Dashun Yongchang

Looking at these soldiers who were addicted to watching opera, Tao Baihu once wondered if this is really the front line?But when he saw an officer shouting, a group of soldiers came out from under the wooden shed one after another, picked up their weapons and walked towards the depths of the city. Hearing the explosions from the north from time to time, he felt that the front was indeed a battlefield.

When Tao Baihu was observing the situation in Wenshang County, a publicity officer who was in contact with him came over, chatted with him for a few words, and then took out a well-wrapped square bag wrapped in oilcloth from the sled. He unwrapped the package and took out the leaflets inside, looked at them for a while, and then happily said to Tao Baihu: "The leaflets came just in time, we are about to release a group of prisoners, and let them take these leaflets back. "

Tao Baihu was a little surprised and said, "Why did you put the captives back? Didn't they become the accomplices of the Manchus after they went back?"

The propaganda officer shook his head and said: "Not everyone will become an accomplice of the Manchurians. After some people are released, they will surrender to us more decisively when they are forced to go into battle for the second time, instead of fighting us to the end. How can the Manchu have so many armors and weapons to equip them?

Besides, it is impossible for us to send those unreliable traitors to the rear, which will only cause instability in the rear and increase the supply pressure of the logistics.It's better to educate these people, let them stay if they want to stay, let them go back if they don't want to stay, or let them go back and publicize our preferential treatment measures for surrenderers, so as to reduce the fighting intensity of our army as much as possible.

Forget it, let's not talk about this.You probably haven't eaten lunch yet.Dumplings just happened to be cooked in the kitchen. Come and eat some hot ones with me, and then I will take you to see Minister Huang and handle the handover procedures. "

It is of course good to be able to eat dumplings in such weather, but seeing so many soldiers around, Tao Baihu replied with some embarrassment: "Will it take up the share of others? We brought dry food ourselves, and we can heat it up. Just make a bowl of dumpling soup."

The propaganda officer enthusiastically said to him: "Don't worry, as long as the passage with Jining is not cut off, we won't be short of food here. The dumplings here were suggested by His Majesty to be wrapped and delivered at the rear. In this winter , put the wrapped dumplings out overnight and they will freeze hard, and then they will be transported to the front line to be boiled and eaten. They are better than pancakes, noodles, and steamed buns. Our soldiers in Wenshang County can survive, so they rely on the rear to send Here come the dumplings and these operas…”

That afternoon, the leaflets about the great victory in Cao County were spread in Wenshang County. Although most of the soldiers could not read, each platoon had a document recording meritorious deeds. This document could understand the leaflets written in vernacular .

When the news of defeating the Qing army's sneak attack before Qiaoling came, it had already given hope to the soldiers of Wenshang County. The best result of fighting the Qing army southward before the battle of Qiaoling was the successful withdrawal of the soldiers and civilians. .As for the news of the victory of the sneak attack on the Qing army's logistics, it was really difficult to inspire the confidence of the soldiers of the Shun army who were confronting the Qing army head-on.

The battle before Qiaoling proved for the first time that the Qing army's attack could be resisted and defeated. At that time, Wenshang County had not yet received a major attack from the Qing army. I still have doubts about being able to stop the attack of the Qing army.

However, after the news of the previous battle at Qiaoling came back, many soldiers finally began to trust the defense system. At this time, the General Staff also implemented a personnel rotation system for the defense troops at the request of Li Zicheng and must ensure that Logistical access measures on the front line.

Prior to this, unless the troops on the front line were defeated or surrendered, it was unlikely that they would have the opportunity to be transferred to the rear.As the first goal of the army, defending the soil, even if the retreat is cut off, the army cannot break out.This kind of combat thinking based on the idea of ​​defending the land is essentially that the property of the landlord is more important than the life of the tenant.

Conversely, the peasant army is used to fighting on the move, and in essence, it has not yet formed the consciousness of the landlord class. They do not feel that the land belongs to them, but their own lives are their own. It is unimaginable for the generals of the peasant army.

As for the idea of ​​a traverser, it is very simple. The purpose of all defenses is to kill and injure the enemy, thus making the enemy army lose the ability to attack. As long as the enemy army loses the ability to attack, the people and land will be preserved.This is also a war theory familiar to travelers, "If you lose your land, everyone will lose their land; if you save your land, you will lose your land."

From a historical point of view, this is also a historic conclusion that hot weapons have eliminated cold weapons.Because after the emergence of hot weapons, it became easier to kill people. It was no longer necessary to practice martial arts for decades. Even a woman could shoot and kill a Qing army vest with a matchlock gun.

Therefore, the fort defense line plus gunpowder weapons became a nightmare for the Qing army. It does not mean that the Qing army could not take down these fortresses with dozens to one or two hundred people, but that the attack on these fortresses shed too much blood, and there was almost no gain.Jiannu can escort those former Ming soldiers who surrendered to the battlefield, and they can also stimulate these former Ming soldiers by looting after capturing the city, but they can't let these former Ming soldiers waste their blood in this fort jungle in vain Among them, but get nothing.

If we say that at the beginning, the Qing army who went south relied on the initial vigor to beat up the colleagues on the side of the Shun army. At first, both sides were the former Ming army, but they were in different camps. The Ming army had to be more active, because they went south to fight for themselves, while the former colleagues defending the south were more pessimistic, because they still couldn't understand why they had to sacrifice their lives for the local people, after all, it was no longer Ming. up.

It is precisely because the former Ming army in the Shun army camp did not really understand who they were fighting for, so there were large-scale routs and even defections from Dezhou to Jinan, from Huaiqing to the Yellow River defense line.It was not until the front of the Qing army reached the line of defense composed of the old battalion of the Shun army, the people who went south, and the local militia that the Qing army encountered an army willing to defend the land.

After the General Staff adopted a rotation system for the front-line troops, these troops, which had a strong willingness to resist, showed greater subjective initiative.If these front-line troops needed to judge when to flee or surrender before, now the General Staff can even do this for them.

In other words, when the General Staff determines that a certain fortress can no longer be defended, it will actively notify the troops to retreat instead of letting these frontline troops die in battle.The unimpeded logistics passage gave the frontline troops another belief that we are safe, and since the dumplings can be delivered later, we can run back along this road.As a result, the defensive troops of the Shun Army began to improve their resilience in battle.

Chapter 352 Spreading Three

For the Qing army on the opposite side of the Dawen River line of defense, the battlefield on the Dawen River line became more and more like a bottomless swamp.Even if Dingguo General Duoduo visited the front line in person, it did not arouse the Qing army's desire to fight. In the past month or so, they had already thrown their little passion and bravado on the fortresses on both sides of the Dawen River.

During the past two days, Gushan Beizi Hetuo, Shangshan and Gushan Ezhen worshiped Yintu who accompanied Duoduo to patrol the front line. the chicken.This fearful mood was relieved when the news of the failure of the surprise attack in Cao County came.

Although these Manchu relatives were unwilling to act as if they were gloating, they undoubtedly showed this in their actions.Of course, they didn't know the seriousness of the matter at first, they just heard that the surprise attack on Cao County had failed, and the troops led by Bahana and Kerkun had suffered heavy losses, rather than news of annihilation.

However, Nikan and Tong Tulai cannot hide the facts, because they did not get any useful information. The most detailed information comes from the leaflets distributed by Shunjun. Duoduo, our surprise attack on Cao County failed, because the Shun Army advertised it that way.

Duoduo, who was still observing the terrain on the Dawen River line, was still able to hold on when he heard the news of Cao County's defeat in the battle. He also said to the people around him with some disappointment: "Nikan and Tong Tulai are still I'm a bit impatient, Bahana and Kerkun haven't returned yet, and they can't wait to report to me the news of the defeat in the war, can't you send someone to verify it first..."

It wasn't until the leaflets brought back by the captives released by the Shun army spread in the Qing army camp that the generals who intended to claim credit collected the leaflets and delivered them up. Only then did the relatives and nobles of Manchuria, including Duoduo, realize that Cao County The battle of the war is not simply a matter of being defeated, but of annihilation in the true sense.

Compared with Nikan and Tong Tulai's hesitant reports, Shunjun's propaganda pamphlets have already described the victory of Cao County in great detail. Of course, it is difficult for Duoduo to believe such an overly detailed report.

For example, the leaflet stated that Bahana was sentenced to death, and Kerkun chose to surrender when he was surrounded by the Shun army. When Duduo asked someone to read the contents of the leaflet for the first time, he thought it was someone's fault at first. mischief.Because he couldn't believe that the six hundred vests led by Ker Kun could be surrounded by the Shun army, and Ker Kun actually surrendered.

Although Kelkun was so talented and arrogant that even Huang Taiji wanted to kill him at one point, the Eight Banners also recognized Kelkun's ability to charge, especially his status as a sharp archer.Therefore, whenever there is a big war, Kerkun must be the arrow of the charge on the left and right wings, and Korkun has never made a mistake.

Judging from the years of fighting experience between Manchuria and Ming Dynasty, there are [-] vests, especially these vests are the elite of the Eight Banners. Even if Cao County is really besieged by a large number of Shunjun, Kerkun should be able to protect Bahana to kill Out of the siege.This is not Duduo's imagination, but his experience gained from fighting the Ming army for many years.

Of course, Doduo didn't understand at this time that the Manchu and Mongolian cavalry led by Kerkun were not surrounded by the same soldiers in the city, but were crushed by the superior forces of the Shun army when they went out of the city to block the Shun army's reinforcements.The leaflets of the Shun Army focused on the bravery of the soldiers of the Shun Army and the weakness of the Qing Army, but the process of the battle between the two armies was briefly written, so when Duduo first heard these contents, he felt it was funny. Not anger.

But after the news of the attack on the city of Caozhou came, Duoduo believed that most of the contents of the Shunjun leaflets were true.Because the ones attacking Caozhou Fucheng were really Shunjun troops disguised as the Qing army, and many Qing troops really joined the Shunjun army, otherwise they would not be able to approach Fucheng easily and make the defenders lose their vigilance.

The fall of Caozhou Fucheng made loopholes after the Qing army attacked Dingtao and Chengwu. In addition, the Shun army who had recovered Cao County continued to advance towards Dingtao, making Nikan and Tong Tulai who were attacking Dingtao They had to switch to a defensive state, and asked Duoduo to send troops to help regain the capital city of Caozhou. They had almost exhausted their forces along the way, and they could not take back the capital city of Caozhou while attacking Dingtao and Chengwu.

Duduo, who originally dismissed the leaflets, had no choice but to convene the clan and generals in the front camp on January 1 to discuss the defeat of Cao County and the combat issues of Nikan and Tong Tulai.

The generals Nushan, Sitku and others who often fought alongside Kerkun did not believe that Kerkun surrendered to the Shun army and wrote a confession accusing Manchuria of oppressing various ethnic groups outside the pass.

When Duduo ordered Zu Kefa to recite the leaflets found on the returned soldiers in the tent, Nushan was the first to stand up and said to Duduo: "Ten kings, I think that this person Kerkun There is arrogance and rudeness, but if you say that he will be greedy for life and fear death, and beg for mercy from Li thief, the slave really doesn't believe it, let alone the slave doesn't believe it, even if you ask the Kabush Xian Chaoha on the left and right, most of them will not believe it of.

The servant thought that it was better to send someone to investigate the whereabouts of Kerkun and Bahana in detail, and not to be disturbed by such a piece of paper from Shunjun.Having said that, why did the captives released by the Shun Army easily return to the camp?What if there are spies from the Shun Army?The slave thought that these people were released, it was very suspicious..."

Karbush Xiangarayi Angbang Tongjia Shitku, he has the same name as Huang Taiji's nephew Aixinjueluo Shiteku, but he is much more powerful than Kong Wu. He also supported Nusandao on this issue : "Ten Kings, the servant also thinks that Nu Shan's words are correct, and the Shun army obviously has another purpose in releasing the captured soldiers.

These soldiers have only been back for less than 2 days, but the news of Cao County's failure spread throughout the camp, and they said that the Shun army had chopped off the head of Aixinjueluo. Isn't this just for the enemy's eyes?

The slaves thought that it was not enough to keep these soldiers alone, but that those who had hidden leaflets should be caught and beheaded, so as to deter these bastards who slandered Manchuria behind their backs. "

With the emergence of these two Manchurian generals, the following Manchurian generals agreed that the green battalion and Han army flags in the camp should be strictly controlled, and they should not be allowed to connect with each other easily, thus creating such a situation among Han soldiers. Unrealistic rumors.

Faced with the wariness and fear of the Manchurian generals in the big tent, Zu Kefa, Zu Zeyuan, Liu Zhongjin, He Jijier, Jin Weicheng and other generals of the Han army banner did not dare to utter a word of rebuttal.

Duduo also felt a headache for a while when he saw the sudden noise of mobilizing Han people in the big tent.Psychologically speaking, he supports the faction of Manchuria supremacy, and this is also the political basis for him and his second brother Dorgon to fight against Huang Taiji in the past to protect themselves.

At the time of Nurhachi's death, the three Dorgon brothers had mastered the two yellow banners, the most powerful of the Eight Banners, and they could be said to be able to compete with the other six banners. He was young, so he couldn't exert the powerful power of the two yellow flags, and finally let the four big Baylors take the stage, and was forced to kill the big concubine.

The strongest link between the two yellow flags and the Dorgon brothers is essentially the status of the two yellow flags over all other flags.Just like after Huang Taiji died, he exchanged the color of the two yellow flags from the Dorgon brothers before his death, and the two yellow flags were also unwilling to return them.

However, there is still a huge difference between Nurhachi's two yellow flags and Huang Taiji's two yellow flags. It represents the overall interests of the Manchu people.However, Huang Taiji's two yellow banners were not so powerful, so Huang Taiji expanded the Han Army Banner, and finally used the power of the Han Army Banner to balance the power balance of the Manchurian Eight Banners.

The reason why the Dorgon brothers were able to protect themselves during Huang Taiji's lifetime was that they actually represented the interests of the conservative faction among the Manchus. The original intention of the Eight Banners, at the same time, the entry of the Han army into the banner also harmed the interests of the Manchus.

However, if Dorgon wants to move the capital and enter the customs to compete for the Ming Dynasty, he needs the support of the Han people. Therefore, as the representative of the interests of the Manchurian conservatives, Dorgon reached a compromise with Fan Wencheng and other Han officials when he entered the customs, which means that Betrayed the interests of Manchurian conservatives.

In the beginning, because the process of entering the customs was very smooth, Wu Sangui's surrender and Li Zicheng's evacuation from Beijing allowed the Manchus to obtain Beijing at a very small price, and also won the loyalty of hundreds of thousands of former Ming troops, and the territory of the Qing Dynasty And the ruling population expanded rapidly, so the Manchu-Han conflicts within the Qing Dynasty tended to ease.

However, as the march to the south began to encounter obstacles, and now even the Manchu clans and generals such as Bahana and Kerkun have fallen into the Shun army, the Manchu conservatives once again proposed that we should focus on looting the Central Plains instead of claims of occupation.

Manchu generals with rich combat experience such as Nushan and Shitku have privately advised Duduo, "The population of Manchuria is less than one million, while the population of the Central Plains is at least a hundred times that of ours.

If our army is vacillating, then the Han people who are fortified everywhere will inevitably be weaker than me.However, if our army is scattered and stationed in various places, then given the size of China, even if all our males are stationed, I am afraid that they will not be able to form an overwhelming force against the local Han people.

Judging from the changes in Qingzhou, the Han people only need to mobilize the manpower of a few counties, which is enough to make our troops stationed in the localities suffer.If this continues, the wider our country occupies, the smaller our strength will be..."

Chapter 353

Doduo actually knew in his heart that these Manchu generals were not so much looking down on the Han people as they were more worried that the Han people would steal the power from the Manchus.

This is not unfounded worry. During the period of Destiny Khan, the Han people were just coats for the Manchus to farm and take care of the housework. It was impossible for the Han people to fight on the battlefield. It's just cleaning the battlefield. After all, during the Tianming Khan period, every Niulu was almost composed of a small Jurchen tribe. It's not just for father and son soldiers to go into battle, and the Han people couldn't get in at all.

However, in the period of Huang Taiji, in order to break up the remnants of the tribes within the Niulu and weaken the control of the banner owners over the Niulu, Huang Taiji made a major exchange of the Niulu of each banner, so the patriarchal relationship within the Niulu began to weaken. The military attributes of the units began to strengthen. At this time, it was quite common for Manchus, Mongols, Hans, and even Koreans to fight in one Niulu.

Of course, if only strong men from other ethnic groups were compiled in the Manchuria, it would not threaten the status of the Manchurians, but Huang Taiji was also the main promoter of the weaponization of the Manchurian army.When the Eight Banners began to develop in the direction of firearms, the riding and archery kung fu that the Manchus were proud of was at risk of being marginalized.

Since Nurhachi established the Eight Banners system, the Manchus have transformed from a fishing and hunting nation to a military tribe. In the past, Manchus needed to learn various hunting and farming skills from birth, but now Manchus have been engaged in military conquests since birth. Training, horses, bows and arrows are things that ordinary Manchus can touch every day, just as Han farmers are familiar with agricultural tools.

However, firearms, such weapons, neither Han nor Manchurians could have been exposed to since childhood, and the training of firearms troops cannot be trained during the slack season.This means that the higher the degree of firearms in the Eight Banners, the greater the role of the Han people, because only the Han people have enough population to support the manufacture and training of firearms, and other ethnic groups cannot support it at all.

Within Manchuria, the reason why the Manchus were able to surpass the Mongols and the Hans was because their military strength was stronger than theirs. Once the Manchus lost their military strength to suppress other nationalities in the country, the so-called Manchurian supremacy would also be lost. basis of existence.Because no nation would be willing to let a nation that is stupider, weaker, and crueler than itself rule itself.

Although Huang Taiji led Manchuria to a new height, the conservative forces within Manchuria did not think that this Manchuria was still the Manchuria of the Jurchens. They believed that this new Manchuria had essentially become the Manchuria of the Han people.During his lifetime, Huang Taiji tried his best to reconcile the contradictions between Manchu and Han, and even replaced the Jurchen with Manchuria as the new Manchu nation. In essence, he was trying to replace the blood relationship of the previous Jurchen tribes with regional ties, so that other nations outside the customs could identify with love. new country.

Huang Taiji's eclecticism has achieved certain results, which allowed him to win the support of the Han people in Liaodong, but he did not get the approval of the Manchus and some Mongolians. His sudden death triggered a counterattack by the conservative forces of the Manchus. During his lifetime, most of the conservative representatives in Manchuria had been eliminated. It is hard to say whether Khan will fall into the Huangtaiji family.

Duduo has always been hesitant about the dispute between Manchu and Han in his heart. As Nurhachi's successor, he must stand on the side of the Manchus. This is also the hope of those Manchu conservative forces who regard him as Nurhachi's true successor.But as a professional soldier who has been exposed to gunpowder weapons, Duduo actually admires the use of gunpowder weapons more than anyone in Manchuria. He is also the most outstanding figure in the new generation of Manchurian generals who use gunpowder weapons.

In these wars commanded by Doduo, he believed that it was impossible to destroy the Han Chinese cities without using cannons to deal with the Han Chinese city walls, and he also advocated that the cannons should be used in a centralized manner, opposing the scattered use of the Han Chinese.The more in-depth the research on firearms, the more profound is Duduo's understanding that future wars must depend on gunpowder.

Therefore, while Duduo advocated respecting the Manchus first, he also believed that the Han people should not be suppressed blindly. At least those Han people who are willing to be loyal to the Manchus should be given preferential treatment, especially those who are capable, and those who are against the Manchus should be made an example , never indulge.On the Manchu-Han issue, there is no essential difference between his views and Dorgon's.

It is precisely because of the agreement between Dodo and Dorgon on the Manchu-Han issue that Dorgon was able to suppress most of the conservative suggestions of the Manchus when they entered the customs, and completed the big move of moving the capital into the customs.

However, what they did did not resolve the ethnic conflicts within Manchuria, but only postponed the issue.Relying on the great prestige brought about by the victory of the war and the large population of land, both the Manchus and the Han people once had the idea of ​​putting aside internal conflicts and actively striving for a great tomorrow.

It's just that the internal contradictions suppressed by the victory of the war will naturally be re-intensified by the defeat of the war.This time the army was blocked on the Dawen River, which reactivated the Manchu conservative forces who opposed the struggle for the world. The failure of the surprise attack in Cao County only ignited this contradiction.

After all, Duduo could not allow these Manchu generals to extend the issue of the defeat of Cao County to the conflict between Manchu and Han. Apart from this reason, it was really hard for him to believe that Kerquin would surrender.

Restraining the anger in his heart, Duoduo stopped the disputes among the generals in the big tent with a sullen face, and said: "Cao County's surprise attack failed, and the inside story is not very clear now, but the parties are not here now, discuss whose responsibility It's still too early, let's not talk about it.

The country called you here not to discuss who is responsible for the failure of Cao County, but because after the attack on the capital city of Caozhou, the flanks of Nikan and Tong Tulai were threatened, and the plan to attack Dingtao was also frustrated.

The Dawen River line, Dingtao to Chengwu, these two directions are the two main directions of our army's southward attack.Both directions have been frustrated at the same time, which means that our plan to fight south is in danger of failing.

The longer we stay here, the more power Li Zicheng can mobilize.If Li Zicheng's main force appears in Cao County, then Nikan and Tong Tulai may fall into the attack of the main force of the Shun army along the way.

So the crux of the problem now is back to the line of the Dawen River. We must break through from the line of the Dawen River to destroy the entire line of defense of the Shun Army.Either we must be prepared. When the Nikan and Tong Tulai armies are attacked by the Shun army, the main force of our army will go west in an all-round way, and cooperate with Nikan and Tong Tulai to eliminate the main force of the Shun army.

So what's your opinion? "

Bei Zi Tunqi was the first to come back to his senses, and echoed: "The ten kings are right. The most important thing right now is to focus on how to defeat Li Zicheng. How much food will the army spend for a day? I think everyone should be clear. If we can't break through the Shun army's defense line as soon as possible, even if the Shun army doesn't come to attack us, it will be difficult for us to maintain so many people staying on the front line to attack."

The clan Bai Yintu also said with deep emotion: "That's true. Now we have hundreds of thousands of troops, but most of them can only be scattered in various places to eat, and they have not exerted their advantages in strength at all. On the contrary, the Shun army relies on With the materials collected from the south, we are constantly expanding the defense line. If this continues, what we have to deal with is another Guanning line of defense.

We must destroy this line of defense before it is completed, otherwise we will not be able to stay in the pass sooner or later.But the biggest question now is, how do we break through the line of defense in front of the Dawen River?Over the past period of time, we have used many methods to attack these fortresses, and we have successfully captured several fortresses, but the sacrifice we paid was too great. "

Following the speeches of the two clans one after another, the atmosphere in the big tent finally calmed down, and it was no longer tense as before.However, although the topic has turned to military discussions, it is also difficult to make any progress on this topic. After all, if it can be resolved militarily, everyone will not accumulate so much grievance.

After listening to the speeches of the Manchu generals, Duoduo asked the Han people: "Zu Kefa, Liu Zhongjin, what do you think about breaking through the Dawen River defense line?"

After Zu Kefa and Liu Zhongjin looked at each other, the former stepped forward and said to Doduo: "General, the servants have repeatedly tested the Shunjun defense line on the Dawen River these days. Although this line of defense is quite ingenious, it has not deviated from the enemy's tactics brought by the Western missionaries.

The essence of this enemy platform technique is to cooperate with firearms for defense, so as to kill and injure as many personnel as possible on the attacking side, thereby defeating the enemy's attack.Although Shunjun's enemy tower construction technique has taken shape, there are still some things missing, so it is not invincible. "

Hearing what Zu Kefa said, the Manchu generals who just felt that there was nothing they could do could not believe it. For example, Azignikan and Fei Yangwu said quite dissatisfied: "Since you think there is a way to break the Shun army's fortress , Why didn't you say it before, did you have to let our army meet with the Shun army's defense line before you would say it? You Han people, your hearts are too vicious."

Zu Kefa quickly argued to Duduo: "It's not that the slaves are unwilling to say it. It's because the slaves discovered the problem after many tests. Even if the general doesn't ask, the slave is preparing to report it to the general."

Duoduo waved his hand and said, "Okay, don't interrupt, let General Zu talk about how to attack the Shunjun fortress first, and see if it's feasible."

Seeing that the Manchu generals in the big tent retreated under the yelling of the ten kings, Zu Kefa regained his composure and said: "My slave just said that the enemy's art must be equipped with firearms to be effective, and the Shun army's The number and power of the firearms equipped in the enemy station are insufficient..."

Chapter 354

Daming is most familiar with the construction of enemy platforms, in fact, none other than the Liaodong Ming Army.Even those scholar-bureaucrats who translated the classics of enemy Taiwan tactics written by Jesuit missionaries can hardly compare with the Liaodong Ming army, because after the Ming Dynasty scholar-bureaucrats translated enemy Taiwan tactics classics from Europe, almost all the enemy Taiwan used in actual combat They were all built in Liaodong.

Although these Liaodong soldiers did not understand the design principles of the enemy's platform, they could only build according to the design drawings given by the imperial court, but in the continuous battle with the Manchus, the Liaodong soldiers also summed up the essence of the enemy's platform tactics "with a strong city" , with a cannon".

As the adopted son of Zu Dashou, Zu Kefa's military ability is naturally superior to that of the middlemen, and Zu Dashou is the main general in the Liaodong Army who supports Sun Chengzong and Yuan Chonghuan's faction. For the stubborn faction, this is also in line with the group interests of the Liaodong Army trying to protect its interests outside the customs.

Therefore, when Sun and Yuan were in power, the Liaodong Army still built many enemy towers outside the pass. This also made Zu Kefa and other Liaodong generals no strangers to building enemy towers. enemy platform.

Facing the defense line built by the Shun Army with a large number of counterfeit and inferior enemy platforms, Zu Kefa and others did not take it seriously at first, because none of the high-quality enemy platforms they built outside the pass could block the continuous bombardment of the red cannons of the Qing army.But it wasn't until they started attacking the Shun army's defense line that they realized that their experience in building enemy towers in the past was not suitable for the pass.

The area outside the pass is sparsely populated, and the purpose of the Liaodong army building enemy towers was to protect the cultivated land and farmers outside the city. High-quality enemy towers are naturally impregnable against the attacks of small groups of troops, but when the enemy towers are isolated by large groups of enemy troops, they will A harder tortoise shell, after the Qing army had the red cannon, it would naturally be able to break it one by one.

However, the inside of the pass is densely populated, and the cost of building enemy towers is much lower than that outside the pass. Especially after the Shun Army lowered the quality standards of enemy towers, the cost of small enemy towers has reached a very low level. When these small enemy towers are deployed into a network Therefore, it is difficult for the Qing army to isolate and divide these small enemy platforms. As long as there is support from the enemy platforms next to them, the morale of the soldiers of the Shun army stationed at the enemy platforms will not collapse.

Although the power of the red cannons has not weakened, they cannot destroy the defenses of the enemy platforms if they cannot hit the outer walls of the enemy platforms. In fact, Zu Kefa and others feel that using these red cannons to destroy the materials consumed by these small enemy platforms Not bad, it has already exceeded the construction cost of the Shun army to build these small enemy towers.

The Shun army's use of the enemy's tower tactics can be regarded as opening up a new way of thinking for the former Liaodong Ming army, that is, the enemy tower is not used for defense, but to delay the enemy's attack, and use these simple facilities constructed by earth and stone engineering in exchange for offense One side's blood and supplies are consumed until the attacker can no longer attack.

This kind of enemy platform tactics can be said to be thoughtless. It is simply a waste of manpower and material resources. The commanders of the Shun Army do not need any wise decisions. They only need to consider how to arrange personnel to build enemy platforms and guarantee the logistics of the army. The supply is good, because it is impossible for the Qing army to bypass this line of defense and rush to their rear, otherwise their retreat will be cut off first.

Therefore, facing the enemy's defense line of the Shun army, the Qing army could only choose to break through from the front. All other ingenious strategies could not make the Qing army ignore this line of defense, because the Shun army did not lock itself in a castle. Instead, it controlled an area, which meant that the Shun army also had the ability to attack. If the main force of the Qing army moved away from the front, it would be counterattacked by the Shun army.For example, after the defeat in the battle of Cao County, the Shun army immediately found a breakthrough and took down the capital city of Caozhou, threatening Nikan and Tong Tulai.

After repeated discussions, Zu Kefa and other generals of the Han army finally came to a conclusion that the Shun army's enemy defense tactics may seem clumsy, but it is very suitable for the Han people in the Central Plains to fight against the invasion of nomads.Because the nomads had to rely on looting to supply the logistics of the army when they entered the Central Plains, it was impossible for the nomads to have a long-term confrontation with the Han people.

The reason why Houjin was able to confront Daming for a long time in Liaodong was because Houjin was also a self-sufficient farming country. The 200 years of development outside the customs by the Han people in Liaodong laid the material foundation for Houjin as a country.But even so, the resources of Hou Jin were almost exhausted by Ming Dynasty. If it weren't for the political struggles within the Ming court and successive years of famines, the Ming Dynasty had never had a chance to recuperate, and it would have been almost impossible for Hou Jin to enter the customs.

But even if Hou Jin entered the pass now, the population in Hebei and outside the pass would be difficult to compete with the Han regime in the rich Jiangnan region in terms of manpower and material resources.Therefore, the enemy Taiwan tactics adopted by the Shun army became the best strategy to deal with the Qing Dynasty, because the Qing Dynasty could not afford to consume it. Just feeding the newly surrendered frontier troops of the Ming Dynasty would consume the last handful of old rice in the Qing warehouse. They were all found.

This is not an adjective. Zu Kefa and other generals of the Han army received letters from family members who moved to Beijing. The most complained in the letters was the lack of food.It is said that even the prince of Joseon, who had always been treated preferentially by the Qing people, was given rancid rice that was inedible, and the princess of the king of Korea had to send his servants to buy grain on the black market.

Most of the grain on these black markets comes from the manors of Manchu nobles outside the customs, which has also caused dissatisfaction among many Han official families, thinking that they are now helping the Manchus conquer the world, but they still have to pay high prices to buy Manchus’ grain. Didn't he become a strong man who brought his own dry food into battle?

But everyone can only complain a few words, because now the Qing Dynasty seems to have won the victory in attacking from all sides, even Datong was defeated in the west, and the Azig army broke through the Yellow River defense line in the south. Seeing that there is hope for the unification of the world, everyone We can only hope that the war will end soon, so that the food and wealth in the south can be transferred to the north.

It has been a while since the old Han army such as Zu Kefa surrendered to the Manchurians. They also agree with the concept of Manchurians advocated by Huang Taiji. In their view, the Liaodong Han people and the Guannei Han people are not the same. The imperial court withdrew the Liaodong Han people back then During the Guannei period, these Liaodong Han people were oppressed by the Guannei Han people, and even prohibited the Liaodong Han people from migrating to big cities, which greatly weakened the Liaodong Han people's sense of belonging to the Ming Dynasty.

King Sanshun's troops had a deep hatred with the Manchus, but such a troop was forced to rebel by the officials and people in Shandong, and finally crossed the sea to join Huang Taiji, which indicated that the regional conflict between Liaodong and the pass had surpassed that of the Manchus outside the pass. blood feud.

Now facing the resistance of the Han people in the pass and the oppression of the Manchu conservative forces, old Han generals such as Zu Kefa can only consider unifying the world as soon as possible. As long as the world is unified again, all problems will be resolved. After all, with the Manchus The population cannot rule a country with a population of one trillion. The Manchus must rely on them, the Han people outside the customs, to rule the country. In this way, the conflict between the Manchus and the Hans within Manchuria will be greatly eased, because the cooperation between the two sides will bring The benefits are always greater than the losses of the two sides splitting and confronting.

For people like Zu Kefa, they don't care who will unify the country, as long as it can be unified, because the unified China will inevitably turn to order, and if you want social order, you can't do without them Han officials , Only Han officials like them can let those Han people honestly go to farm the land and weave cloth. This is the so-called conquering the world immediately, but they cannot rule the world immediately.

After these Han officials worked hard, they finally found two ways to break through the enemy's defense line of the Shun army.

Zu Kefa explained to Dodo in this way: "... From these battle cases, it can be seen that a single small enemy station is actually not strong in defense. This is why our army's attacks often fail.

Therefore, to deal with the enemy's defense line of the Shun Army, the key point is to separate and isolate them so that they cannot support each other, so that our attacking troops do not have to worry about being attacked from the rear, and naturally they will not be easily defeated..."