I Have a Little Black Hole

After laughing and arguing with Kuafu, Lei Tiantang finally accepted to study all the materials Kuafu prepared for him. After all, this knowledge is just a little more, and the real learning difficulty is not that big. It will be almost in more than a month, but it is impossible for him to learn this kind of knowledge all the time. After all, there are still many things he needs to pay attention to.

Take Zhao Junxian and his talk about the company's energy consumption a few days ago. Although all companies can save a lot of electricity by installing high-performance solar panels, the problem of industrial power consumption is also a problem in China and the world. A big problem in various countries, there are still many power stations using coal to generate electricity.

Although countries around the world are actively promoting the construction of nuclear power plants, problems such as large investment, long construction time, and safety are further hindering the process of nuclear power commercialization.

Therefore, Lei Tiantang will not pay attention to the upgrading and development of nuclear fission power plants. His main goals are focused on nuclear fusion power plants. Now this field is a hot industry, and capable countries and companies around the world are moving towards this. When making investments, they all think that they can start the era of nuclear fusion power generation. You must know that this industry is bred with business opportunities of ten trillion US dollars!

Unlike nuclear fission, the principle used to make atomic bombs, fusion occurs when two light atoms fuse together to form a heavier atom, producing energy in the process. Stars such as the sun release enormous amounts of energy in this way.

The advantage of nuclear fusion is that it does not emit gases that are harmful to the environment, nor does it produce nuclear waste, so there will be no accidents like a nuclear power plant meltdown. The direct fuels (deuterium and tritium) required for nuclear fusion are also readily available. Both can be obtained by electrolyzing water, with significant cost advantages.

Nuclear fusion, in which light nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium) combine into heavier nuclei (such as helium) to release enormous amounts of energy. Because chemistry is a science that studies the properties, composition, structure and laws of change at the molecular and atomic levels, while nuclear fusion occurs at the level of the nucleus, nuclear fusion is not a chemical change. Today's nuclear fusion has been divided into two aspects by scientists.

One is the thermonuclear reaction, or the fusion reaction of atomic nuclei, which is currently a promising new energy source. Fusion reactions caused by light nuclei involved in nuclear reactions, such as hydrogen (protium), deuterium, tritium, lithium, etc., obtain the necessary kinetic energy from thermal motion (see nuclear fusion). The thermonuclear reaction is the basis of the hydrogen bomb explosion, which can generate a large amount of heat energy in an instant, but it cannot be used yet.

If the thermonuclear reaction can be produced and carried out in a controlled manner according to people's intentions within a certain restricted area, the controlled thermonuclear reaction can be realized. This is a major subject of ongoing experimental research. Controlled thermonuclear reactions are the basis of fusion reactors. Fusion reactors, once successful, may provide humanity with the cleanest and inexhaustible source of energy.

The second is cold nuclear fusion, which refers to: nuclear fusion reactions carried out at relatively low temperatures (or even normal temperature). This situation is a conceptual proposal for thermonuclear fusion (thermonuclear reactions inside stars) known to exist in nature. 'assume',

This idea will greatly reduce the reaction requirements, as long as the extranuclear electrons can be freed from the shackles of the nucleus at lower temperatures, or the neutrons can be blocked or directionally output by high-intensity, high-density magnetic fields at higher temperatures, It is possible to use more common and simpler equipment to produce controlled cold nuclear fusion reactions, while also making polynuclear reactions safer.

However, cold nuclear fusion is only a kind of advanced technology in science fiction movies. At present, there are no conditions for research on earth, so Lei Tiantang mainly focuses on thermonuclear fusion, which is being developed by everyone in the world.

Kuafu, display and introduce all the information you have collected about nuclear fusion! I'll take a look at the specific situation! After the discussion about nanorobots, he and Kuafu entered the next project - nuclear fusion generate electricity.

Boss, there are mainly two nuclear fusion methods currently used internationally, one is a tokamak device using magnetic confinement.

A tokamak is a circular vessel that uses magnetic confinement to achieve controlled nuclear fusion. Its name Tokamak comes from toroidal (toroidal), vacuum chamber (kamera), magnetism (magnit), coil (). It was originally invented in the 1950s by Azimovich et al. at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, Soviet Union.

At the center of the tokamak is a ring-shaped vacuum chamber with coils wound around it. When electrified, a huge helical magnetic field is generated inside the tokamak, which heats the plasma to a very high temperature to achieve the purpose of nuclear fusion.

While this fusion reaction is close to success under laboratory conditions, it is far from reaching industrial applications. Hundreds of billions of dollars are needed to build a tokamak fusion device. Of course, boss, if you use that kind of ability to make equipment that I can't understand, you certainly don't need such a high price.

Another way to achieve nuclear fusion is inertial confinement. Inertial confinement nuclear fusion is a mixture of several milligrams of deuterium and tritium gas or solid, into a small ball about a few millimeters in diameter. The laser beam or particle beam is uniformly injected from the outside, and the spherical surface evaporates outward due to absorbing energy, and the inner layer of the spherical surface is squeezed inward by its reaction (the reaction force is an inertial force, which constrains the gas, so it is called inertial constraints).

Just as the gas of a jet plane is pushed back and pushes the plane forward, the gas in the pellet is squeezed and the pressure rises, which is accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature. When the temperature reaches the required ignition temperature (probably several billion degrees), the gas in the pellet explodes, producing a lot of heat.

This explosion process is very short, only a few picoseconds (a pico is equal to one trillionth of a trillion). If such explosions occur three or four times per second and continue continuously, the energy released is equivalent to a million kilowatt-scale power station.

Although it is so simple in principle, the power that can be achieved by existing laser beams or particle beams is still dozens or even hundreds of times less than what is needed. In addition to various other technical problems, inertial confinement nuclear fusion Still elusive.

Of course, some of the problems here may be solved. At that time, we will have two models of nuclear fusion reactors. The specific research plan still needs to be considered by the boss. If there is nothing to learn from, I still have no way to design it. of!

Kuafu briefly introduced the method of nuclear fusion implementation, and he introduced the catalogue information on the computer that also has many pages.