The New Biography of Han Lingdi

Chapter 86
At present, Liu Hong's major changes are also obvious. He has made some changes according to the pattern of several dynasties in later generations, and also made corresponding changes according to possible problems.

The basic structure is still the system of three provinces and six ministries. The origin of the system of three provinces and six ministries is relatively early, but it began to be generally constructed in the Sui Dynasty. It was finalized in the Tang Dynasty. Although the system is somewhat different in later generations, it is basically based on the three provinces and six ministries system Patches made.

As a feudal society, the emperor is the real boss, and what Liu Hong set up also put the emperor in the supreme position.First of all, the emperor has one vote of veto power, but only veto power, no one can promote a plan if he wants to, but Liu Hong can directly veto their proposals.

This is the same as the one-vote veto power of the five permanent members of the later generations.In later generations, Japan wanted to abolish Russia's one-vote veto power, but was vetoed by Russia with one-vote veto power.Liu Hong's veto power is also because of this.

There are three departments that serve Liu Hong. The first one is the Imperial College. Needless to say, those who accompany Liu Hong to study are the eunuchs in the Imperial Palace. Of course, Liu Hong also handed over the entire palace property to the Imperial Palace.But the inner court is divided into two parts, one is the left courtyard and the other is the right courtyard.

The right courtyard manages the eunuchs and maids in the palace.As well as serving Liu Hong, the left court is responsible for managing all the properties of the palace, because the palace also has some properties, and the money from outside goes directly to the inner court.The Chamber of Internal Affairs is equivalent to the most powerful department in the palace except for the emperor.

The next step is Zongzheng Temple. Zongzheng Temple has been completely weakened during this major reform process. It is a department responsible for managing members of the royal family, as well as rewards and punishments for royal officials, and nothing else is ignored.This is also Liu Hong's weakening of Liu Chong.

These are the three departments that serve Liu Hong. Basically, except for the Chamber of Internal Affairs, the other two do not have much real power.

There are also several departments that are independent of the normal operation channels of the imperial court.

The system of two halls and one pavilion, the two halls are the University of Baohe Palace, the University of Wenhua Palace, and the University of Baohe Palace are retired senior officials. In order to show his kindness, Liu Hong will give a vacancies, which is the retirement club, The Wenhua Palace is where some great Confucians of the time completed the books needed by the imperial court and the compilation of Han history.

The first pavilion refers to the Wenyuange University Bachelor, Liu Hong's advisor, which is the inner court. Wenyuange is responsible for assisting government affairs as an advisor, but has no decision-making power, only the right to make suggestions.

Yushitai is responsible for the management of corruption and crimes. It is independent of the official system. Only Liu Hong controls and restrains it. Guozijian is responsible for giving lectures to outstanding students.Children from poor families are allowed to enter, but an exam is required.

Next is the entire Moon Palace, the system of three provinces and nine departments. Historically, there were three provinces and six departments, but some departments had too much power, so Liu Hong divided them.Even Liu Hong, who was supposed to be an independent department, was added to the Nine Departments.It is more efficient,
The three provinces, the Zhongshu Province, the cabinet, the Menxia Province, and the Zhongshu Province are responsible for drafting orders, the Menxia Province is responsible for issuing orders, and the cabinet is responsible for the implementation of specific arrangements. If the cabinet is proposed, it needs to be submitted to the emperor. The emperor arranges for the Zhongshu Province to draft and the Menxia Province promulgates , the three provinces belong to different systems.each independently.

The cabinet currently arranged by Liu Hong is a nine-member system, arranged according to ranking.The nine subordinate departments are the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Agriculture.

The boss of each department is called Shangshu, and then the doctor. The boss of each department is called the chief.

The Ministry of Rites is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of later generations. Now there are two departments under the Ministry of Rites. Once the yamen is arranged here, it is basically equivalent to being thrown into the cold palace.

The Ministry of War is in charge of weapons, the transfer of soldiers and horses, and the promotion of generals. There are three departments under it. Zhifang Temple is responsible for the promotion and relegation of military generals. There are three departments: the staff department, the Jiama department, and the Treasury department.

The Ministry of Industry is responsible for undertaking projects. The following four departments are the headquarters of the Ministry of Industry, the Shaofu Supervisor, the general supervisor, and the Dushui Supervisor. a prison, and then make overall plans for the construction, and the other three departments are responsible for specific types of construction.

The Ministry of Punishments, three departments, the headquarters of the Ministry of Punishment, Dali Temple, and the Law Office.Among them, the headquarters of the Criminal Ministry and Dali Temple are the real power departments, and the law office is basically a Qingshui yamen.

There are three departments under the household department, the household department headquarter, the degree branch department, and the finance department.

The Ministry of Officials is responsible for the appointment and removal of officials. The Headquarters of the Ministry of Officials is responsible for the evaluation of officials. The Kaogong Temple is responsible for checking the merits and mistakes of officials.The Ministry of Officials is a department with real power.In order to improve the efficiency of officials, Liu Hong began to decide to use the official evaluation system. There are three levels of grades: upper, middle and lower. If they are inferior for three consecutive years, they will be directly reprimanded.

These are the orthodox six in history, but Liu Hong added three more for profit distribution.

The Ministry of Commerce, under the Ministry of Commerce, there is the headquarters of the Ministry of Commerce. This agreement is responsible for the national commercial tax collection. There is also a Chamber of Commerce under the Ministry of Commerce, which is the embryonic form of state-owned enterprises.The Ministry of Commerce is also a tool for the court to make money.

The Ministry of Agriculture is to formulate the lunar calendar and arrange the farming time. There are two departments, the headquarters of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Grain.In case of a rainy day.

There are two departments of the Ministry of Medicine, one is the headquarters of the Ministry of Medicine and the other two departments of the Tai Hospital. The headquarters of the Medical Department is responsible for the evaluation of doctors all over the world. The Chamber of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Medicine are united and managed.

This is the basic system, which is very different from the history. For example, most of the positions of Jiuqing are now in the inner court. It is impossible to give Jiuqing such a good position. High-ranking but incompetent people will be taken down, and Liu Hong will not allow them to continue to exist.

(End of this chapter)