Dashun Yongchang

Faced with this situation, the maritime merchants can only maintain the current situation, because the whole country is in turmoil, and it is impossible for them to ask the court to fight the Dutch again at this time.It's just that they didn't expect that Li Zicheng had turned his attention to overseas before he pacified the world, which greatly aroused the desire of maritime merchants to fight back against European merchants.

What's more, after losing the northern market, because of the war, the largest sales market for southern goods, Beijing and the frontier army, are now finished. Before peace is restored in the north, Jiangnan's goods will not be able to recover. The sales market, the importance of overseas markets to Jiangnan's business is reflected.

Between Li Zicheng and Zheng Zhilong, most maritime merchants chose Li Zicheng instead of Zheng Zhilong who had protected them in the past.On the one hand, it is because Li Zicheng has a higher status, and the new emperor who owns most of the world seems to have a better future than Zheng Zhilong, who does not even occupy Fujian; There seems to be more interest in Huala. Since the new dynasty has begun to pay attention to overseas trade, why should Zheng Zhilong exploit it?

Even Zheng Cai, who joined Zheng Zhilong in the clan, the representative sent back from Jeju Island also declared that it is more convenient and reasonable to manage overseas affairs by dividing into the Northern and Southern Oceans.Can't Zheng Zhilong see it?Zheng Cai, who is squatting on Jeju Island as the admiral of the navy, wants to be independent from her subordinates, and is unwilling to be her little brother anymore.

But he has nothing to do with Zheng Cai, because he engages in nepotism within the maritime business, Fujian people are more important than Zhejiang people, and Zhejiang people have a higher status than Cantonese people, but Fujian people are divided into Fuzhou and other regions. It is necessary to distinguish whether the surname is Zheng or not, and those surnamed Zheng should also be divided into high and low.Many people do have grievances. For example, this time the Zhejiang people turned against Li Zicheng in an all-round way, because they felt that the Fujian people had benefited too much from the trade.

When Zheng Zhilong realized that even Zheng Cai was only superficially respectful to him, and he had a plan inside, he immediately softened his attitude, because he was worried that if the quarrel continued, Li Zicheng would feel that he would not be able to convince the public, so he, the Minister of the Navy, would also flew away.

Beiyang Minister Li Zicheng chose Zong Hao from Jiangdu. As one of the Chongzhen 16-year Scholars who joined Dashun earlier, Zong Hao was in charge of Li Zicheng's secretary writing work for a period of time.The Minister of Nanyang appointed Zheng Zhilong's younger brother Zheng Hongkui, which was regarded as a reassurance for Zheng Zhilong.

After confirming the division of the Northern and Southern Oceans, Zheng Zhilong talked about Nanyang affairs, "...According to my observations in Macau last year, the rumor that you can't go to Manila after May is wrong. Time period, then there is no problem traveling between Macau and Manila. It is feasible to go to Manila from Macau.

According to our survey of Luzon Island, in addition to a large plain beside Manila, the large river valley to the north of Luzon is also suitable for farming. This large river is called the Cagayan Valley by the Spaniards.Apart from setting up the town of Aparri at the mouth of the river, the Spaniards did not completely control the entire river valley. The nearest military stronghold to the town of Aparri is Vigan Castle on the west bank of Luzon...

There are about 6000 Spaniards and Europeans on the entire archipelago, of which Manila accounted for nearly half. There were more than 2 natives living around Manila, and there were more than 3 Chinese before the massacre six years ago. Less than [-] were left after the massacre, and most of them fled Manila afterwards, but the Spaniards changed their strategy in the past two years and began to attract Chinese businessmen to Manila, and the number of Chinese in Manila is now about five or six thousand..."

Faced with the Nanyang map sent by Zheng Zhilong, Li Zicheng tried hard to identify it for a long time, but finally gave up and said: "The navy should set up its own university to train some surveying and mapping talents. How can such a map be used to guide naval operations?"

Zheng Zhilong turned around in his head, and immediately said: "In that case, it is better to set the Naval University on Xiamen Island, which can be near the sea and not far from the mainland."

Li Zicheng glanced at him and said: "You are the Minister of the Navy. If you think it is suitable, you can come up with a more detailed school construction plan. Let's not talk about Luzon Island first, let's talk about Borneo, Brunei, etc. Does Bian agree to give up a few pieces of land for us to build a port?"

Zheng Zhilong replied briskly: "The King of Brunei will not refuse our request. However, Borneo is not very populated. Except for the coastal and estuary areas at the north and south ends, it is almost full of forests and swamps. Where we build ports, it seems There is no benefit."

"Wood." Li Zicheng pointed to the location of Borneo and said, "Whether it is building a ship or building a city, a lot of wood is needed. If you want to imitate European plywood ships and build larger ships, you need a lot of suitable wood. Most of the domestic forests suitable for felling have been cut down, and some of the remaining forests are in unpopulated areas, and the cost of cutting wood in these areas is too high.

Therefore, felling suitable wood in these forests near the sea is a necessary requirement for national construction.By the way, it can also solve some of the domestic vagrants, which is the main purpose of the imperial court to develop overseas desert islands.For businessmen, the purpose of overseas trade is to make a fortune, but for a country, the purpose of overseas colonization is to reduce the pressure on domestic population.

For example, you Fujian people have a lot of land and a lot of people. If you can't survive, you can only go to sea and run a boat.In this way, although Fujian has many people and little land, everyone will not be unable to survive.But in the north, once the land is concentrated in the hands of a few people, those landless peasants will have no other way out except to rebel. If the new dynasty is not to become a copy of the Ming Dynasty, it is necessary to obtain land resources from overseas. "

Others may be skeptical about this truth, but Zheng Zhilong agrees with it as soon as he hears it, because this is also his personal experience.Just when he nodded in agreement, Li Zicheng turned his finger from Borneo on the map to the mainland again, and continued: "It is obviously not feasible to sail directly from Guangzhou to Borneo. We must set up a transit point in the middle. Find a place on the edge of Chenla and Champa, if you want an area suitable for establishing a port and farming, you should also take it down.

After the three ports of Guangzhou, the Mekong River Estuary, and Borneo are connected in a line, it will not be so easy for the Dutch to enter the mainland from Batavia.And with the fulcrum of Borneo, we can also prepare to take control of the Strait of Malacca from the Dutch.Now that the Dutch and the Portuguese can take it, there's no reason why we can't take it.

Only by controlling the Strait of Malacca can our ships safely enter and leave the Indian Ocean.Go see the scenery in other parts of the world. "

Zheng Zhilong nodded again and again and said: "Your Majesty's words are very true. As long as we control the Strait of Malacca, the expansion of the Dutch in Southeast Asia will be interrupted. Their attempt to monopolize the trade routes between the East and Europe will also fail. This is indeed a long-term solution.

Shuichenla and Champa are both small countries with frequent civil strife, and Champa has been invaded by the Ruan family to occupy a large area of ​​land. When we make a request to them, they will definitely not refuse..."

Chapter 562 Overseas Colonization II

After listening to Zheng Zhilong's analysis of several small countries in Nanyang, Li Zicheng immediately turned his attention back to Taiwan and said: "The next step is to let the Dutch give up the city of Zeelandia. The only way is to get the whole Taiwan first, and then match it with Taiwan." The strongholds of Brunei and the mouth of the Mekong River, the Luzon Islands are truly surrounded by us.

The biggest difference between us and these Europeans is that they are far away from their home country, and this is our doorstep, so we don’t need to rush to win the first battle, as long as we squeeze their range of activities step by step, these Europeans will be because of Money and resources were exhausted and had to surrender.

Therefore, when we compete with them for the Nanyang Islands, the focus is not on how many ships we have captured and which strongholds we have laid down, but on whether we have controlled the ports and colonial settlements.For example, the battle for Taiwan this time is not because we are stronger than the Dutch, but because we have a large number of Han settlements in southern Taiwan. After our army opened up the passage from the north to the south, these settlements immediately become our help.

The city of Zeelandia built by the Dutch is solid, but it cannot control the agricultural area on the island, so the city becomes an isolated city, so the Dutch had to abandon it.

The Spaniards have been operating in Manila for hundreds of years. If we attack Manila directly, we may not win this war.But with the population of the Spaniards, they can only control the area around the city of Manila, and it would be great if they can establish a few military strongholds in other areas.

Therefore, after obtaining the entire Taiwan, we will use Taiwan as a base to seize the Cagayan Valley in northern Luzon. Colonial expansion in the north and west.When the Spaniards can no longer attack our colonial points, it is time for us to attack the city of Manila. "

Zheng Zhilong had no objection to Li Zicheng's plan to manage Luzon, but he still hesitated and asked: "If we take down Manila, then these Spaniards may have to give up this archipelago. In this case, America may There will be no more silver shipments.”

Li Zicheng glanced at him and said nonchalantly: "If the Luzon Islands can be developed, there will be no silver in the Americas. Such a large island can support at least a million people, and their annual taxes may also exceed The silver from the Americas. Besides, if the ships from the Americas just come, can’t we send them to trade? The Spaniards have crossed half of the world to make a fortune. If we want to make money, can’t we travel farther?”

Zheng Zhilong really didn't want to run so far, wouldn't it be good for someone to bring the money to his door?But at this time, he will not touch Li Zicheng's bad luck, so he can only change the subject and say: "What Your Majesty said is, after taking the Luzon Islands and the Strait of Malacca, how should we deal with the relationship with the Dutch?"

After thinking for a while, Li Zicheng said: "It depends on what the Dutch think. Compared with other European countries, the population and territory of the Interprovincial Republic are relatively small. If they can obey the maritime order we have formulated , then trading with such a small country is at least more appropriate than trading with other European countries.

But if they continue to try to challenge our country's traditional sphere of influence in Nanyang, we can't set a bad example for other countries, thinking that challenging the rules set by our country is risk-free..."

Li Zicheng and Zheng Zhilong talked for a whole day, sorting out the problems in Nanyang.When Zheng Zhilong left Pingshan Hall under the moonlight, he kept his head down and thought about his thoughts. Before he came to Yangzhou, he thought that maritime affairs would be a situation that he could decide on himself, because he felt that no one would know the situation of overseas countries better than himself.

But after talking with Li Zicheng for several days, he realized that Li Zicheng had no less overseas information than himself, and he didn't even know some aspects of the information. He was more afraid of the Statistics Department for a while.

Here Zhu Shuaicui negotiated on behalf of Dashun with Peter Flack, the representative of the Dutch East India Company. After a trip to North Korea and Japan, Zhu Shuaicui suddenly knew nothing about foreign affairs.In his view, diplomacy is deceit and threat of force, which is much easier to handle than the suzerain-vassal relationship in the past.

As the clan of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Shuaicui still has a good understanding of the relationship between the clan and the vassal. After all, he must always avoid making mistakes on this issue.The suzerain-vassal relationship is actually a superior-subordinate relationship, but the basis for maintaining this superior-subordinate relationship is to give rewards, that is to say, the superiors use rewards to maintain the loyalty of the subordinates.

If you don't have a reward, don't let the next person respect you.Of course, there are punishments in addition to rewards. As long as the suzerain has enough power to punish the feudal branch, it is impossible for the feudal branch to cause trouble for itself.However, force punishment is suitable for the interior, such as frontiers and foreign vassals, so it is difficult for the imperial court to use force to punish. For example, Mongolia used to surrender to Ming Dynasty, but Ming Dynasty lost the power to punish Mongolia, so it can only rely on annual punishment. Rewards to win over these foreign vassals.

In the early days of the Republic of China, all the foreign feudal vassals in Nanyang would come to pay homage to the Son of Heaven, but now these foreign feudal vassals have not come to worship for a long time, and Daming has not responded.It can be seen from this that the suzerain-vassal relationship is actually not that strong, especially for the foreign vassals. If the foreign vassals become stronger, the suzerain will only have one name left.

But diplomacy is different. If you don’t come to worship me, I will go to deal with you. The purpose of diplomacy is not to establish a superior-subordinate relationship, but to seek to defend the interests of the country on the land of other countries.Although China's status has been reduced, it can better reflect the changes in strength between countries, so that problems can be solved through the exchange of interests.

Because of Zhu Shuaicui's successful handling of relations with North Korea and Japan, he gained a greater voice in front of Li Zicheng, which also made him quite satisfied with his work.He originally thought that the Dutch were just as easy to fool as the Koreans and the Japanese, as long as they made a slight threat, they should withdraw from Taiwan.

But as a member of the Dutch East India Company, Peter Flack is much more experienced in negotiating than Zhu Shuaicui. He blackmailed and deceived as many as [-] Easterners.Although the Dutch East India Company was at a disadvantage in the war with Ming Dynasty this time, Peter Flack did not expose his bottom line at the beginning, but repeatedly entangled with Zhu Shuaicui on various small issues, and put his His vigor was worn away little by little, and then he launched a counterattack while he was exhausted.

When Li Zicheng saw the negotiation results brought back by Zhu Shuaicui, he was also a little stunned and said: "Could it be that we lost in Taiwan?"

Standing in the hall, Zhu Shuaicui was red-faced and dared not make a sound. Li Zicheng leaned on the chair and looked through the draft agreement in his hand, then threw it on the table in front of him, and said to Zhu Shuaicui, "Forget it, just a small problem. I won’t argue with him, but the following things still need to be brought up.”

Zhu Shuaicui quickly pricked up his ears and listened earnestly, "The first thing is the housing problem in Zeelandia City and the neighboring markets. First of all, the land belongs to us, so they are illegal on private land. The building should have been demolished and restored to its original state. However, I, Dashun, bought the castle and the houses on the market as appropriate.

The solution to this problem can also be divided into two parts. We buy the castle directly with money. The public buildings and port buildings can be regarded as offsetting the rent of the previously expropriated land. As for the private houses, we can buy them according to the market price, and they can also consider living there. After 30 years, the house and the land will be returned to us, and we can sign a rental contract with them.

The second thing is that Ming only agreed to the Dutch East India Company's temporary residence in Dayuan Port, and did not allow them to collect taxes and impose penalties on the people of Taiwan.So they have to make compensation.Make a compensation amount, not to exceed the selling price of the castle.

The third thing is that the Portuguese in Macau have sold the city of Malacca to our country, so we ask them to hand over the city of Malacca to us.And asked them to explain the attack on our country's foreign feudal clan in Nanyang, and promised not to attack our country's foreign feudal clan in the future.This can be dealt with separately…”

After Peter Flack got the new draft agreement and a new memorandum, he suddenly felt the weight of the agreement in his hands. The new memorandum further showed the ambition of the new dynasty to expand outwards. After seeing the prosperity of Suzhou After the large-scale construction of Yangzhou, he did not feel that this is a country that has been fighting civil war for many years.What he saw with his own eyes was just the vitality of this country.

Peter Flack asked Zhu Shuaicui through an interpreter: "Are these two new items really added by His Majesty the Emperor?"

Zhu Shuaicui looked at him and said impatiently: "There is no doubt that I will not risk my head to fake this."

After being silent for a while, Peter Flack said: "I have no problem with the agreement. I accept this agreement on behalf of the company. However, I have different opinions on the memorandum. The issue of Malacca City has been resolved between us and the Portuguese. One of the conditions of our truce with the Portuguese is that the Macao Council has no right to sell the city of Malacca to His Majesty the Emperor, because it is not legal."

Zhu Shuaicui nodded expressionlessly and replied: "I heard the representative's protest, and I will report this issue to His Majesty. However, this memo is for your company, I think you should take it back It's more appropriate."

Peter Flack took it as a warning from the Chinese, which means that the Chinese have not completely given up the idea of ​​fighting the company.He eventually signed the agreement, establishing a ceasefire between the company and China.

When Li Zicheng tried his best to appease the southern provinces, Dorgon was ordering his younger brother Duoduo to send troops to Mongolia to pursue the defected Sunite tribe. It is still the temptation of Khalkha tribe Mongolia, so its tribe must not be allowed to flee to join the Khalkha tribe. If there is the first successful example, there will be a second and third Mongolian tribe going to the north, then The grassland is in chaos..."

Chapter 563 Mobei

Duoduo also knew the significance of this expedition. The Mongolian ministries were actually not satisfied with the division of the Manchus in the grasslands. In order to avoid the spread of the plague, this is the life experience of the nomads.

On the other hand, there is a shortage of materials on the grassland, and the annexation between tribes is also a way for the strong to survive. In the eyes of the nomads, only the strong can survive, and the race can continue, because the weak cannot resist harsh conditions. of the natural environment.

The Manchus set up flags in the grassland divisions, in essence, to prevent the Mongolian tribe from becoming stronger again, allowing a group of weak people to share the grassland with the strong, and eventually became slaves of the Manchus.This kind of thinking is especially popular among the Mongolian upper class, because they are the biggest losers.

Not only did they lose control over the small tribes, but even their tribesmen became supporters of the Qing Dynasty because of their desire to enter the customs and plunder, which made the influence of the gold family blood on the Mongols begin to decline.

Under such circumstances, Monan Mongolia, which was originally opposed to the Khalkha tribe in Mobei, began to gradually connect with the Khalkha tribe. The upper levels of both sides have the idea of ​​​​unifying the grassland and becoming independent from the Manchus.Brother Teng Jisi's rebellion was just the beginning. If the Manchus could not suppress this force and make those Mongols think that they would be safe as long as they went to Mobei, then Monan Mongolia would really be in chaos.

At the same time, the tragic victory over Li Zicheng in the first year of Shunzhi also lowered the morale of the Qing army.Although Azig suffered a defeat in Henan, counting from entering the pass, the Manchus now occupy a large area of ​​land in the pass has been taken from Li Zicheng, so the Manchus can certainly count themselves as the victor.However, no matter how much the Manchus put gold on their faces, it can't change the fact that every Manchu household hangs white cloths to commemorate the dead relatives and friends, so it can only be regarded as a tragic victory.

The Qing army also needed an undoubted victory to show that the force of the Manchus still existed and to deter the floating Han army, so this time it became extremely important to pursue the brothers Tengjisi.

Duoduo took 5000 Manchurian cavalry, and then recruited the Mongolian tribes such as the Fourth Prince's tribe, and chased the Tengjisi brothers who had fled all the way north.Teng Jisi did not flee at first. After he set up the anti-banner, he called the Mongolian tribal alliance from all directions, trying to unite all the tribes to rebel against the Qing Dynasty.

It's just that Teng Jisi overestimated his own prestige and the courage of his compatriots. Not only did few people come to the alliance, but he also spread the news of his rebellion to Beijing.When he heard that the Qing army had come to quell the rebellion, Teng Jisi had no choice but to take his tribe and flee to Mobei.

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing government set up 132 official villages under the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the three banners of Xianghuang, Zhenghuang, and Zhengbai, some of which were located outside Xifengkou and Gubeikou.These official villages are to support the logistics for the long-term battle of the Eight Banners entering the customs.

In the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army did not fight smoothly in the pass. In order to solve the livelihood problems of a large number of Han people who surrendered to the Han army and lost their land after being enclosed, the Qing government once again immigrated and stationed troops in Mongolia, especially Tumotechuan and other places. " For every fifteen fen, the land is given one mile in width and twenty miles in length."

This time when Duoduo went to the grasslands, Dorgon once again ordered thousands of people to emigrate to Rehe and Harqin, and began to build Suiyuan City in the northeast of Guihua City to control the Tumote tribe and separate the eastern and western Mongolian tribes.

The Tengjisi brothers were not ignorant of the Manchu rebellion, but Tumed's internal divisions were too numerous to unify.The Lama Ayake Kata Himulik left behind from the original Chahar Tribe is a force that is completely loyal to the Manchus, and they oppose the betrayal of the Qing Dynasty together with Teng Jisi.

According to Lama Ayake Kata Himulik: "At the beginning Lin Dan Khan wanted to unify the grasslands, but people like Teng Jisi opposed it. They also surrendered to Bogda Khan first, which led to Lin Dan Khan being finally defeated by Bogda Khan." Khan was defeated and fled to Dacaotan to die.

At that time, Teng Jisi opposed Lin Danhan for personal gain, completely forgetting the glory of the Golden Family.Now he still has the face to mention the glory of the golden family?

And since we surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, hasn't Bogda Khan taken enough care of us Mongolians?So that the weak tribes can not be bullied by the strong, and distribute sheep and food to the poor herdsmen, why did the Mongols betray such a great khan?Those who are ungrateful will be punished by the Buddha..."

Two Gushan Guluge and Hang Gao, the former supported the opinion of Lama Ayake Kata Himulike, while the latter believed that it was wrong for Tengjisi to seek refuge in Khalkha Mongolia, and it was also a way to lure wolves into the house, because Mobei Mongolia had one heart If he wanted to occupy the Monan Grassland with abundant water and grass and a better climate, he would rather support the Manchus than Khalkha Mongolia.

Of course, there was another group of people who gathered around Tobok Dalai. They sympathized with Teng Jisi’s actions. Although they did not support his move to seek refuge in Khalkha Mongols, they believed that independence from the Manchus was the right thing to do.They advocated joining forces with the Han people to drive the Manchus out of their territory.

However, before the debate among these Mongolian nobles reached a conclusion, there was news of the Manchu expedition to the grassland and the news of Teng Jisi's escape. Now there is no need to argue, because it is impossible for the Tumote tribe Give up Hetao and run to Mobei.However, in the face of the aggressive posture of the Manchus, there were more voices advocating joint resistance against the Manchus with the Han people.

On the other hand, because the Qing court wanted to send troops to suppress the Tengjisi rebellion, Dorgon finally released Jiang Guan, who had been detained in Beijing for more than half a year.Previously, because of Azig's defeat, he was worried that the Ming army in Datong would relapse again, so Dorgon called Jiang Guan to the capital again to ensure that there was no leader in Datong Town who could command the Ming army.

This time the Qing army was going to send troops to the grasslands, and the Qing court needed someone to raise food and arrange logistics in Datong, so they had to send Jiang Guan back.He went to Beijing twice within two years. If Jiang Tuan was still apprehensive the first time, then when he returned to Datong this time, his heart was full of resentment.

He felt that he had made great contributions to allowing the Qing Dynasty to take Datong Town without a single soldier, but it was too disrespectful to be scolded by the Manchu people just because he supported a Ming clan as a banner. People watched.When he entered Beijing for the second time, there was a quarrel in the capital over the defeat of Azig, which surprised Jiang Guan. He thought that all the people in the capital were united, brave, rational, and clean, otherwise how could they defeat him again and again? What about Daming?

But this time the quarrel made him realize that the Manchus were actually not that much better than Daming, and their officials were just as greedy and stupid, and they would extort money whenever they found an opportunity. He had been extorted a lot in the capital this time.Of course, what surprised him the most was that the Manchus, who claimed to be invincible in the field, would lose to Li Zicheng. This is really a hell, if he had known this earlier, why would he have raised the rebellion flag so quickly.

Duoduo joined forces with the various tribes of Monan Mongolia who had rushed over the Kerulun River, and the number of troops increased to 3. He received news from Yingalchak Mountain that Tengjisi was in Kungalutai, so Duduo ordered the whole army to After marching for three days and nights, the army suddenly appeared at Tengjisi's camp. Tengjisi's troops were completely defeated, and Taiji Maohai was killed by the Qing army.

After the battle, Teng Jisi was beaten, he only dared to flee with the rest of his troops, and had no intention of turning back to fight, so Duoduo chose Jingqi to chase after him, and chased after Teng Jisi at Burhatu Mountain. At that time, the Mongols who had run away and lost their fighting spirit suddenly dispersed or surrendered on their knees. Teng Jisi's two sons and three grandsons died in this battle, and all the tribesmen and livestock were captured by the Qing army.

Teng Jisi, who has almost become a polished commander, can only ask the Khalkha ministries to rescue him. Tushetu Khan sent 2 people, Chechen Khan sent 3 people, and the Khalkha Mongolian ministries can be regarded as the main force.

After Dodo learned the news that the two major tribes of Khalkha sent troops, he immediately made a plan and decided to defeat the two armies separately before they converged. On July 7, Dodo defeated Tushetu Khan, and on July 13, he defeated Chechen Khan.These two battles further established the Manchus' military superiority over the Mongols.

Compared with the Mongolian Qingqi in the Khalkha tribe that was still in the Genghis Khan era, the field corps led by Dodo has become an army composed of various arms. The heavy infantry, heavy cavalry, firearms and artillery are not organized by herdsmen at all. The Mongolian Qingqi can stop it.

Duoduo finally vented on the Mongols the temperless depression that the Han used to fight in the fortress. After fighting the Han for so long, he felt that he was not good at fighting.After defeating the Mongol army in a row this time, he regained some confidence in the field battle of the Manchus.

But even so, he still said to the people around him: "In the future, I'm afraid it won't work to just rely on a group of herdsmen to rush into the Central Plains to rob. These Mongols can only deal with the Han army in the grassland at most. Encountering Han Chinese fortresses and firearm defense lines is tantamount to going to death."

It's just that although Duoduo won a big victory, he didn't dare to stay in Mobei.Therefore, while writing to Tushetu Khan and Chechen Khan to warn them to hand over Teng Jisi, and sending trusted ministers to Beijing to apologize; on the other hand, they began to retreat.

Tushetu Khan and Chechen Khan didn't know that the Manchus still had a confidant in the south. They were really frightened by Duduo, so they quickly found Zasak Tuhan who had not participated in the war and sent someone to Beijing to intercede.The plan of the Khalkha Ministry to unite Oirat-Khalka-Monan to form the Great Mongolian State was a failure.

At the same time, in August of the third year of Shunzhi, the Qing Dynasty published the "Hongwu Baoxue" in Manchu and Chinese characters, and wrote the preface in the name of Emperor Shunzhi. Ming Dynasty Zu Xun.This means that after Dashun announced the merger of Shunming, Manchu Qing no longer recognized Daming and tried to occupy Beijing permanently.

Chapter 564

When Duoduo sent troops to Mobei to pursue the Tengjisi brothers, in order to paralyze Li Zicheng, Dorgon also sent envoys to congratulate Li Zicheng on his appointment as the emperor of the Chinese Empire, and once again proposed that the two countries demarcate the boundary and make a brotherhood agreement. Shunzhi called him brother, Yongchang said Brother, Dashun gives Daqing another 30 two-year-old coins every year.

The name of the Chinese Empire is only a written word, and Li Zi is still called the Emperor of Dashun in daily oral language.The conditions brought by the envoys of the Qing Dynasty really confused Ma Shiying and others, thinking that Dorgon was trying to humiliate Li Zicheng. When they focused on what Dorgon wanted to do, Duoduo had already defeated Li Zicheng. Teng Ji thought about it.

When the Ordos Ministry spread the news of the Qing army's expedition to the grassland to Xi'an, and then from Xi'an to Yangzhou, it was already August. After calculating the time, the Qing army should have rushed back. Liu Zongmin and other generals felt that they had missed this opportunity. It would be a pity to ask Li Zicheng to move in Shanxi or Shandong to take advantage of it.

Li Zicheng thought about it for several days, and chatted with Ma Shiying, and finally rejected the opinions of Liu Zongmin and others, because at this time Dashun was also busy with several things, and had no energy to think about the Northern Expedition at all.

These things include the implementation of the policy of distributing the land to the mu and the gentry paying grain in one package in the south of the Yangtze River, the construction of a new city in Yangzhou, the reorganization of the army, overseas colonization, and the suppression of chaos in Yunnan.At this time, a sudden change in policy and the request for the Northern Expedition will only make everything messy, because with the Northern Expedition, the government will have to compromise with the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River, and the reform of the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River will not proceed.

Ma Shiying didn't advocate big fights either. He said to Li Zicheng, "Your Majesty pushed forward the reform with force and public opinion. Naturally, no one in the world dared to stand up and resist. But it doesn't mean that those who opposed the reform really supported His Majesty's reform." , They just haven't found a channel to speak out in Xinchao, so they can't unite to speak out.

But if His Majesty can't wait to carry out the Northern Expedition, once the army moves north, the hearts of the people in the south will be alive again. Once they are united, the restructuring will encounter great obstacles.Even if His Majesty wins the Northern Expedition, if you want to lower the heads of those active gentry, I am afraid that the heads of the people who are about to be killed will roll.

Therefore, I think that small moves are fine, but big moves are not worth the candle. "

However, in Li Zicheng's opinion, it is better not to move, because once the Northern Expedition starts, the people in the north will definitely look forward to Dashun to liberate them, but if Dashun fails to do this, the people will be disappointed and turn to accept their fate. This is obviously conducive to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Therefore, he finally rejected the request of Liu Zongmin and other generals to make a move, but continued to focus on rectifying the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River.It should be said that under the blows of several sets of combined punches by Ma Shiying, all social classes in the south of the Yangtze River have been completely divided. The servants hope to be relieved of their status as servants and obtain a small piece of land to support themselves. Merchants hope to gain more markets, and citizens hope that prices will be stable. It can be said that except for the gentry, other classes hope to change.

As a result, the gentry class, which was originally the actual controller of the Jiangnan area, gradually lost its influence. The councils established by various counties and government offices began to voice the voices of other classes, mainly businessmen and citizens. This class is now the class most concerned with politics.

Merchants hope to use the council to fight against unreasonable government measures, such as arbitrary fees or various government orders that hinder business development, such as the owners of dyeing workshops and kicking workshops. They do not want the government to let them guarantee the behavior of craftsmen. These craftsmen Most of them were strong men, and most of them were single men from other places. The government was very worried that these craftsmen would cause trouble, so they asked the workshop owner to guarantee these craftsmen.

This kind of guarantee is a kind of burden for businessmen, because every time something happens, the yamen will trouble them and ask them to hand over their people. Except for those workshop owners who do not do serious business, ordinary businessmen Is it possible to suppress the craftsmen who are huddling together?Therefore, in the end, it is nothing more than paying money to these subordinate officials to avoid disaster.

In addition, businessmen hope that the government can take the lead in maintaining the safety of canal waterways and land roads, and reducing transportation costs. Without these two things, business cannot develop.Although merchants sometimes raise funds to build bridges or dams, but if you want to connect trade routes across the country, it is definitely not a problem that can be solved by relying on the noble actions of a few merchants.

But now businessmen will not refuse to invest in the shares of the canal company. The Marshal's Mansion has invested in the canal from Yangzhou to Huai'an, and established the Huaiyang Canal Management Company. The company issued a share capital of 200 million taels, and issued three public bonds. A total of 500 million taels.

The Marshal's Mansion used these funds to build three cascaded sections of Huai'an-Shaobo Ship Lock-Shiqiao Ship Lock-Jiangkou, and rebuilt Gaoyou Lake and Lixia River, and dug a channel leading to the Huaihe River to drain waterlogged areas in northern Jiangsu. flood protection.If the entire project is completed, there will be an additional 500 million mu of irrigated paddy fields in the Lixiahe area.Calculated based on the water fee of 5 liters of rice per mu of paddy fields, the water fee for these fields alone is 25 shi a year, which is equivalent to 25 taels of silver.But this does not include income from rising land prices and land rent.

However, before the Lixia River Irrigation District was completed, the Huaiyang Canal had already started to make a profit. The Huai’an-Yangzhou section of the canal was the busiest section because it was the only way from Jiangnan to Shandong, Henan, and Northwest.From the end of the Second Year of Yongchang War to the first half of the third year of Yongchang, the cargo transported by this section of the canal has exceeded one million tons.

According to the canal management fee of 5% per ton per kilometer for heavy cargo and 1 cent per ton per kilometer for light cargo, the canal management fee has been collected nearly 120 million taels in this year, with a net income of 30 taels and 15% of the net income. The dividend is 10%, which means that those who bought the shares of the Huaiyang Canal Company in the first year of Yongchang earned money, and those who bought government bonds also got the interest on time.

Although for businessmen, the toll and freight of the canal are still a bit high, but for the shareholders of the canal company, they think this charge is quite reasonable.And this is the first time that folks have actually made money by cooperating with the government. Generally speaking, doing business with officials can make money, but doing business with the government can make money if they don’t lose money.

However, the companies established on the section of the canal from Hangzhou to Suzhou to Zhenjiang are still at a loss. Although this section of the canal was proposed by the Marshal's Mansion to attract investment, the specific operation was done by Nanjing.However, unlike the management method of the Huaiyang Canal Management Company, Li Zicheng refused to install officials in the company, so although it is a government-run enterprise, the operation method is commercial.

Although the company cannot eliminate related households, as long as this kind of monopoly business operates according to the rules, it can actually support idlers.However, the Suhang Canal Management Company is different. Officials neither want to miss the opportunity to make money, nor do they want to lose their black hats, so the Suhang Canal Management Company was eventually turned into a yamen.

Ma Shiying was better when he was there. After all, he knew that money is for doing things. When Chen Mingxia became the chief assistant of the Nanjing cabinet and replaced the Suzhou-Hangzhou Canal Management Company with his own people, these honest gentlemen are the ones who spend money and do nothing. , because if you don’t do things, you won’t make mistakes, and making no mistakes is Qingliu’s way of self-protection.

However, in the agricultural era, it is a good thing for officials not to do anything. After all, farmers do not need officials to guide them in farming. If officials start to guide farmers in farming, problems will most likely occur.After all, agronomy is also a science, and it is not something that can be learned by reading a few sage books.But in business, it is a real bad thing for officials not to do something. After all, if you don't issue a plan, you can't start working.