From Chief to Ball

Soon some people from the farm raised their opinions, suggesting that everyone cultivate a piece of land, except for the quota to be paid, the rest should be their own to promote the enthusiasm of those farm people.

In view of the shortage of cattle and horses, you can learn Xiacheng's method, and work in groups of seven or eight people to farm together, instead of working collectively like the Yucheng workshop.

Regarding this proposal, Chen Jian temporarily shelved it.It's not that this proposal is bad, but that this proposal is not the right time now.

Legally, the land belongs to the Xiacheng community, and those who work in the farms are not Xiacheng people, and have not won the status of Xiacheng people for the time being.

Nowadays, private ownership of land has not been taken for granted in people's minds, and workshops that have appeared ahead of time have brought together previously irrelevant issues.

If the output of the land can be owned by private individuals, why can't the output of the workshop be owned by everyone who works?Land is the means of production, so isn't the workshop?

Before the private ownership of land was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, when there were not so many righteousness, the people in the workshop group would definitely think about the problems in it, and now is not the time.

Xiacheng can do that, because Chen Jian promoted private ownership of land in order to smash the clan, and the land in Xiacheng is of course owned by the people of Xiacheng, which also makes sense.But there is no way to implement it here for the time being, otherwise he will not understand the reason for many things in the future, and the name will not be right.

If the people in those farms have already won the status of Xiacheng people themselves, this system can be implemented very well. The Department of Planning and Statistics will issue tasks and contract tasks in small groups of more than a dozen people, while maintaining the farm’s collective In order to facilitate the construction of water conservancy, a single family cannot cope with floods and droughts, and it also means that farmers cannot concentrate their limited capital to do big things, and they are doomed to be poor for a lifetime—even the simplest winemaking workshop, a farmer It is difficult for people to run it, but once the farms are transformed into urban public property and collectively owned, it will be easy to prepare sufficient capital with the strength of the collective.

Moreover, his real purpose is a group of people who are not tied to the clan but are closely connected, and they work together as a team and are disciplined like workshop workers, not just for those outputs.

In addition to being self-sufficient in allocating them to the farm, the more important thing is that the market in Yucheng is not enough to accommodate so many workshop workers, so they can only be thrown to the farm so that they can be directly transferred to the workshop after the market is developed.

After thinking about it for two days, he decided not to implement this method until the workshop workers and farms jointly resisted and obtained the status of Chinese. He still needed these people to help him put pressure on those with vested interests. Now he can only start with bitterness and sweetness.

In mid-February, the first batch of landowners and Lisi from Xiacheng came to Yucheng. Chen Jian accompanied them to visit for two days, and then transported a batch of new farm tools to Manyuan's farm. middle.

In addition to the plowshare and hoe that Chinese people have seen, there is another tool they have never seen before. Chen Jian calls it a columbine cart, which is the original seeder.

It is not difficult to make this thing, it can even be said to be without difficulty, without the slightest mechanical transmission, it all depends on gravity and inertia.

The seeds are packed in a wooden bucket, the back of the wooden bucket is a small bucket, and the lower part of the small bucket is three seeding openings.

In front of the seed opening are three very small plowshares, which are used to break the top of the ridge, and the seeds fall from the seed opening, which not only ensures a straight line, but also ensures the depth of the seeds, so as not to be too dry to affect germination.

The key to the whole tool is how to control the amount of seeds falling from the seed delivery tube, so it must not be possible to dig three holes directly under the big bucket, in which case more seeds will be planted than harvested.This requires the small bucket and the seed tube at the back. The big bucket is pulled by a rope. There is a small hole on the back of the big bucket. When the big bucket shakes slightly, some seeds will come out of the small hole and enter the small bucket. Falls from the seed tube into the ground.

As long as one masters the rhythm of the swing, perfect farming can be guaranteed.In the previous life, before the popularization of mechanical seed drills, most of the land in the Central Plains still used tools without a piece of iron, such as columbine carts. A skilled laborer could use his hands to make the amount of seeds per mu of land from ten catties to four It varies from ten catties, depending on the landlord's attitude towards day laborers, but to hired workers it is just a matter of trembling.

Therefore, a custom of hiring workers to eat meat and flour during the farming season has been formed-not out of kindness, but a kind of win-win wisdom, otherwise it is hurting each other.

Of course, no matter how poor the technique was, Chen Jian estimated that it would be better than sowing seeds by hand, and it would save a lot of seeds.

To sow seeds by hand, one person needs to dig a hole with a hoe in front, and one person in the back bends down to sow seeds with a bag on his back, and bury the seeds with his feet by the way.It can be calculated that it takes two people about ten days to do the work that one ox can do in one day pulling a columbine cart.

Chen Jian's idea is to promote it in one farm first, and then disperse those who have learned to use this tool a year later to other farms to learn from each other. This is the fastest way to promote.

As for the Chinese people in Xiacheng, it is natural for them to learn to return to Xiacheng to spread the technology. The spread of technology has a delay. These people Chen Jian plans to keep them here until autumn.

After they have learned how to use all kinds of new farm tools, they can turn the semi-slavery system of the land into a land rent system, and with the progress of monetization, these land rents can be concentrated to build new workshops, and the freed hands with new tools can participate into things other than land.

Currently, the columbine carts that the carpentry division of the Yucheng workshop can only use at most two farms this year. Chen Jian intends to share this matter with public property technology, and the old Chinese will share this business in the form of private property and slave participation. , let them keep their eyes off the land and the slaves.

The public workshops in Xiacheng are mainly responsible for the production of upstream and high-end products. Columbine carts must be used with plowshares, which are worthless on land that has not been reclaimed. Simple imitation of columbine carts can make a profit temporarily, and the profit will be a year later. It was no longer enough for Chen Jian to spend so much thought on it.

These old Chinese in Xiacheng didn't know about Chen Jian's plan, but they were no strangers to the land.The land has already melted, and Chen Jian is not needed to operate the plowshare. The wooden plow and the iron plow are in the same line. The tribe has long stood up and took the initiative to lead the oxen to help the plow, and started the first reclamation in early spring along the straight line drawn.

The iron plowshare cuts through the ground like cutting tofu. It is naturally much stronger than the wooden plow. Moreover, there is an extra wrought iron ring on the nose of the current farm ox. No matter how stubborn it is, the rope will hurt the nose ring. , I had no choice but to put away my temper and move forward.

Nose rings can't be worn on the nose of a horse, but chewing the head has the same effect. If you pull the horse's tongue hard, it will be strangled.

A group of onlookers sniffed the smell of mud in the air, and praised: "This is faster than a wooden plow. I think it can be driven out as long as it is on flat ground."

Chen Jian set up the cogwheel at the back, and said with a smile, "It's more than that, take a look at this."

Although he knew the principle, but his hands were not accurate. At the beginning, the shaking was slow or fast, and the seeds were uneven.

After trying two or three acres of land, I gradually found the feeling. With a slight shake of my right hand, the seeds rolled from the small hole into the small bucket, and then slid from the seed delivery tube into the small furrow made by the small plowshare in front.

Because three rows can be sown at a time, but only one plowshare can be lifted at a time. Even though Chen Jian is not proficient, his speed is faster than that of two plowshares, one ox and one horse, and he quickly catches up.

The people behind widened their eyes and whispered to each other: "Hey, if you go on like this, one person, one ox and one cart a day, don't you want to plant a hundred mu of land?"

"Yes, and it's faster than spreading seeds all over the sky. The most important thing is that spreading seeds all over the sky can't weed weeds, but this thing forms rows and rows."

"Hey, there are still more than 600 people in my fief. If I have this thing, ha... In a few years, don't I want 10,000+ acres of land? Back then, Jixia said that we should use fiefs instead of Xiacheng When public land was used as a reward, there were still people who were unwilling, but now it seems that Jixia has already thought of this way."

The amount of 10,000+ mu of land is astounding. When digging the pit with wood and stones, all the labor and slaves in Qingxia City only reclaimed a little land in two years, but now only a few hundred people are needed.

While chatting and laughing, Chen Jian turned back again, wiped off his sweat and said, "Who will try?"

Many people were eager to try, and they used the long-ago method of drawing lots. Thinking of the scene of working together, they couldn't help laughing again.

When the two were trying in front, Chen Jian sat on the ground and drank some water together, and said casually: "I have a good job here, but there is a shortage of manpower. You guys take the lead, collect some money, and collect some money." Manpower, earn a fortune. Public production produces technology, a few skilled workers, you provide people, and pay money. Fifty-five cents, your five cents and a tenth tax."

"The reason why we don't do public property is not that it doesn't make money, but that public property doesn't care about this little profit. Limited people and financial resources need to be used in a more profitable place. But no matter how much money you don't make, it's better than farming. One person and one person I can’t afford that much, and the second is such a good thing, of course it’s good for everyone to make money together.”

Chapter 3 Agricultural Transformation ([-])

After arousing everyone's curiosity, Chen Jian pointed to the columbine driveway in the distance: "Do you think this thing can make some money?"

Everyone hesitated for a while, and finally someone said: "Not necessarily. Our city will use a lot, but other cities may not use so much. Ordinary civilians can't afford it. This thing must be used together with a plowshare. There are cows and horses."

"The one with more slaves... probably won't buy it. It's expensive, and if a slave smashes it, it will be very distressing."

"Furthermore, there is only so much fertile land near the city, and slaves can already cultivate it. But with this thing, so many slaves are not needed. What are the extra slaves doing? The extra slaves eat for nothing? Leave the city If you go to distant lands to cultivate, you have to worry about slaves escaping.”

Chen Jian clapped his hands and said, "Well said, so I came up with a solution. You do it first, and after the columbine vehicles are popularized in our town, you can gather the money in your hands to build some small workshops in other towns." , farms and the like. You give money and technology, they give slaves they don’t need, you hire slaves, give slave owners money. Give more money than each slave produces on the land every year, how will they choose Woolen cloth?"

Everyone thought for a while, and then said: "Then it can only be done in places like the Acropolis of Echeng. Our money is only recognized and used in a few cities near Caohe."

Chen Jian laughed for a while and said, "It won't happen in the future."

He took out a handful of copper coins and a gold coin made of dog's head gold from the cloth bag and threw them to everyone. Everyone was immediately attracted by the round coins. They are very beautiful, and what's even more amazing is that they all look exactly the same. .

Copper coins are made by melting and casting. Before Chen Jian asked them to carve out [-] pieces of hand-made coins with tin. Using the sand-turning method, the tin coins were placed in fine sand. Half of the thickness was placed in one side of the sand, and the back was placed in the other side. Separated from top to bottom. Then take out the tin money.

There are sixteen tin coins in eight rows, a total of two rows, and a wooden stick is sandwiched in the middle. After the wooden stick is removed, the gap in the foundry is like a tree.The money is the leaves, the stick marks are the trunks, and the gaps are for pouring copper juice into them.After the copper juice is poured, the copper coins are picked from the tree and polished, and the copper trunk is thrown back into the furnace, and the sand can be continued to be used.

The technical conditions for melting and casting copper coins have matured. Now the smelting furnace can reach a high temperature of more than 400 degrees. The melting point of pure copper and pure gold is only a little more than [-] degrees. After reaching [-] degrees, it will melt perfectly.

The biggest requirement for casting things is the fluidity of the metal solution, because there will be air bubbles in it - just like blowing your nose, there are often air bubbles in the snot, and there are even sayings that there are big snot bubbles; but if it is a puddle of water, it will definitely not There will be so many air bubbles because it is not sticky.

The copper juice melts perfectly, so it is not a big problem to cast money. Of course, it is not a big problem to cast other things-such as the shell of some utensils that need to withstand huge pressure periodically. The melting point of pig iron is too high, and the flow Not to mention the bad properties and bubbles, in fact, the interior is also an uneven frozen body of graphite, iron carbide, and iron. Bronze is like a glass of salt water, while pig iron is more like a mixture of water and oil in a glass.

If you want to promote currency, you must break the custom of bartering, and rely on the development of the natural economy to break this habit. Don’t think about it in 200 years, so Chen Jian still wants to use currency as a token and bind it to workshop supplies .

In addition to lending a batch of currency to those towns that want to buy ironware at that time, the folk use must be completed by these small collectively owned or individually owned groups that are not owned by the whole people.

In Xiacheng, those with more farmland can do it alone, and those with less land can join together with a dozen or twenty families, led by the Planning and Statistics Department, with the support of the public property, and the non-government forces of the rest of the cities as the pillars to establish farms. It radiates to surrounding cities and low-end product workshops as a means.