From University Lecturer to Chief Academician

"When did we have such high-end technology?"

"What exactly is a perfect ignition technology? If there is such a technology, it will directly solve a big problem!"

"Ignition is really important."

"It is said to be 'perfect', can this technology achieve deuterium-deuterium ignition?"

"Is that unlikely?"

"What kind of technology, what is the specific principle?"

"..."

After Mr. Xu nodded in approval of Tang Jianjun's statement, the scholars in the audience were full of discussions, and they were really surprised.

The ignition of nuclear fusion is one of the biggest problems.

They couldn't think of any ignition technology that could be called 'perfect', and they couldn't help discussing all of them. The scholars who were able to participate in the meeting had a very high level of ability.

soon.

Some scholars thought of the annihilation force field, "It can be called a perfect ignition technology, there can only be two directions, one is the superconducting direction, using superconducting technology to create an unimaginably high magnetic field, and connecting it with other technologies to achieve ignition ..."

"The other direction is more likely, that is, a strong annihilation force field, which can greatly increase the activity of instances."

"I think this technology is likely to be controlled by the strong annihilation force field. The outer layer of the annihilation force field container has a strong annihilation force field. Can it make the strong annihilation force field shrink inward?"

"After the reaction is excited, then control the outward diffusion..."

The idea has come very close.

Those scholars who don't know about f-rays certainly can't imagine that a strong annihilation force field can be excited by rays.

Some scholars who know about f-rays will not say much even though they know its high degree of secrecy.

Scholars are talking about it.

The atmosphere at the venue became visibly active.

Before the meeting started, most scholars just regarded it as an exchange meeting, rather than a very formal engineering project demonstration meeting, because they were not optimistic about the research of controllable nuclear fusion.

Since most people are not optimistic about it, the research on controllable nuclear fusion cannot be carried out naturally.

They only regard it as an academic exchange meeting.

When you come here to attend the conference, you can communicate with other scholars, and some familiar people get together to have a good time.

etc.

It's different now.

A "perfect" nuclear fusion ignition technology solved a major difficulty in nuclear fusion research, and they suddenly felt that the nuclear fusion research project still had hope.

Many people are also serious.

The ignition technology of nuclear fusion is indeed very important. It sounds like just ignition, but it is not easy to achieve the ignition conditions.

Ignition is to make the nuclear fusion reaction self-sustaining. The conventional method is to heat the deuterium and tritium plasma to more than 100 million degrees Celsius.

In addition to high temperatures, high pressures need to be provided to increase the probability of collisions between light nuclei.

It is generally believed that to achieve ignition conditions, deuterium and tritium plasma needs to be compressed to about 10^20 atoms per cubic meter, which is equivalent to compressing one kilogram of matter to the size of an egg.

If it is the reaction of deuterium and deuterium, the requirements for ignition are even higher, and the minimum temperature needs to be one billion degrees Celsius.

Scholars heard about the new technology and felt confident.

After the venue became a little quieter, Tang Jianjun continued to talk. He skipped the ignition technology and talked about "Magnetic Field Environment Creation and Reaction Control".

This question contains a lot.

If you make a simple summary, it can be understood as an argument made to achieve energy output greater than input.

Another major difficulty in controllable nuclear fusion is 'realizing output greater than input'.

This is also the basic engineering goal of nuclear fusion research. Only when the goal of output greater than input can be achieved, all research discussions will be meaningful.

The research on "realizing output greater than input" can be traced back to the Lawson criterion proposed in the 1950s.

Some assumptions were used in the derivation of the Lawson criterion, but the connotation revealed by it is already obvious. If the output is greater than the input, the key influencing factors are density, temperature and constraint time.

This is related to the tokamak device.

In the complete magnetic confinement environment of the tokamak device, the strength of the magnetic field determines the upper limit of density and temperature, and the size of the device determines the upper limit of the confinement time.

Then whether the output can be greater than the input, the decisive factors are the 'magnetic field strength' and 'device size'.

The "Magnetic Field Environment Manufacturing and Reaction Control" mentioned by Tang Jianjun is an explanation of the existing basic technologies, including superconducting materials, first-order iron materials, and high magnetic fields supported by corresponding materials.

In short, the key lies in the material.

The scholars in the venue understood that, simply put, with the support of first-order materials, superconducting material technology has been greatly improved, and it can produce higher-intensity magnetic fields.

In addition, the manufacturing technology of magnetic field generation has also improved.

On the research and development of upgraded superconducting materials, Tang Jianjun only gave a brief introduction. After all, he is not an expert in the field of materials.

After Tang Jianjun finished his part, he left time for Zhao Jiarong.

Zhao Jiarong is the deputy director of the Superconducting Materials Research Center, and he introduced the latest achievements of the Superconducting Materials Research Center.

"Our research has discovered a new type of superconducting material, named CWF-021, which can carry a very high current, probably more than three times that of niobium-titanium alloy."

"In addition, through a series of experiments, we believe that replacing the carbon element in it with first-order carbon will make CWF-021 have a stronger melting point and toughness."

"This area is still being studied..."

"..."

The report made by Zhao Jiarong was also very shocking.

The superconducting material used in many strong magnetic field generators is niobium-titanium alloy. The upper limit of current intensity carried by niobium-titanium alloy is very high, which means that the excited magnetic field intensity is high.

Now a new material has been developed, and the upper limit of the current intensity carried is more than three times higher than that of niobium-titanium alloy, which means that the magnetic field intensity that can be produced will be much higher.

This breakthrough in material technology can lay a solid foundation for nuclear fusion research.

After Zhao Jiarong finished his report, the venue gave the scholars a break for discussion, and then Wang Hao stepped onto the stage under the attention of everyone.

The venue suddenly fell silent.

Many people are looking forward to Wang Hao's speech. Wang Hao must be one of the project leaders and the most influential scientist in the world.

They all wanted to know what Wang Hao would say.

Wang Hao was also prepared to speak. A PPT appeared on the big screen, but the title only had four words - "Reaction Vessel".

"What I'm talking about is the reaction vessel."

"Everyone should know that the nuclear fusion research we demonstrate will use the annihilation force field technology. The annihilation force field technology combined with the tokamak device is the most suitable container for nuclear fusion reactions."

"However, many people's understanding of this is very simple, so I will talk about it seriously here."

Wang Hao quickly entered the topic, "We created a strong annihilation force field, and the outer layer uses magnetic interference means, which is similar to the magnetic confinement method of the tokamak..."

"This magnetic interference method can also be superimposed with the magnetic generation device of the tokamak."

"It is a set of magnetic field equipment, which can be used to interfere with the strong annihilation force field, and can also be used to restrain the internal nuclear fusion reaction."

"That's one of those things."

"Also, we don't need the full magnetic confinement of the tokamak..."

He got to the point.

This sentence made many scholars stare wide-eyed. International research on nuclear fusion is all about the tokamak device, and the tokamak device is completely magnetically confined, that is, the helical magnetic field forms a closed loop.

Now Wang Hao said that there is no need for 'complete magnetic confinement', which is equivalent to saying that there is no need for a 'closed-loop magnetic field'.

This is a brand new technical theory.

Wang Hao said seriously, "My idea is to use the vacancy of the magnetic confinement as the main output of the device. If there is a vacancy of the magnetic confinement, it will definitely bear a lot of pressure."

"However, inside the device is an anti-gravity field."

"As we all know, a strong anti-gravity field can reduce the activity of particles by at most one time, and the reaction speed can be reduced by three times, or even more than four times."

"In this way, we can control the rate of the internal fusion reaction by adjusting the strength of the internal antigravity field."

"The outer layer has a strong annihilation force field that absorbs energy."

"The output end has to bear a lot of pressure. The impact of neutrons and the impact of alpha particles are all problems, so it needs to be combined with high-end materials..."

"Professor Ding Zongquan's team has developed an iron-tungsten material with high melting point and toughness. The melting point reaches 4380 degrees Celsius..."

The follow-up is the introduction of materials and other technologies.

Wang Hao's introduction to the reaction vessel is mainly to explain the coordinated control of the magnetic field, anti-gravity field and strong annihilation force field on the nuclear fusion reaction.

He also came up with the idea of ​​'imperfect magnetic confinement'.

The tokamak device uses a magnetic field to completely control the reaction, and at the same time, it also brings a series of problems.

For example, temperature control.

For example, the problem of raw materials.

The complete magnetic confinement of the tokamak limits the reaction rate, making the deuterium-deuterium reaction 'almost impossible', but ignition is a big problem.

Now that the ignition problem has been solved, the rest is the reaction efficiency problem.

Deuterium-deuterium reaction is the best choice for nuclear fusion.

The reason is simple. There is almost no natural tritium in nature, and the cost of artificial production is high and the output is extremely limited.

Deuterium is not restricted and exists in large quantities in seawater.

The reason why nuclear fusion can be called an infinite energy source is because the deuterium in seawater is almost "infinite" to human beings.

Another advantage of the design of "imperfect magnetic confinement" is that it solves the alpha particle problem.

Nuclear fusion reactions produce alpha particles.

Alpha particles are charged particles that are naturally affected by magnetic fields.

In a fully magnetically confined environment, alpha particles are another impurity that needs to be removed, otherwise it will reduce the fusion reaction rate.

In the "imperfect magnetic confinement" environment, the magnetic field will "have an exit", and the α particles can be discharged.

...

The morning meeting is over.

The enthusiasm of every participating scholar was mobilized, and they continued to discuss the content of the meeting, including perfect ignition technology, breakthroughs in superconducting material technology, and Wang Hao's "imperfect magnetic confinement" design idea.

"Although there are still many difficulties that need to be overcome, the realization of 'imperfect magnetic confinement' will solve most of the problems, and the main core direction has been established."

"'Imperfect magnetic confinement' will also bring new problems, and the pressure on the output port will be very large."

"Even with an anti-gravity field and a strong annihilation force field, it is difficult to achieve conventional output..."

"The high-explosive energy inside is concentrated at the exit..."

"..."

In the process of continuous discussion among scholars, the topic quickly turned to the most critical material technology.

Many technical problems can be solved with high-end materials, but material technology is one of the most difficult fields, and it is very difficult to make a series of breakthroughs.

Even though there are still many technical difficulties, scholars have more confidence in the argument.

Now it is only the first demonstration meeting, and many problems have been solved. Continue to study and conduct demonstrations, and some problems may have solutions.

That's what the argument is for.

For a large-scale engineering research project, a very detailed demonstration must be done to ensure that the research will not encounter insurmountable technical problems.

The afternoon meeting continued with the report.

At this time, other experts and scholars also spoke, and some people raised questions, such as the energy conversion of the output port.

The output of nuclear fusion is also a big problem.

From the perspective of output, the efficiency of converting neutron energy into usable thermal energy is limited, and the efficiency of thermal power generation itself is very low.

How to maximize the power output is the content that must be demonstrated in detail.

Some problems were raised, some problems were solved, and new problems emerged, but in any case, the meeting achieved the desired effect.

After the meeting is over, there will be three days of follow-up discussions.

During this period of time, it is for scholars to discuss and exchange.

Wang Hao sat with Mr. Xu, and they continued to talk about the research project of nuclear fusion, but the content was not about technical issues.

Teacher Xu wanted to gain some confidence. He smiled wryly, "Wang Hao, the nuclear fusion project is really too difficult. I never thought that I would be able to be responsible for the demonstration of this kind of project in my lifetime."

He kept scratching his scalp as he spoke.

Teacher Xu is really under a lot of pressure.

The nuclear fusion project is so important that every high-level decision-maker will pay attention to it. He is the direct person in charge of the project demonstration and also has the decision-making power to start the project.

If the decision is made to formally launch the project, the pressure can become even greater.

If the research is successful, history will naturally record a strong stroke; otherwise, it will be a major decision-making mistake in his personal career.

All the responsibilities are taken by Mr. Xu.

Relatively speaking, Wang Hao is not under any pressure. To put it bluntly, he is just a scholar, no matter how influential he is, he is only a scholar, and he does not have the decision-making power to start the project.

If the controllable nuclear fusion technology can be successfully researched, Wang Hao's leading project research must be the biggest contributor.

On the contrary, if the research fails, Mr. Xu is responsible.

Hearing Mr. Xu's complaint, Wang Hao couldn't help but smiled, "Don't worry. If the argument can pass, there must be no problem with the research."

"This, I still have confidence."

"I also know that you are under a lot of pressure...but those who are able do more work, this is what you told me..."

Teacher Xu could only nod depressingly.

He said that those who are capable will work harder, hoping that Wang Hao will do more research and make more contributions to the national scientific cause.

I switched to myself...

Able people should do more work?

Now it's the capable ones who are responsible!