I Have a Research Support System

Tuesday morning, material one 216.

Yesterday, Xuemei's first batch of stacked devices achieved a final efficiency of 16.85%, which is only one step away from 17%.

Therefore, today everyone is very concerned about Xu Qiu's second batch of devices, wondering if he can make a breakthrough and increase the efficiency to 17% in one fell swoop.

Xu Qiu put on the protective equipment and entered the evaporation glove box.

There was a crowd of people around him, besides Han Jiaying and Mo Wenlin, Wu Feifei, Sun Wo, Tian Qing and the others also ran over to join in the fun.

Xu Qiu's performance was relatively calm, because he had gone through the simulation laboratory in advance and learned the specific conditions of this batch of devices, so everything was under control.

He skillfully opened the evaporation chamber, took out the device, connected the lines, turned on the source meter, simulated the sun light source, ran the software, and started the test.

After more than half a minute, the current and voltage numbers on the source meter finally stopped jumping, and the test results were displayed on the screen:

The open circuit voltage is 1.64 volts, the short circuit current density is 14.33 mA per square centimeter, and the fill factor is 73.2%.

Photoelectric conversion efficiency, 17.20%!

Seeing the result, Han Jiaying hugged Xu Qiu's arm and shook it back and forth: Brother, you really did it, 17%!

Mo Wenlin's expression was a bit inexplicable, but she also smiled and congratulated: Congratulations Xu Qiu, the publication of the Science article is getting closer~

Wu Feifei seemed to be the leader of spies sent by Wei Xingsi, she turned her head and said, Sun Wo, go and inform Mr. Wei that Xu Qiu has achieved 17% efficiency.

Okay. Sun Wo replied naively, and then went to 218.

At this time, Tian Qing interjected: Xu Qiu, you have made such a breakthrough, shouldn't you express it?

No problem, Xu Qiu was in a good mood, so he naturally didn't refuse: Today I invite everyone to drink milk tea, let's go to the newly opened 'Happy Tea', everyone can order whatever you want, don't think about saving money for me.

Okay, I can finally slaughter the big family. Tian Qing smiled and narrowed her eyes: I want to drink the new Snow Raspberry Berry Osmanthus jelly~

Fan Wentang was looking at the documents in the office outside. During this period of time, he also knew that the group was making big moves, but he was more responsible and didn't ask specifically. He just focused on improving his ability, hoping to integrate into the research group as soon as possible. in the atmosphere.

However, Fan Wentang was sitting in the office after all, and the others didn't specifically avoid him when they spoke, so some fragments of words could be heard.

For example, now that Fan Wentang has learned that Xu Qiu has achieved an efficiency of 17% in organic photovoltaic devices, his feelings are almost the same:

It's too TMDNB! This is the rhythm of CNS!

Generally, those who can send CNS during graduate school are basically senior doctoral students, and Xu Qiu is a first-year doctoral student...

Boss, it's so terrifying...

The main reason is that Fan Wentang's time in the research group was relatively short. Although he saw a lot of Xu Qiu's early work and heard about Xu Qiu's legendary deeds, after all, he did not experience it personally.

In other words, Fan Wentang has not developed an antibody to Xu Qiu's legendary deeds, and everyone else in the research team has been shocked to the point of numbness by Xu Qiu.

For example, when Tian Qing heard the news, her first thought was: Xu Qiu is going to post a big article, and I can 'extort' a cup of milk tea from him again.

Soon, Wei Xingsi got the news, and rushed over from the 218 office next door in three steps at a time, with half an unfinished apple in his mouth.

After quickly nibbling two apples, Mr. Wei threw the remaining apple core into the trash can in the office, and said to the laboratory from the air: Xu Qiu, I heard that the efficiency has exceeded 17%?

Well, 17.20%... After Wei Xingsi approached, Xu Qiu glanced at the latest results that just appeared on the computer screen, and continued to add: Oh, now the efficiency has improved a bit, reaching 17.24%.

Wei Xingsi didn't know how to express it for a while, and had mixed feelings in his heart.

Not long ago, he asked Wu Feifei's perovskite team to stop the experiment. Although it was out of trust in Xu Qiu, in fact, he was not sure in his heart that Xu Qiu would be able to break through the efficiency to 17%.

After all, the device efficiency is quite mysterious, including when he himself was doing PDI-related research at NREL, sometimes he made devices for a month, and the efficiency became lower and lower, which is a very common thing.

Every time I think I'm optimizing, it's actually reverse optimization...

Unexpectedly, when he arrived at Xu Qiu's place, it seemed that there was no bottleneck.

Just a few days later, another good news came, and the continuous breakthrough in performance did not stop.

After a while, Wei Xingsi finally calmed down and praised: Very good!

Afterwards, Wei Xingsi asked again: How will the work be arranged next? I checked and found that this year's Chinese New Year is earlier, February 1st is the Spring Festival, and today is January 11th. According to the situation, arrange the time for the research group to have a holiday.

Hmm... Xu Qiu thought for a moment, then replied, It will take about two weeks. Although it's a bit rushed, it should be done.

Later, Mo Wenlin will go to NIM to send samples for third-party testing...

I'm going to test the thickness with a SEM scanning electron microscope, and draw a two-dimensional map of the film thickness of the bottom cell and top cell and the performance of the device...

Eight more batches of devices will be added...

At the same time, I will continue to modify the text and pictures of the article...

Finally, there is still a need for everyone in the group to improve the article...

Not bad, not bad, Wei Xingsi nodded, then looked around at everyone, and said, Everyone has worked hard this year and produced a lot of high-quality work. Let's work hard to do this work, and then I will give it to you this year. An extra two weeks of vacation can also allow time for the reprocessing of the glove box and the relocation of the research group.

Wow—— Wei Xingsi had just finished speaking, and cheers erupted in the research group.

Wei Xingsi saw that the encouragement effect of his cheerleader was very good, so he didn't stay any longer, chatted a little more, then turned and left.

Afterwards, everyone dispersed one after another, continuing their respective work while discussing how to spread during the month-long winter vacation.

Of course, Tian Qing is the one who discusses how to play during the holidays. The others are relatively homebound, and the extra two weeks of vacation basically means staying at home for two extra weeks.

Han Jiaying returned to the office and continued to write her article. She also had to submit this AM article before the holiday.

Xu Qiu continued to test the devices, and finally, the highest efficiency of this batch of devices reached 17.27%.

Mo Wenlin went to prepare the new third batch of laminated devices, and at the same time took the time to make an appointment for NIM testing.

Because Mo Wenlin went to NIM more times, she also became acquainted with the tester brother.

After some negotiation, she made an appointment for an urgent order. The test time will be this Friday, and the test results will be available as soon as next week.

It is better to have acquaintances, after all, no matter what the rules are, there must always be someone to handle specific affairs.

In the next few days, the main work in the experiment is to repeatedly prepare devices and obtain repeatable data.

Because Mo Wenlin was immediately sent to NIM in the capital to deliver samples, and Xu Qiu was busy editing articles. Although Wu Shengnan occasionally came to Handan to help, her focus of work was still on the Y series materials. In terms of performance, she needs to race against time to get as much data as possible before the school's public testing platform is closed.

Therefore, the burden of making devices is on the school girl's head.

Fortunately, several undergraduates finally finished their exams and returned to the laboratory one after another.

Therefore, Yin Houlang and Xu Xinjie were captured by Han Jiaying and came to help prepare the devices.

Originally, Yin Houlang bought a ticket to go home directly after the exam, but after some kind persuasion by the school girl, he finally changed the ticket to a week later.

At the same time, Fan Wentang was also sent by Xu Qiu to prepare devices. Anyway, the conditions have been explored now. Let him make devices according to the standard conditions and practice his hands. It can also improve his practical ability and relieve the pressure on some school girls. .

Mainly after observing during this period of time, Xu Qiu felt that Fan Wentang was relatively reliable, and it was time to put more burden on him.

Although Fan Wentang's name will not be mentioned in this Science article, but if he behaves well, there will be great benefits in the future.

After all, what Xu Qiu needs most is experimental ideas.

time flies……

Finally, by January 19, after ten consecutive batches of devices.

The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic laminated devices in the group is fixed at 17.36%!

Among them, the open circuit voltage is 1.64 volts, the short circuit current density is 14.35 mA per square centimeter, and the fill factor is 73.7%, basically reaching the limit of numerical fluctuations.

Coincidentally, the highest value of this efficiency is exactly the same as the result of Xu Qiu's first exploration in the simulation laboratory.

In addition, the data of ten batches of devices, after removing outliers, has an average photoelectric conversion efficiency of 17.07% and a standard deviation of 0.22%.

This shows that the results are very stable and the reliability of the data is very high, and it is not the kind of experimental phenomenon that occurs by chance.

The reason why repetitive experiments are very important is that there are always various accidents when doing experiments, which lead to abnormalities in the experimental data.

For example, when testing efficiency, if the original area of ​​0.04 square centimeters is mistakenly entered as 0.03 square centimeters, the final efficiency value will increase by 33.3%.

That is to say, if the original efficiency is 12%, it will be changed to 16% due to input errors. This gap is quite exaggerated.

If at this time, through self-repetitive experiments or third-party testing, problems can be found in time and corrected.

However, if neither repeated experiments nor third-party testing were conducted, the researchers did not notice the abnormality of the data, or they noticed the abnormality but pretended not to notice it, and finally compiled the data into an article and published it.

If you post a small article in the third and fourth districts of SCI, you may not be discovered, because such journals are generally not read by anyone.

But if it is published in top journals such as Nature and Science, many people will inevitably read it and repeat the experimental results.

If others can’t repeat it all the time, some colleagues will ask you for the original data, and as soon as you provide the original data, the colleagues will soon know that there is a problem with the data, at least there is no repeat experiment.

The final result will be considered academic fraud and then retracted by the journal.

Almost every once in a while, there will be news reports that a certain article published on the top journal of CNS has been withdrawn.

Moreover, the country is also regarded as the hardest hit area in this regard, especially in biology.

For example, they did the same experiment ten times and got ten kinds of results. Then they found a more powerful result and published it. They also claimed that they repeated the experiment ten times and got such NB results. Based on this As a result, a lot was analyzed and a very nice story was told.

It was indeed ten experiments, but the results of the ten experiments were all different...

The data may also be real, unmodified, just not reproducible...

At the same time, academic fraud is also true.

After all, the essence of publishing academic papers is to facilitate communication between different scholars.

This irreproducible result was reported as a waste of other people's time.

Basically, once this kind of retraction happens, if it is confirmed to be academic fraud, the researcher's academic career will basically come to an end, and his ID will be blocked by all journal companies.

Relatively speaking, in the field of organic photovoltaics, especially the results of ITIC non-fullerene systems, it is relatively easy to repeat.

For example, for the ITIC series materials developed by Xu Qiu, the results reported by the group are 12% and 13%.

If it is placed in other research groups, the small research group may not be able to achieve the same high efficiency as Xu Qiu because the processing technology is not optimized well enough, but generally they can achieve 10% or 11% efficiency;

However, for large research groups such as Gong Yuanjiang and Xu Zhenghong, basically after obtaining the materials, several doctors and postdoctoral fellows took turns taking turns to compare the preparation conditions in the literature. In less than a month, Xu Qiu's results were almost the same Repeat it.

At the same time, every system that breaks the world record in the field of organic photovoltaics is reported, and it is mandatory to require third-party testing, which also greatly increases the difficulty of counterfeiting.

Therefore, Xu Qiu has almost never heard of fraud in the field of organic photovoltaics, at least not in top journals.

If it is a journal in the third and fourth districts of SCI, it is hard to say.

After all, although the field of organic photovoltaics is relatively unpopular compared with perovskite and graphene, it is not so unpopular.

Articles published in the third and fourth regions of SCI in such a neutral field are likely to be inferior to those published in Chinese core journals.

Because of the Chinese core, there are still some big guys who will contribute because of ZZ tasks or other factors;

As for SCI Districts 3 and 4, the bosses basically don’t pay much attention to them, just like Wei Xingsi basically only reads articles from SCI Districts 1 and 2 and only posts articles from SCI Districts 1 and 2.

The ZZ task is easy to understand. It is necessary to increase the influence of domestic Chinese journals.

In terms of other factors, such as an article by Xu Zhenghong’s research group, it is said that they initially submitted to “Natural Energy” and were rejected, then they switched to “Joule” and were rejected again, they switched to NC and were rejected again, and AM was rejected again Rejected, and finally submitted to a journal of a Chinese core journal.

They mainly talked about the conjectures about why the performance of ADA-type non-fullerene materials such as ITIC and IDTBR is superior.

Because it is pure conjecture without much experimental data support, it is not welcomed by journal companies.

They were also unwilling to publish what they believed to be a correct conjecture in a journal worse than AM, so they simply published a Chinese core, and then sent a copy to every colleague in the domestic circle by email.

Xu Qiu also got a copy from Wei Xingsi's channel. After reading it, he found that the other party's article was well written. Judging from the language, it might have been written by Xu Zhenghong himself, or by Liang Haoxian, the small boss in his group.

The viewpoints they put forward are at least self-explanatory and instructive, but the reason why it is difficult to publish them in Nature Energy, NC, and AM is mainly due to the lack of experimental data support.

If we only mention theories, Xu Qiu can actually come up with several theories at will.

Theories used to explain the past are actually not difficult to think about, because what happened in the past has already been fixed, and theories that can predict the future are NB.

This is actually the difference between science and metaphysics.

Science can both explain the past and predict the future, while metaphysics can only explain the past, and the prediction of the future is ambiguous.

Things like yin and yang, five elements and eight trigrams, birth date and horoscope, horoscope and fate are metaphysics.

But many people are willing to believe these things, maybe they don’t believe them completely, but sometimes these things just meet people’s expectations in certain aspects.

In addition to the device data, in the past few days, Xu Qiu also tested the SEM and optical absorption spectra, drew the final version of the two-dimensional map corresponding to the film thickness and efficiency, and improved the article with other small partners.

Now, the Science article is basically polished to perfection.

Mo Wenlin returned from NIM last Friday and got the test results issued by NIM yesterday. The calibration efficiency is 17.1%, which is basically consistent with the result of 17.3% in the laboratory.

In the middle, the inspector of NIM chatted with Mo Wenlin and said: After seeing this result, I thought at first that our instrument was malfunctioning, or that the calculation of the device area was wrong. After repeated tests, I called The test team leader was asked to test together, and the result was confirmed.

They are doing testing, and they still have some understanding of the current progress in the field.

Because the devices that are usually submitted for inspection are close to the world record level, they also need to confirm the authenticity before issuing the certificate.

The previous world record for organic photovoltaics was about 14%, but now it suddenly breaks through 17%.

A one-time breakthrough of three percentage points made them have to be cautious.

In addition, the inspector also said: Originally, there were many research groups who asked us to do the efficiency calibration of organic photovoltaic devices. In the past year, because your team is too aggressive, basically only you were sent to do the inspection. Other research groups The number of visits has decreased significantly, which has had a certain impact on our revenue...

Of course, this must be polite talk.

After all, NIM is mainly responsible for instrument calibration, and organic photovoltaic efficiency calibration is only a small part. Even if it does not open all year round, it will not have a great impact on the overall business revenue.

In the evening, Xu Qiu found Wei Xingsi with the final version of the Science article.

The two had read the draft of the article many times before, and now they read it for the last time. After confirming that it was correct, they submitted the article and uploaded the original data.

After finishing the submission, Wei Xingsi took out two bottles of Yuanqi Forest soda sparkling water from the small refrigerator behind him, handed a bottle to Xu Qiu, and said with emotion: Finally, I'm done with work, and I can take a good rest. You shouldn't do anything during this period of time. Experimented...

Xu Qiu took the drink, opened it and took a sip, it tasted like peach, not bad, quite refreshing.

But he didn't answer, because according to Xu Qiu's understanding of Wei Xingsi, the other party would definitely follow up.

Sure enough, Wei Xingsi paused, and continued: Our holiday is scheduled from January 24th to February 20th. In the few days before the holiday, you and Wu Feifei need to be responsible for the future moving and the renovation of the glove box. things...

No problem. Xu Qiu nodded in response, these were all expected.

Okay, then I'll call Gong Yuanjiang and report the good news to him. After finishing speaking, Wei Xingsi immediately called Gong Yuanjiang.

Xu Qiu was not in a hurry to leave, it was also fun to stay and watch Mr. Wei show his holiness in person.

Soon, the phone was connected, Wei Xingsi turned on the speakerphone, and said hello, Hello, Yuanjiang, we just submitted the article.

The Science article, how much efficiency have you achieved now? I asked you before and refused to say it, saying that you would keep it secret... Gong Yuanjiang pretended to be dissatisfied and said: Now that the article has been submitted, you should tell me, besides I even put my name on it.

Wei Xingsi said triumphantly: 17.36%, the result of NIM's calibration is 17.1%.

How much? 17%? Gong Yuanjiang asked back in surprise, and then said: You are not giving others a way out. Originally, I wanted to show off my latest achievements. Cao Si from our group just now The device efficiency of all small molecules has reached 14%.

Following Gong Yuanjiang's words, Wei Xingsi commented: 14%, not bad.

Gong Yuanjiang couldn't hear Wei Xingsi's hidden meaning, and sighed lightly: Hey, compared with your 17%, it's still not comparable.

Haha, Wei Xingsi smiled, and then he didn't continue to show off, but changed the subject and talked about serious business: Our article has been submitted, and we need to discuss the fund application together.

Well...the application will be in March this year, Gong Yuanjiang said, Last time, I thought the integration was very good. This time, we will check each other again. If there is no problem, we can prepare the application according to the current version.

The two chatted for a few more words before hanging up the phone.

Wei Xingsi was in a very happy mood, turned his head to look at Xu Qiu, and said, We didn't have a group meeting this week, and we will hold another one before the holiday... By the way, have you bought a ticket to go home for the Chinese New Year this year, can you buy it?

I bought it, Xu Qiu replied, But I didn't get the one on January 24th. I bought the hard sleeper on January 27th.

Well...how about it, Wei Xing thought for a while, and said, Check if there is a direct air ticket to your home. If there is, buy the air ticket, and then refund the train ticket. I will reimburse the cost for you.

Okay. Xu Qiu didn't shirk.