I Have a Research Support System

In the evening, Xu Qiu returned to the Jiangwan Campus after finishing his day's classes. As soon as he put down his schoolbag in room 401S of Xiancai, he received a call from Wei Xingsi.

When Xu Qiu came to the 513 office, Wei Xingsi said straight to the point: I came to you mainly to tell you about the early graduation that I mentioned earlier...

Last night, I chatted with the deputy dean of the department, Fang Guangwu. When I mentioned your current situation, Fang Guangwu said that according to your current academic achievements, as long as you have earned enough credits and passed the defense, there is no problem in graduating two years in advance. ...

After a pause, Wei Xingsi continued: As for the matter of staying in school, because it involves a lot, I can't promise you directly, but if you can write a CNS, basically there is no big problem.

Okay. Xu Qiu nodded, it seems that Teacher Wei is still good, and he didn't say one thing with his mouth and do another behind his back.

This result was also within Xu Qiu's expectation. Fang Guangwu is the deputy dean in charge of the admissions and student affairs of the Materials Department. With his nod, Fang Guangwu is basically a sure thing about graduating early.

And if he stayed in school after graduation, Fang Guangwu would definitely not be able to decide on his own.

Because the number of teachers in a comprehensive university like Shanghai is almost saturated, so when special teachers are hired, there is a high probability that a departmental meeting will be held. It may also need to be reported to the school for review.

According to the degree of crookedness in the academic circle at this stage, it is very difficult for Qingjiao scholars to enter a top domestic university such as Shanghai University of Magic. Only by killing other equally excellent candidates can they have a chance.

But in any case, if you have a CNS first work in your hand, you can basically go sideways at the current stage of the country and beat more than 99% of green pepper scholars.

By the way, Wei Xingsi asked suddenly, I just heard from Mo Wenlin that the device efficiency has broken through 18%?

Well, specifically 18.11%, the L6-Cl: Y20 system... Xu Qiu briefly reported, and then said: I have arranged for other people to be responsible for their own experiments, and I have also started to use the template of Nature Writing an article.

Not bad! Hmm... Wei Xingsi was silent for a while, then said, This Nature...you can add a newsletter for yourself.

Xu Qiu nodded. In fact, it doesn't make much difference to him whether he adds communication or not. After all, he has the status of a writer. No matter what time it is, he can claim that this job is his job.

Marking the corresponding author is more of Wei Xingsi's recognition of Xu Qiu and an expression of goodwill. It also represents a formal change in the relationship between the two - from a teacher-student to a collaborator.

Then go get busy, Wei Xingsi handed over a box of honey grapefruit tea, and issued an order to evict the guests: Try to sort out this Nature article and throw it away before we go to the beautiful country.

Okay. Xu Qiu picked up the drink and answered.

After leaving room 513, Xu Qiu went to the neighboring laboratories 520 and 522, and found that the organic photovoltaic team was operating in an orderly manner.

The current team has been trained by Xu Qiu to be very mature. As long as the order is given, even if he is not present, it can run in an orderly manner.

This is also a bonus to some extent. Specifically, it is the engineer bonus, that is, there are many well-educated science and engineering students in China, who have strong learning ability, communication ability, and stress resistance ability.

Although for individuals, dividends are not a good adjective, because dividends are almost equal to cheap, but for groups, with dividends, they can accelerate their development.

For example, the demographic dividend mentioned earlier mainly refers to cheap labor such as migrant workers. They may earn hundreds of dollars in wages and create tens of thousands of dollars in value.

Moreover, after finally getting rich, he emptied his wallet and left the money in the reinforced concrete buildings in the city.

It is their silent dedication that made the flower growers spend 30 years, taking the road of 200 years in Western developed countries.

Now because of the popularization of basic education, the demographic dividend has almost disappeared. Educated people know a little about the theory of capital, and they will not do things like creating tens of thousands of dollars in value with a salary of a few hundred dollars.

This has led to a sharp rise in labor costs, and many factories have relocated to Southeast Asia, where education has not yet been popularized, and the demographic dividend is still there.

Fortunately, although the demographic dividend of flower growers has almost disappeared, it has caught up with a new wave of engineer dividends.

What it shows is that college students majoring in science and engineering are worthless, and many colleges and universities, chemical and pharmaceutical industries rely on this batch of cheap labor to develop rapidly.

However, the engineer bonus will always run out one day, and it also has a price.

For example, the leeks that were regarded as bonuses are about to die out now, and they don't grow small leeks anymore...

Even Yang's mother was in a hurry and shouted: Open N-children, have more children (we need new leeks); liberal arts students, Barabara, we need science students (we need new leeks); high housing prices are not conducive to population retention, not conducive to Innovation is not good for..., we..., we need new leeks.

Of course, the leek here is just a metaphor, and it does not mean praise or criticism.

After the engineer bonus is consumed, will there be new bonuses?

In fact, there is, that is, the technology dividend, which requires generation after generation of 996 and hard work during the engineer dividend period to produce technologies with continuous barriers.

In this way, through technical barriers, the sickle can be waved to other underdeveloped countries in the world to harvest their people. In other words, it is common development.

In fact, technological dividends are also the root cause of the high living standards of people in European and American countries. They are living well now, but they are actually eating off the capital accumulated by previous generations.

In addition, engineers are not necessarily college students, and trained technical secondary school students, vocational high school students, and junior college students can also use it.

This may be the reason why the country enforces the enrollment rate of 50% in junior high school and cannot repeat it—to cultivate talents early and contribute to the country earlier.

Moreover, the time span for establishing a technological dividend may be very long. It is almost impossible to go 200 years in 30 years like the demographic dividend period.

Because scientific research mainly depends on luck. If you want to improve something that depends on luck, you can only spend time slowly grinding it. After all, luck may be good occasionally, but it will not always be good.

This is the difficult situation of being a latecomer.

If you want to achieve cornering overtaking, you must have the dedication of generations, so that you have the opportunity to let future generations live a better life, and let flower growers become the lighthouses of the world.

Afterwards, Xu Qiu returned to the 401S office and began to conceive this Nature article.

The core highlight is relatively clear, that is, it has an efficiency of up to 18%, which greatly crushes the work of other colleagues in the same field.

In fact, if you just want to vote for the big sub-journal of Nature, this bright spot is almost enough, and you don't need to do more analysis.

After all, other peers are still struggling to hit 14%, and now they have reached 18%, and the gap is very wide.

However, the orthodox Nature is now being submitted for the main journal, and it is not safe to only focus on the bright spots in terms of efficiency.

You also need to tell the story well enough that the reviewers and editors think the work is so meaningful that it's worth wasting 5 pages to get it published.

At the same time, it is necessary to put forward your own views as much as possible in the article, and give your own explanation for each experimental phenomenon.

On the one hand, if you don’t explain it before submitting the manuscript, the reviewer may point it out when reviewing the manuscript, thinking it is a flaw in the article and asking you to explain it, if the editor/reviewer feels that there are too many flaws , may directly reject the manuscript.

On the other hand, Xu Qiu believes that it is necessary to show an academic point of view, whether it is right or wrong, because the truth is always more and more clear. If people are practicing Tai Chi, they are worried that the theories or opinions they put forward are Wrong, that science is very difficult to develop.

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o0O〇...

After some brainstorming, Xu Qiu roughly planned the writing idea of ​​this Nature article, with a total of four pictures.

For the first picture, Xu Qiu chooses a regular picture, a six-in-one big picture, including:

The molecular structure of L6-Cl and Y20 materials, the light absorption spectrum of materials, the fluorescence spectrum of materials, the structure of devices, the J-V curves of devices, and the EQE curves of devices.

After all, the report is about organic photovoltaic devices, and light absorption and device performance are definitely indispensable, not to mention that this work still focuses on high efficiency.

Specifically, the optoelectronic performance parameters of the best devices are:

The short-circuit current density is 26.4 mA per square centimeter, the open-circuit voltage is 0.89 volts, the fill factor is 0.77, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 18.11%.

Here, Xu Qiu intends to extend it and analyze why the performance of Y series materials is better than that of ITIC series materials.

From the point of view of molecular structure, electron-deficient nuclei containing multiple nitrogen atoms are introduced into the Y series materials to construct an ADADA structure, which replaces the ADA structure of the original ITIC series materials.

Xu Qiu speculates that an important reason for the better performance of the Y series materials is that the A unit in the center of the Y series materials provides an additional electron transport channel, which makes the Y series materials have a higher electron mobility, which is It has been verified by SCLC, CELIV and other means.

At the same time, the very high fluorescence quenching efficiency and the filling factor as high as 0.77 also prove that the charge transport performance in the current system is indeed excellent.

In addition, there is another experimental phenomenon, that is, the performance of Y series materials is greatly affected by side chain regulation, which can also provide a proof.

Like the ITIC series of ADA molecules, the electron transport channels are mainly on the A units on both sides, so fine adjustments to the side chains mainly located on the D units have little effect on the charge transport of the molecule itself.

Therefore, before Xu Qiu’s control of the side chains of ITIC series materials, there were usually major changes, such as changing the side chains of benzene rings to alkyl side chains, and synthesizing IDIC without too many fine-tuning, such as designing 6 and 8 , A side chain of 10 carbon atoms, because such a change has little effect on the performance of the material.

For the Y series of ADADA-type molecules, the electron transport channels are on both the A units on both sides and on the central A unit. If the side chain located on the D unit is slightly adjusted, it will also significantly affect the central A unit. The performance of charge transport, which in turn affects the overall charge transport performance.

In the end, Xu Qiu believes that ADADA-type non-fullerene acceptor materials can become an example of high-performance materials.

Other researchers can use this as a basis to develop other acceptor materials with similar structures and high electron mobility.

In the second picture, Xu Qiu selected several donor materials with different HOMO/LUMO energy level structures, including L2, L6, PTQ1 and other materials, matched them with Y20 acceptor materials, and listed the final device performance ,Compare.

On the one hand, it is to thank the Zang Chaojun and Lu Changjun research groups who developed the L2 and L6 materials. Without them, the efficiency of 18% is likely to be impossible. It is likely to stop at 17% like the previous stacked devices. ;

On the other hand, it also expresses a tendency to let people not study receptor materials all at once, and grasp both donor and receptor materials, and both hands must be hard.

In other words, Xu Qiu wanted to express a point: Innovation of polymer donors is also crucial for improving device performance.

At the same time, in this picture, Xu Qiu also introduced the concept of energy loss to prepare for the analysis in the following text.

In the third picture, Xu Qiu planned a semi-empirical analysis spectrum similar to the previous submission of Science. The main considerations are the impact of energy loss and fill factor on the optoelectronic performance of the device.

Here, Xu Qiu's main point is: Low energy loss and high electron mobility are the key to achieving an organic photovoltaic efficiency of more than 20%.

At the same time, Xu Qiu also listed the direction of future efforts. When the short-circuit current density reaches 27.0 mA per square centimeter, the open-circuit voltage reaches 0.926 volts, and the fill factor reaches 0.80, the photoelectric conversion efficiency will exceed 20%.

In the fourth picture, Xu Qiu is going to show some conceptual pictures in the field of organic photovoltaics, including finished product pictures of devices prepared by concepts such as flexibility, translucency, large area, and scrape coating. The main purpose is to show the advantages of the field of organic photovoltaics.

After all, a bunch of things written earlier are very professional. If it is not for colleagues in the same field, they may not understand what they are talking about at all.

Finally, put these down-to-earth and some high-end pictures, and the feeling will be different in an instant, which can add a lot of points.

In essence, scientific research is actually a kind of business.

It's not enough to just do a job, you also need to sell it, publish an article on the ground, let colleagues see it, and this is considered complete.

Most of the fields are fields that cannot be applied at this stage. In fact, it is difficult to judge the value difference between work in different fields.

At this time, it is very important to be able to package and boast about your work very well.

In a commercialized society, even the pure and clean scientific research circle will inevitably get a little bit of smoke and fire.

For example, in an article Nature published by the Department of Materials Science and Technology of Shanghai University of Science and Technology, what they make is not complicated, that is, photodeformable liquid crystal materials, but they are well packaged, and they are shown in the form of video and pictures. the results.

The text is roughly: The new liquid crystal polymer photodeformable material independently developed by us has constructed a microtube actuator with photoresponsive characteristics. On a chip of a few square centimeters, the complex flow of various liquids can be controlled by light. It meanders and even climbs, forming a new driving mechanism without external equipment. Such a water control technique can be used in many fields such as biomedical equipment, biochemical detection and analysis, microfluidic reactors, and chip laboratories. '.

In fact, is this discovery really as powerful as it says in the text? Not necessarily.

There is still a long way to go to realize the application in copywriting.

And this journey may take ten, twenty, or even fifty years, and it is very possible to even come to an end one day and find that it is a dead end.

This is the current state of research.

Even if it is the work published in Nature, looking at fifty years, more than 99% of the research is of no practical significance.

And people are betting that that 1% chance of success will happen within fifty years.

Xu Qiu once again summed up his own story line, which was relatively clear.

First, an organic photovoltaic system of up to 18% was reported.

Then, analyze how the efficiency reaches 18%.

From the perspective of the acceptor, the ADADA-type structure is adopted, which can make the electron mobility of the material higher.

From the perspective of the donor, finding a suitable donor material to match the energy level of the acceptor material can make the energy loss relatively low.

Then, looking forward to the future, how to achieve higher efficiency, such as 20%?

At this time, echoing the above two directions, the electron mobility of the acceptor material is increased and the energy loss of the system is reduced.

Finally, demonstrate the potential benefits of the field of organic photovoltaics, brag about it, and give your work a layer of gold.

...

two weeks later.

Xu Qiu completed the first draft of the Nature article according to his own ideas.

For this article, Xu Qiu is the author and correspondent.

As for the second work, it is as difficult to choose as the last Science article.

Because the workload of Han Jiaying and Wu Shengnan was quite similar this time, the two were responsible for the synthesis of materials and subsequent characterization tests.

In the end, Xu Qiu thought twice and gave the second work to the school girl.

It's not because of the special status of the school girl, but mainly because the work she does is based on the materials of other research groups, so it is not easy to publish articles, and the other Y-series materials synthesized by Wu Shengnan can be published.

From this point of view, some compensation should be made to the school girl. Of course, the compensation from the author of the article is only one aspect, and there is...

Therefore, Han Jiaying is the second author, and Wu Shengnan is the third author.

Because Mo Wenlin only participated in the preparation and testing of some devices, her contribution was not as good as that of her former and postdoctoral fellows, so she is a fourth author.

Tian Qing is the fifth author. She participated in the CELIV characterization and the processing of the pictures in the article.

Fan Wentang, Xu Xinjie, and Yin Houlang were the sixth, seventh, and eighth authors, and participated in part of the experimental work respectively.

Chen Wanqing is a nine-author, and she will participate in revising the final version of the article. After all, she is the senior who brought Xu Qiu to the beginning. Now that she has not graduated, she still has to be named.

Feng Shengdong is one of the top ten authors. He participated in the testing and analysis of TAS and TRPL. Although these characterizations and analyzes were not included in the main text, they still contributed.

Gong Yuanjiang is the 11th author. She has been credited by Mo Wenlin and will participate in the revision of the article in the future.

Wei Xingsi is a correspondent of Twelve Works.

When Xu Qiu looked at the literature published by other people, when more than a dozen or twenty authors were densely listed on it, he would be surprised that there were so many authors in their articles.

Now, he can be considered to have experienced it.

I have to say that it is quite troublesome to clearly write the names and units of so many authors.