From Chief to Ball

At this time, those who directly praised Chen Jian were cheating Chen Jian. Whether it was Mr. Mu or others, they had to make a fair statement at this time, at least on the surface it seemed to be a fair statement.

The article on the public debate put forward two things, the theme and the episode, and the episode was discussed first, which became the way for these people to help Chen Jian.

Although that episode was an understatement, the problem was already serious. What kind of rules should be followed in translation and definition and naming of new vocabulary?This is not the subject of this debate, but the importance of this issue is unquestionable, so in the eyes of many people who watched the excitement, what Chen Jian proposed is very useful and crucial. Episode Chen Jian has already gained an advantage.

Moreover, Chen Jian did not evade the subject of the debate, but kicked the issue back into the opponent's hands, asking the opponent to give an accurate definition, and it took a long time to give an accurate definition.

Now Chen Jian has made a move on the topic, at least in the eyes of many people, Chen Jian is not cowardly, but the other party has not made a move at all, and now it is naturally impossible to fight back.

With the help of previous preparations and accumulated reputation, Chen Jian has already muddied the water.In the eyes of others, Chen Jian now seems to have a certain chance of winning, but he is just waiting for the other party to give him a definition.

In order to pretend that I am not nervous and that I can win, while waiting for the other party to give a definition, I published a few more public letters, using my circle and relationship network, and began to discuss translation and new The problem of the vocabulary of the times should reduce the pressure of the other party to grasp the theme and hold on to the criticism as much as possible.

This place is different from the Chinese cultural circle. It is geographically closed, and the literary civilization and cultural advantages that suddenly emerged hundreds of years ago basically have no concept of translation.

The overall level of translation is like that of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Similar translations are nothing more than phonetic translations of Yutu and Gusu. It is probably the superiority of Shang and Zhou culture that crushed surrounding civilizations. Only transliteration is worthwhile. use.

However, there are other surrounding civilizations on Dashijie Island, from Buddhist scriptures to localized Christian Nestorianism, there are precedents to follow.After all, it is impossible to use transliteration for all these scriptures, and many free translations and literal translations are also necessary.

But here, before Chen Jian completed his voyage around the world, neither free translation nor literal translation had the opportunity to try. In addition to the current bottleneck breakthrough period in science and the blooming period of humanities, a discussion about translation and naming is also inevitable. It must be done.

And compared to the more complicated discussion of organic and inorganic substances that require a professional basis, matters such as translation and naming are more likely to spark discussions among others.

In addition to her husband and the relationship network in the school helping Chen Jian to change the subject, Lan Qi also came forward to write an interesting "European Surname Fun Facts", which aroused the curiosity of many people with a rare booklet of interesting talks and discuss.

Chen Jian also wrote an article "Conjectures on the Evolution of Chinese Characters in the Republic" to create momentum together with him.

After hundreds of years of accumulation, his mind is not on it. When it comes to cultural level and knowledge of literature and history, he is far behind.

But how did those words come into existence hundreds of years ago, what was life like hundreds of years ago, and what happened when he was still alive in his last life after the emergence of words and paper? It can be said that no one in the whole country is better than him. more authoritative.

Most of the old scholars in China search for chapters and excerpts from ancient books, which is still incomparable to those who experienced it. Once this article was published, some people who were not interested in the things Chen Jian studied also participated one by one. Among them, Chen Jian's article is full of praise.

Many of the things that Chen Jian seemed to have understated were found in the ancient books one by one, and some things were hidden so deeply that they seemed to require extremely high attainments and decades of immersion in the history of the founding of the country.

After such a stirring, the already turbid water became more silt-suspended.

Then, an unsigned Spanish tramp novel that was translated by an unknown person, but apparently assisted and manipulated by someone secretly, appeared on the book market in the capital.

Tramp novels appeared in the transitional period of the budding capitalism, and the tramps in the economically developed regions of Europe have the same fate as the tramps in the capitals who flock to the cities to survive due to land loss.

When the fate of those little people with strange names who are thousands of miles away is connected with the fate of the little people here, the stories in the novel can be easily accepted.

Many of the translations in this tramp novel are interesting and culturally appropriate, while at the same time showing the differences in that culture through long and short clauses, although this is a deliberate attempt at the lowest level of translation. It is very popular in certain era background.

In addition, some descriptions of local culture, scenery, and specific civilization circles have also been processed by some people. It can be said that this most vulgar homeless novel has become a benchmark for cultural translation in the market, and it has also opened a literary translation field. upsurge.

Then a booklet of "A Concise Introduction to Don Quixote" formally tried to introduce European literature that can be called a masterpiece in a simple way.

Although it is only a concise reading with a small number of words, it still arouses great repercussions in such an era, especially the colonial thought that it implies has been taken for granted by Europe, and it is even more incompatible with the traditional thinking here. collision.

When people read from this simple reader that Don Quixote said that he could find a random island and become the ruler there, the young people in the capital were also divided into two groups on this matter.

One side, inspired by the idea that land and natural resources should be owned by all, thinks that Don Quixote's statement is simply ridiculous.How can you own a piece of land if you find it?In this way, wouldn't places like the Great Wilderness City and the Black Swan River be privately owned by those who discovered them?Gone are the days when you could just draw a circle on the ground and say you own the place.

The other faction thinks it makes sense, it sounds like everyone can get enough wealth and dominion if they are ambitious, which is a good way to motivate people to pioneer.As for ownership by individuals, it is actually very simple, whoever owns it, and the rest of the people who have cultivated in the past will pay land rent to the owner.

These are two completely different ways of thinking about land and other means of production, and they are probably two completely different visions of the future produced in this era at the turn of the old from the new.

This has led to further disputes among the already extremely chaotic and incompatible schools of thought.

One faction thinks that this is just the way Europeans think. Why should we proceed in accordance with the future they envisioned?We should dictate our rules.

The other school of thought is that this is not European, but world.We are not following in their footsteps, but we only need to participate in this existing world order, without any reason, just need the weak to prey on the strong.

In the final analysis, it turned back to the two completely different trends of thought that emerged after the publication of the theory of evolution. Is the law of the jungle acknowledging that humans have produced different species isolated before fertilization?Or does society give priority to thinking that the future of human beings should be treated as the same species without isolation?

Not only between the ethnic groups, but also between the classes within the ethnic group, surrounding the theory of evolution and some deliberately provoked topics, finally drowned out Chen Jian's public debates, making the theory of evolution become the hottest topic in the capital again.

Discussions in the humanities sometimes seem to have a very low threshold, at least it seems that everyone can participate in it after dinner, just like talking about state affairs in a teahouse.

Public opinion can be manipulated, as can the direction of wind and heat. When the eyes of young people in the capital gradually shifted to other places and diverted to different directions, the person who publicly debated with Chen Jian finally gave a reply.

Chapter 67 Invincible

"According to what Mr. Chen said, the classification of natural history can be changed."

"Nowadays some people classify plants with the difference of flowers, some with the difference of leaves, and some don't divide at all but think that there is not much connection among them, just need to classify all plants .”

"How is the classification correct? Personally, I don't think it is correct or incorrect, only whether it is accepted by everyone. And these are artificial distinctions."

"Just as Mr. Chen and his henchmen artificially divide people into different classes, and think that this is the same as the method of dividing plants according to flowers, which helps to make it a systematic and scientific division. Isn't this Ridiculous?"

"In fact, what is class? No one can see it, and there is no paint called class that stains everyone."

"It's the same as plants. Why does it have to be a system? Why can't we admit that all kinds of animals and plants that look similar are different? Why do we have to classify whales as mammals? Why can't we think that all animals and plants that are Are fins swimming in the water all fish?"

"If we say that science is about classification, that is, drawing different labels and then affixing them, and calling them a system for the convenience of research, and summarizing the common points among them, I think this is a fork in the road."

"It's not that it's wrong, but it's just a research method, and it doesn't prove that this classification method is unique and correct, or that only such a classification is helpful for research."

"If you look at what Mr. Chen calls all particles and matter first, people are all people, and people are the same people, but they are different in terms of the rest of the materials that people have—the so-called land and machines. There are different classes."

"But in fact, why is Mr. Chen so sure that there is no indescribable, spiritual, spiritual thing that is above the material? This kind of thing has created different cultures and different languages. Why can't people be divided into different ethnic groups, different races, different spirits, and different hearts based on these factors?"

"In fact, whales are not fish, and this is also a human-made division. But what is a fish? Isn't it defined by humans? If I define a fish as a species that swims in water with fins, tails and no hair, wouldn't whales be fish?"

"In this way, everyone can see that those things that are taken for granted are not so taken for granted. Mr. Chen and his followers call this division method the correct way, and then secretly let people think that they divide people. It's also correct."

"Looking at Mr. Chen's previous articles, the ambition to control the right to speak is revealed everywhere. He wants to unify everything, a unified naming method, a unified vocabulary translation method, and a unified division of animal and plant categories. The way of naming the indivisible things of..."

"It is understandable to say that these are all improvements for the future, and I personally support them. But he wants to unify the foundation of understanding the world, which is terrible and violates human freedom. .As I said before, the basis of defining something determines everything after that, such as the fish I mentioned before, and putting it in the whole world is the view and view of the foundation of the world. This is dangerous.”

"According to Mr. Chen's view of the particles of all things, it seems that the naturalization and decomposition do not need to separate organic matter and inorganic matter at all. Because he believes that the essence of life does not exist, so the foundation does not exist, then this division method is No, it's not necessary."

"He even joked that this is just a way to divide people and ducks according to whether they have two legs, and asked me to give a so-called 'organic' definition, just like their people defined as a bird, otherwise it would be meaningless.”

"However, is it really meaningless? Is it true that considering bats as birds will affect the operation of the entire world? If not, what is his so-called meaning? Now he has to define whether there is any meaning, Who does he think he is?"

"Indeed, in terms of his so-called inductive definition of the same point - which makes sense in his world - my definition of organic matter is indeed inaccurate and flawed. He could easily He clearly pointed out that carbon dioxide is transformed by animals and plants, and water is necessary for animals and plants. These seem to be classified as organic matter, so he unilaterally declared his victory, because indeed these things can be synthesized with inorganic matter .”

"Indeed, if I say that only what can be transformed by the essence of life is the definition of organic matter, I need to verify and list all the 'inorganic matter' before Mr. Chen can fight. However, we all know that there are so many things in the world Infinity, even if I exhaust my whole life, it will be difficult to finish sorting it out, so it seems that he is really invincible."

"He questioned me again and said: Vinegar, this is brewed from grain, and so far no one has been able to synthesize it from any natural world without the conversion of 'life essence'. He also said that according to my definition, this must be regarded as It's an organic thing."

"He asked: But is it meaningful to divide vinegar into organic matter for us to study vinegar? According to the current division method, vinegar is an acid, so it can be neutralized with alkali, so it can react with sodium carbonate to release carbon dioxide gas, etc. But He asked me, what can be brought about by turning vinegar into organic matter? Is there any significance for the research itself besides bringing that this thing has been converted from the essence of life?"

"He asked again, if it is said that all the similarities are only through the conversion of the essence of life, then it is not very meaningful, because there is only such a large and integrated similarity that cannot make any meaningful changes based on these similarities. meaningful things."