Into Unscientific

 Chapter 707 Yang Li’s New Testament (Part 2)

ˆ “.”

 About a minute passed.

Yang Zhenning thought of something else, turned to look at Li Zhengdao, and asked:

 “What subject are you going to bet on?”

Li Zhengdao touched his chin and did not give a direct answer, but said:

“No specific topic is urgent. Let me ask you a question first. What do you think of the meta-hadron model?”

If there are outsiders present at this time, you will find the chat between the two very interesting:

There was no subject such as Lao Yang or Lao Li in their conversation. They talked about how you are doing, but neither party felt any violation at all.

Hearing Li Zhengdao’s question, Yang Zhenning quickly gave a reply this time:

“It’s very perfect and can basically explain all current particle states.”

Li Zhengdao asked again:

“Have you ever deduced the number of possible elementary particles?”

Yang Zhenning nodded again.

 He has really considered this matter.

 In the past two months, he has basically been studying the meta-hadron model. For this purpose, he also made phone calls with Gell-Mann, Heisenberg and others.

The answer he gave is basically the current unanimous view of the theoretical physics community on the meta-hadron model—this is an unprecedented new model that is sufficient to explain all phenomena related to particles that have been discovered so far.

This metahadron model even predicts some undiscovered elementary particles, such as signs of neutrino oscillations and so on.

Since the framework has been determined, it is naturally impossible for Chen Ning Yang not to deduce the number of particles within the framework.

Just like when you circle a fish pond when fishing, if you don’t drain the water and count how many fish there are, you will always feel uneasy, right?

Then Yang Zhenning blinked and quickly realized something:

“You can ask this question. It seems that you have deduced it?”

Li Zhengdao also hummed.

 Then he took out a pen from his sleeve and raised his hand to Yang Zhenning:

“During the Battle of Chibi in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Gongjin invited Zhuge Kongming to discuss a plan to defeat Cao Cao, and the two wrote down their thoughts in the book.”

“Today you and I might as well follow the example of the ancients and write down the derived number of particles on our hands. What do you think?”

Yang Zhenning took a deep look at him and nodded silently.

The confrontation between Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is indeed a classic, and it also set the key tone for the final defeat of Cao Cao - even though it was Huang Gai who proposed the fire attack in the original history.

At this time, China was as poor as the behemoth across the sea, just like the coalition forces of Sun and Liu compared to Cao Cao.

The final result of the Battle of Chibi is known to everyone. Sun and Liu defeated Cao's army with the weak and the strong, and stood firm.

 The moral of Li Zhengdao's example can be said to be intentional.

 At the same time, the relationship between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang is also very consistent with the current situation between him and Li Zhengdao.

 Mentioned earlier.

 Neither he nor Li Zhengdao is the kind of open-minded and broad-minded person.

The so-called "smiling at each other and forgetting grudges" is completely impossible to happen to them, and there is no such thing as "the conflict between Yang and Li was not that big, but was just brought up later" - anyone who knows that the two broke up after winning the Nobel Prize No one in this situation would have such illusions.

 In the later life when Xu Yun traveled through time.

Yang and Li have both reached the end of their lives, but at this age when they underestimate the past and should make up for the regrets of life, they still have no contact with each other, and they don't even want to mention each other's names.

If it hadn’t been for the impact of the meta-hadron model on Li Zhengdao’s worldview and made him realize the feelings about his family and country that he had ignored for a long time, he would never have been able to return to China with Yang Zhenning.

But on the other hand.

　　Although the two have many conflicts, they can be regarded as close friends.

 At least within the field of Chinese physics, they are the only two shining peaks.

 When people mention Lee Tsung-dao, they will inevitably mention Yang Chenning, and vice versa.

If we want to use ancient figures to describe Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning, Boya and Zhong Ziqi are too soft, ignoring the contradiction between them. Sun Bin, Pang Juan or Liu Bang and Xiang Yu are too sharp. At the same time, strictly speaking, Yang and Li should belong to Same camp.

 Only Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, a pair of historical figures, are most suitable to describe their relationship, both in terms of personal relationship and historical background.

Of course.

It is still unclear who is Zhou Yu who was angry to death, and who is Zhuge Kongming who has been the same through the ages.

Then Yang Zhenning also took out a pen from his pocket and raised it towards Li Zhengdao:

 “Sure, start writing now?”

 It’s a coincidence.

The pens in the hands of Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Li both have an "IAS" logo. This is a special pen provided by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton for chief lecturers.

Li Zhengdao quickly nodded:

"no problem."

However, just as the two were about to turn around and write, a somewhat anxious voice suddenly came from behind them:

 “Lao Yang, Lao Li!”

Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning were startled for a moment, and simultaneously turned their heads to look at the person coming.

I saw a middle-aged man wearing a small felt hat walking hurriedly from the deck behind them. This man had a slightly longer face, small eyes but thick bags under his eyes. He walked quickly to the two of them and looked them up and down. After talking to the two of them:

 “Lao Yang, Lao Li, what are you doing here?”

Yang Zhenning gave him a strange look:

 “Let’s chat, what else can we do?”

This middle-aged man with a little felt hat is called Huang Kun, and he is Yang Zhenning’s classmate and friend at Southwest Associated University.

 Huang Kun was recommended to the school by Ge Tingsui, and together with Yang Zhenning and Zhang Shoulian, he was known as the Three Musketeers of the Department of Physics of Southwest Associated University.

At the age of 26, Huang Kun published a paper in the "Physical Review", the highest journal in the physics world. At the age of 29, he collaborated with Born, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, to complete a paper. This work is called "Lattice Dynamics Theory".

 But it is different from Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.

Huang Kun returned to the motherland in 1951 and was elected as a member of the academic department in 1955. This time, the organization knew that Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao had returned to China, so they arranged for Huang Kun to be the host in Shanghai and accompany them by boat. Jinmen.

Then Yang Zhenning glanced at Huang Kun and roughly understood the reason for his old classmate's anxiety:

It was not that something happened on the ship, but that he saw himself and Li Zhengdao alone on the deck, and was worried that something would happen to him and Li Zhengdao due to conflicts.

So Yang Zhenning hesitated for a few seconds and briefly introduced the agreement between himself and Li Zhengdao and the things to be done.

Li Zhengdao stood quietly aside, his expression unchanged, and he did not make a sound to stop him.

 Huang Kun is one of the leaders of the reception group. His focus is to pay attention to his relationship with Yang Zhenning. Explaining this matter to him can be regarded as giving the organization a solid foundation.

Secondly, no matter what topic they want to "bet" on next, the content will definitely be made public by then. This kind of thing cannot be suppressed even if they want to.

 In this case, why not speak openly about the concerns of all parties in the province.

as expected.

 After listening to Yang Zhenning’s introduction, Huang Kun’s face suddenly showed a hint of relief:

“So that’s what happened, I was worried about you two getting on the deck. Haha, it’s okay, it’s okay.”

to be honest.

When he saw Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao standing on the edge of the deck, Huang Kun really thought something was going to happen - if these two people had a brain convulsion and wanted to end it by wrestling at the guardrail, everyone would be hurt. It is a huge loss to the country.

At the same time, once there are casualties, as soon as the news spreads, people across the sea will probably start to smear it like crazy.

 Fortunately, both of them were relatively calm and chose a "literary fight".

Then Huang Kun suddenly thought of something again, and his face showed a little heartbeat:

“You two, since you want to imitate Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, would you mind having one more Lu Su?”

Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao were slightly stunned when they heard this. This time Li Zhengdao came to his senses first, and saw him smiling and tapping Huang Kun with his finger:

“Old Huang, Lu Su, you don’t conform to the original text. You want to be the governor so early?”

Huang Kun was not angry when he heard this, he just smiled and said:

"Hey, I'm glad to see you hunting. I'm afraid I won't see such an interesting thing once in ten years."    "Besides, don't worry about what Lu Su is going to do. At least it will be closer to the original text than before without Lu Su. Some, right?”

Li Zhengdao meant that Lu Su in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" did not participate in the bet between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang. Huang Kun explained it from another angle.

Of course.

  This conversation between the two was more of a joke, and it would not be a problem for one more person to participate in the matter of simply guessing numbers.

Judging from Huang Kun's emotional intelligence, he will definitely not participate in Yang Li's subsequent bet.

Not to mention that Huang Kun’s main research direction is in semiconductors. He is currently working on a very important research and development task, and it is impossible to have spare time to apply for another project.

Then the three of them chatted a few more words, quickly turned their heads, stood back to each other, took off their pen caps, and started writing.

 More than ten seconds later.

Yang Zhenning said without looking back:

 “I’ve written it.”

Soon, the voices of Li Zhengdao and Huang Kun came from behind him:

 “I’m fine too.”

 Hear this.

 Yang Zhenning turned around and looked at the other two people who came back to the front at the same time.

Then the three of them spread their palms at the same time and stretched out their left hands in front of them.

After seeing the words written on each other's hands clearly, Huang Kun raised his eyebrows in surprise:

“Hey, Lao Yang, Lao Li, how come you two have one more number than me? What’s going on with these brackets?”

 I only see this moment.

  Huang Kun has "61" clearly written on his hand, while Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao have "61" written on their hands.

  62(63).

This means that Huang Kun believes that there are 61 kinds of elementary particles, while Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning deduced 62 kinds, and most of the numbers in brackets have some explanations.

To know.

Although Huang Kun is mainly engaged in research on solid state physics theory and semiconductor physics, his experience in theoretical physics is still very solid.

 Otherwise, it would have been impossible for him to share a common topic with Born and write a book together.

 In fact.

 When he was studying at the University of Liverpool, he majored in theoretical physics.

Hence, even though the research he is currently responsible for has little to do with theoretical physics, his attainments in this area are actually equally profound.

 Previously, while Zhao Zhongyao’s paper was published internationally, the same content was also published in the domestic Journal of Physics.

This article also aroused great repercussions in China. Huang Kun also conducted in-depth research on the paper in discussions with colleagues, including.

 The number of particles that may exist within the framework of the metahadronic model.

 According to Huang Kun’s derivation.

 There should be 61 types of particles within this framework, which can be divided into four major categories in terms of properties.

 The most numerous category is the "strata" of the double-jet diagram. Theoretically, there should be six categories and three internal degrees of freedom.

 In addition, each straton has its own antiparticle, so the number of stratons is 3X6X2=36 in total.

The second type of particles is the leptons directly defined in the paper. There are 12 types in total, and neutrinos are also classified into this category.

Stratons and leptons make up fermions, which constitute the first observable structure of matter.

In other words, there are 12+36=48 kinds of fermions.

 Then there are particles with integer spin, which are bosons defined very early in the physics community.

 However, in the metahadron model, bosons are divided into two categories:

  Gauge bosons, which convey the basic interaction between particles, and static mass particles, which are responsible for generating static mass.

 The static mass particle is the source of all mass, so it is called "Nuwa" in the meta-hadron model.

  And in the gauge boson.

 There is only one type of boson that plays an electromagnetic interaction, and that is the photon.

 As for the weakly interacting bosons, there are three, but the details have not been discovered yet.

 The transfer particles of the strong interaction have also not been found yet. According to Huang Kun’s calculation, the number is 8.

 Hence, the total number of bosons is 1+1+3+8=13.

  13+48=61, so theoretically there are a total of 61 particles in the metahadron model.

But

 What about 62(63) written by Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee?

To know.

These two are at the top of the Chinese physics community. They are among the top 40 in the world, no, even in the entire history of physics.

 It is honestly not very likely that they will make mistakes at the same time.

 And by his side.

Yang Zhenning raised his head and glanced at Li Zhengdao, his slightly twitching eyebrows indicating that his heart was not as peaceful as it seemed.

be honest.

Lee Tsung-dao's calculation of the number 62 was not beyond his expectation. Today, Lee Tsung-dao is at his peak, so it would be strange that he could not calculate this number.

  But the one in brackets 63

Think of this.

Yang Zhenning suddenly had a thought in his mind:

  Could it be that fate is also hinting that their grudges will end in this direction?

While Yang Zhenning was feeling complicated, Huang Kun on the side also spoke up:

“Two people, what do you mean by this number?”

So Yang Zhenning quickly calmed down, took a deep breath, and explained:

“Lao Huang, as you can see, the number 62 means that within the framework of the metahadron model, there are a total of 62 particles—this is for sure.”

“As for the 63 in brackets, it is a particle that may exist, but it is currently difficult to standardize mathematically.”

“Coupled with the relatively low level of current science and technology, we lack enough data to verify the existence of this particle, so we wrote the number 63 in parentheses.”

Li Zhengdao was silent for a moment and nodded slightly.

 That’s what he meant too.

Huang Kun’s pupils shrank slightly and he subconsciously asked:

“There must be 62 particles, maybe 63? Wait, wait, I’m a little confused.”

 “Lao Yang, according to my calculations, there should be 36 types of elementary particles, and”

Huang Kun then explained several types of particles he had deduced, and finally asked inexplicably:

“There are 61 types of these particles in total. Where did the 62nd one come from?”

Yang Zhenning looked at his friend when he heard this and shook his head gently:

“Old Huang, you may have overlooked one thing, well, you have heard of it.”

 “Dark matter?”

 (End of this chapter)