality.

Creation of the national language (Xixia).

The Fan and Han Yuyuan were established, and Xia characters were respected.

Establish Tibetan studies and cultivate Party governance talents.

(End of this chapter)