British civil servant

Baimeng Book

"But if most countries feel that this deal is a loss, then it may not be possible to reach a consensus. Honorable Minister of Finance, do you think so?"

Signed an agreement with the Commonwealth of Nations on the free exchange of local currencies and British pounds. Didn't you learn from the French?The French were coercing African countries, but Britain did not coerce the Commonwealth countries, but only made suggestions while taking advantage of the oil crisis.

The first thousand and 480 chapters and five yen are not eligible

"My dear Sir, England and America both speak English, and blood is thicker than water." William Edward uttered a famous saying more than 100 years ago. The British and French allied forces attacked the Dagukou Fort. That's why blood is thicker than water.

But in the face of national interests, there are so many personal emotions involved. Alan Wilson was silent for a moment, "I have a good relationship with some people in the United States, but this involves astronomical wealth. No matter how good a personal relationship is, it cannot be avoided. The current embarrassing situation, Minister William, you should also understand this. In all fairness, I even agree with the merger of the United Kingdom and the United States, as long as Her Majesty the Queen becomes the nominal head of state. But will the Americans agree?"

Seeing that William Edward was silent, Alan Wilson spread his hands and said, "You see, the problem is here. Britain and the United States are special allies, but they are still two countries after all. It is impossible to bridge the good relationship between me and the United States." It’s a pity that there’s such a disagreement.”

This meeting involves at least the international status of the next 50 years. It is hard to say how the United States is better than European countries except for the Internet.But the United States is [-] US dollars per capita higher than European countries. The power of currency is not understood by countries like Germany and France that have not achieved currency hegemony. How could the United Kingdom not understand it?

You must know that the concept of foreign exchange reserves was proposed by the United Kingdom. The time has already reached the beginning of [-]. The United Kingdom has gritted its teeth and survived for so many years, and is shrinking at this crucial step?

If there is a choice, William Edward definitely doesn't want to let the UK go, but he also knows that this matter is not easy. This time, the meeting before the arrival of other countries only played the role of talking to himself.

After people from both Britain and the United States left, William Edward appeared in front of Rockefeller and Kissinger with a stern look, shook his head slightly and said, "As expected, we think too much that Britain will cooperate with us, The UK also emphatically mentioned the issue of the yen, not giving the yen a share, even [-] percent."

"Britain is only subject to the upper limit of the total amount of the country, otherwise it may be more difficult to deal with than the Soviet Union." After listening to Rockefeller, he sighed. After World War II, the US military should find ways to stay in the UK.

But at that time, the United States did not have the mentality of a world hegemon, and it was not comprehensive to say that. It already had an economic mentality, but it was not yet ready militarily.

Waiting for the ruined European countries to ask for three resignations. Of course, the United Kingdom still invited the United States back to establish NATO as it wished, but in the end it did not give the United States a chance to control Britain.

Later, it was Charles de Gaulle's administration that drove the US military away from France, and all kinds of things, which led to the separation of Britain and France from the control of the United States.

"There is no doubt that the UK must have seen our purpose. It is logical to think about it. Linking to commodity settlement is exactly what the UK suggested 30 years ago. It's just that we had the most powerful gold reserves at that time, which disintegrated the UK's Supporters. But now it is not easy to find supporters.” Kissinger has a feeling that many people have appeared, and I feel that I have been living in his shadow.

The easiest country for the United States to control is Japan. Although there is South Korea, South Korea’s economic strength is too small. It is well known that the United Kingdom has been holding on to Japan.Although the United States has always adopted an ambiguous policy between the United Kingdom and Japan, the United Kingdom has apparently discovered that Japan and the United Kingdom have formed fierce industrial competition.

Specific to the strength of the United Kingdom, it is still not to be underestimated. The legacy of the British Empire can be said to be rich. European countries, whether it is France, Germany or Italy, stand on the side of the United Kingdom in a certain sense.

Of course, Britain is not a human being, nor does it have overwhelming national power over France, Germany and Italy. The United States really has the national power to shut up these countries. The United Kingdom is certainly not good, but in this matter, These countries still tend to support the United Kingdom.

On the other hand, the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer are still very confident. They are all sovereign currencies. The United Kingdom is more dependent on good foreign relations. This time the oil crisis is really right, and it should be on the side of the Arab League.

"If it wasn't for me, would there still be a fart's inheritance? It's sold clean, and the price hasn't been raised yet." Alan Wilson listened to the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer with an expression of approval, expressing revolutionary optimism.

Compared with [-], Britain is definitely stronger rather than weaker. Although British India was still there at that time, most of the production capacity and resources of British India were consumed by themselves. many.

The biggest role of British India is actually to make Britain not afraid of a full-scale war, and to supplement Britain during the war in terms of manpower, that is, to make Britain not lack of cannon fodder.

If we really want to talk about production capacity, in fact, that is the case. The reason why Japan stands out is because Japan has been destroyed and other countries have not yet developed. It is not that India is really a powerful industrial country. It can only be said that some industrial indicators are considered good.

When delegations from France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan and other countries arrived in Jamaica, the chaotic meeting really started.

As the meeting began to confirm the American speculation, Germany and France pushed Britain out to confront the United States, just like at the Breton Conference 30 years ago, the United States won over most countries and put the British plan on the shelf. This time, the United Kingdom has won The support of European industrial countries, especially Germany's support, made the United States have to pay attention.

Alan Wilson prepared a proposal for Callaghan to use with French President Pierre Mesmer and Prime Minister Chirac, this proposal is to win over Canada and Italy to join the group of advanced industrial countries.

In fact, this organization is called G7 in later generations, that is, the Group of Seven. The predecessor of this organization was actually initiated by France.

This time, the United Kingdom suggested that Canada, which is a Commonwealth country, and Italy, a Latin country, should strengthen each other's strength.

In fact, compared to Mesmer and the president, Chirac, the prime minister, Alan Wilson, is more impressive. Now that Chirac is still in the golden age of a politician, it is certainly impossible to imagine that he will have a long-term presence in French politics. Go down and be active into the 21st century.

After discussions, the No. [-] and No. [-] figures in France recognized the expansion of the Group of Industrial Nations, and expressed their willingness to support a package of currency solutions in the international monetary system, the pound franc and the Mark, to support the international status of the United Kingdom.

"Prime Minister Chirac, finding the position of Britain and France in the new era is the most important thing. You are so wise." Alan Wilson expressed his respect. The French Prime Minister is German Chancellor Schröder who led the establishment of the European Union and independent key figures.

Of course, when Chirac was president, it was also a time when France was being suppressed by the United States. It even listed France as a strategic competitor after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It was not a big country that was going to let France taste the second in the world. France will definitely have to pay a higher price for catching up from behind.

France strongly opposes the United States launching the second Iraq War, which was also a move during Chirac's tenure. Sanctions against the United States were also promoted by France. There is such a person as the French Prime Minister.Alan Wilson knew that he was stable. This person may not be trusted in the United Kingdom, but compared with the United States, the United Kingdom can still be trusted.

Callahan is still worried. After all, this time the UK and the US have very different positions. They are really on opposite sides. He still has no idea.

"Callaghan, show fearlessness." Harold Wilson saw the hesitation of the No. [-] figure in the Labor Party, and expressed encouragement, "As a prime minister, there will be more problems."

Hearing that he was going to be Prime Minister, Callahan proudly puffed up his chest. Harold Wilson couldn't help but nodded in approval when he saw Callahan's confidence regained.

He has discovered that he has Alzheimer's disease, or dementia, and his body has struggled to sustain a longer term.

Thinking of leaving the position of Prime Minister, Harold Wilson is going to exchange benefits with Whitehall for his retirement career. After getting along for so many years, the two sides can't be said to be sincere and share weal and woe. In a word, since he has come to a painful and irreversible end, it is not too much for him to make some post-retirement arrangements.

Of course, Harold Wilson is still going to hide all this for a while, and he will get enough achievements through this meeting in Jamaica before he can leave the position of prime minister with honor.

Anyway, in the eyes of some people, he is a very pro-Soviet prime minister who has the longest relationship with the United States after the war. Facing the threat of Alzheimer's disease, what is he afraid of now?

With this mental preparation, Harold Wilson is destined to become the opponent the United States is least willing to face at this meeting.

In fact, this is exactly the case. Harold Wilson seems to have never shown such aggression, and he still did it to the other side of the special relationship between Britain and the United States.

With the support of France and Germany, the United Kingdom seems to be holding back its energy to reverse the defeat of the Bretton Woods system, and it is clinging to the issue of the circulation of the yen, special drawing rights, and sterling.

In front of leaders and delegations from various countries, Callahan was about to take the stage to express his attack on the yen. Alan Wilson stopped the chancellor, "Minister, you are a politician, let me do it."

"Britain and Europe believe that the yen does not have a greater role. Japan has nothing. Just two years ago, it needed the Royal Navy to protect it. How can such a country have international influence? We must admit One point, Japan is a special country.”

Alan Wilson stepped onto the podium, nodded to the countries, and then preached according to the scriptures, "Modern civilization is led by Europe. There is no need to be modest about this, and there is no need to join an audience."

The first thousand and 480 chapters have to be France

Callahan glanced at Harold Wilson, who shrugged indifferently, these words?It is indeed not suitable for an elected minister to speak out. Although the underlying logic of the international community is like this, speaking at an international conference that attracts the attention of the world will still have a great impact.

Now that the global economy is becoming more and more integrated, and Japan is not an insignificant small country, the two countries must still have a chance to sit down. Callahan really can't say such things.

"In fact, the unity and stability of Europe and the United States are the basis for the prosperity of the free world. Of course, we do not deny that Japan is a country of strategic significance. However, its role in the international economic system needs to be more widely recognized. There is no industrial scale. No, you need diplomatic influence, military capabilities, etc.”

Alan Wilson almost talked about white supremacy. Although he didn't say it, he meant it inside and out. First Japan is not a normal country. Does Japan have an army?No!But the Federal Republic of Germany has an army. Although the two countries are both defeated countries, their status is not the same. Germany is far more important than Japan.

"The British are not easy to take responsibility, so they push out the secretary-general of the cabinet." Kissinger whispered to Rockefeller, "Actually, we should pay attention to this secretary-general."

"It is worth noting his wife, not him." Rockefeller replied with a smile on his face. "From the underlying logic of the system, Sir Allen's words don't count. This is the meaning of the British cabinet."

Is that so?Kissinger always felt that things were not that simple, but he really had no evidence to prove his judgment. Rockefeller said that the cabinet secretary was pushed out to say that politicians were not easy to say, and there was some truth and logic.

Except for Japan, the representatives of all countries actually agreed in their hearts to talk nonsense, and they looked down on the Secretary-General of the British Cabinet in countries other than Europe and the United States.

But for the Japanese side, it really looks like a humiliation, or if the image is removed, this is an arrogant old white man, immersed in his own world.

If it is in the 21st century, even if Alan Wilson can't be a king, why can't he get the governor of a deep red state to do it. It's a pity, now everyone talks about unity and diversity.The consequences of diversification are of course not seen by any country except one authority figure in the UK who did not want to be named.

"I think European countries are very much looking forward to a more constructive international monetary system. There is no doubt about it. Not only the UK, but all European countries think so."

Just like the master who peddled success studies on the main podium, he just said, "Understood, applause."

The sovereign currency system is definitely better for the United States than the Bretton Woods system. Although in theory everyone has equal opportunities and can take back the initiative of the currency and control it in their hands, it is obvious that the national power of the United States far exceeds that of any other country present. There is no maintenance cost, of course the United States is happy.

If the United States is happy, other countries may not be happy. Otherwise, why did the United States oppose the British plan in [-]?

The positions of the delegations of various countries are different, but they are basically divided into two camps. They are the United States and Japan, the follower of the United States, and European countries. It's really not Britain. Chirac said strongly that if the system this time does not satisfy France, the European Community may establish its own gold standard system.

"The veto power of the United States should not exist. This is very unreasonable." Chirac's words made the American attendees look very bad.

The United States has a veto in both the IMF and the World Bank, and the two organizations theoretically cannot pass resolutions that are not favorable to the United States.

After the war, the economic hegemony of the United States was awakened so many years earlier than the military hegemony. With 50.00% of the world's population, the United States occupies [-]% of the wealth. It is necessary to formulate a reasonable rule to protect this wealth. .

The reason why Americans set financial rules is to maintain their wealth status and keep their country from war. The only way is to make rules that are beneficial to the United States and let other countries follow the rules.

As long as it is within the framework of this rule, the United States can achieve its own goals.

Both the World Bank and the IMF are headquartered in Washington. Although the two organizations have many overseas representative offices around the world, the center of power is undoubtedly in the headquarters in Washington. The overseas offices are only for auxiliary information collection and project supervision.

At the beginning of the establishment of the World Bank and the IMF, the United States and European countries reached a tacit agreement on the election of the leaders of the two organizations. The president of the IMF was nominated by the European countries, and the president of the World Bank was nominated by the United States.

"Are the French going to plan the President of the Americans?" Alan Wilson heard Chirac's proposition, and felt that it was relatively soft to attack Japan, at least not as fearless as the French.

Alan Wilson's words were not pleasant, and he charged against the veto of the United States without coming up, although he wanted to do so very much.

However, considering the gap in strength and status, the United Kingdom still sets its goals very realistically. The United States will not give up the veto power. It is much more realistic to strive for the total share and the proportion of voting rights for European countries.

Especially the voting rights, the United States has to give up one of the voting rights of the World Bank and the IMF, otherwise, what is there to talk about?What caused the oil crisis and the economic crisis, all countries know well, because of the problem of excessive dollar issuance, it can be said that all countries in the world have already paid for the excessive issuance of dollars.

"It would be great if the United States could face up to the opinions of the French." In fact, Callahan also hoped that Chirac's suggestion, or criticism, would become a reality, so that Europe's autonomy would be greatly expanded.

At this time, the UK remembered that it was a member of Europe. Normally, the British would never remember that they were a part of Europe.

"It's still unlikely. But I believe that the United States is still not easy to attack. France still has considerable strength." Alan Wilson said, of course, the whole of Algeria and the mainland of France combined, how could it be possible to have no strength, old imperialism.

If it weren't for the support of those French-speaking countries in Africa, would France be able to establish an independent defense system with its own strength?How is that possible.However, this is not enough to shake the United States.

Unless the sky is wide, the free world is only half of the whole world. Although it may be a relatively larger one, there is another half of the world that is not affected by the United States.

If one day the other half of the world can be brought under his command, maybe it can change. It is better to define the goal more realistically.

Compared with Chirac's remarks, the British sterling zone, voting rights, and the Japanese yen are not eligible to increase their share, all seem reasonable.

Both the IMF and the World Bank use a weighted voting system.What is a weighted voting system?

Just like the system of different rights for the same share in a joint-stock company, two people also hold 30.00% of the shares, and one of them has only one vote, that is, has [-]% of the voting rights; the other has three votes, that is, Has [-]% of the voting rights.This is not unheard of in the United Nations. Isn't the Soviet Union a typical example of one country with three votes?

In the IMF and the World Bank, it is clearly stipulated that different countries have different "quotas". The country's voting power.

In the IMF, the voting rights of each member state are divided into two parts: basic voting rights and quota voting rights. What the UK wants to fight for is the quota voting rights in the IMF.

In European countries at this time, it is very likely that we will not be able to elect a president who satisfies us today, otherwise no one will want to leave.

Although the British proposition hurts the United States, it is still stronger than the French. The French want to abolish the veto of the United States.If it weren't for the fact that the Soviet Union is staring at it now, the United States wants to let the French feel the treatment of the Soviet Union in the world.

"For Britain to agree to the demonetization of gold, only the United States can make concessions to a certain extent." When communicating with Kissinger, Callahan explained the basic position of European countries.

Revise the relevant provisions of special drawing rights so that special drawing rights will gradually replace gold and the US dollar as the main reserve capital of the international monetary system.

The transactions between the IMF and its member countries are replaced by SDRs for gold, and the assets held in the general account of the IMF are all expressed in SDRs.Expand the scope of use of SDRs in the IMF's general business transactions, and try to expand the scope of use of SDRs in other businesses.

In addition, the IMF should monitor the SDRs system at any time, and modify or add or delete relevant regulations in due course.

"Of course, the voting rights of Europe, including Britain, France and Germany, should exceed half of the total voting rights, so that the relationship between Europe and the United States will be more fair. This is also a clause specially advocated by European countries." Callahan said to Kissinger, "The U.S. over-issued its currency before, which left a deep impression on Europe, especially France, which spread attacks on the U.S. dollar in Europe."

Kissinger said with an expression that you are thinking about farts, "European countries account for 50.00% of the voting power five? You can figure it out."

"Actually, compared to the French's idea of ​​abolishing the veto power of the United States, I think the idea of ​​dialogue is not so exaggerated." Callahan asked back unmoved, "Maybe this meeting will not be able to come up with any consensus. There is no way to continue to use the old international monetary system for the time being.”

The first thousand and 480 chapters and seven trilateral settlement systems

The internal affairs are not resolved in France, and none of Callahan's accusations is fictional. France is indeed much more concerned about leading Europe than Britain.

It is not a day or two to attack the US dollar. The statement that the US dollar is a tool for the United States to exploit the world originated from Charles de Gaulle, the father of the Fifth Republic.

Who can't see that the United States doesn't like the Bretton Woods system, isn't it because the bundling of gold has led to restrictions on the issuance of banknotes in the United States?

The United Kingdom does not object to the allocation of one eating meat and one drinking soup between the United States and Europe.

If the United States is not willing to go back to the state of the dollar zone, pound zone, and franc zone before World War II, then the United States is not participating in the war for nothing.Really for a just cause and a high moral stand?

Therefore, developed countries can use the floating exchange rate policy to better balance the internal and external economies, and maintain the independence of their own monetary policies in the process of automatically adjusting the balance of payments.However, developing countries must maintain external balance at the expense of internal balance. It is difficult to adjust the imbalance of international payments, and the independence of monetary policy is also greatly reduced.

Other developed countries want to become allies of the United States, and if Europe feels that this system can get more and is not satisfied, then the United States will have a very headache.

Kissinger is definitely unwilling to agree to the conditions of the United Kingdom, but in comparison, it seems that the conditions of France are even more excessive, and it is really a direct digging of the presidential mountain.

"France's share should be appropriately reduced. Even if there is not even one percent of the yen, it is not enough at present." Kissinger pondered for a while, saying that if Britain stood on the side of the United States, Britain's share would not be a problem.

"Mr. Secretary of State, can the United States persuade France?" Callahan asked Kissinger back when he heard it. Seeing the latter, he shook his head and said, "Coincidentally, Britain can't either."

On another occasion, Alan Wilson was showing goodwill to Chirac on behalf of the United Kingdom, expressing admiration for France's proposal to abolish the veto power of the United States, but also bluntly stated that the United Kingdom thinks it is very difficult, "the entire European Community It accounts for 20.00% of the world's economy, and the United States is also 20.00%. But the United States is a country, and the European Community is not at least temporarily. Japan still has an [-]% share. Japan is a country exclusively occupied by the United States. To be honest , What the United States really wants Japan to do, Japan has no room to resist."

Alan Wilson did not count Malaya, but even if it is counted, Malaya's economic aggregate is only a quarter of Japan's, because Malaya's population is less than a quarter of Japan's.This is about the same ratio as the United Kingdom and the United States. Even if it is the same per capita, the increase in the number of people in the United States is not for nothing.

After 30 years of hard work after the war, the population of France finally surpassed that of the United Kingdom last year, and the total population is still at the level of 5000 million, including the French nationals of Algeria.

If more locals in Algeria can survive, maybe the population of France can increase faster, and everyone understands it.

Even if Britain, France and Germany are combined, the population is not as good as that of the United States, and Italy is also comparable. The United States has the same economic aggregate as the entire European Community countries. It is known that France's idea of ​​abolishing the veto power of the United States is true. How unrealistic.

At present, it is a victory for Europe to prevent the IMF from being used against European countries. It is purely a beautiful dream to use the IMF to boycott the United States.

"Sir, you don't favor the United States because of the special relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom, do you?" No matter how Alan Wilson answered, Chirac was ready to go back and continue to spread the words of Britain's disloyalty to Europe.

"Absolutely not. Although I personally have a special preference for the United States, I will not sacrifice the interests of the United Kingdom to satisfy this preference." Alan Wilson made a solemn promise. There is absolutely no such thing. Estimating his own strength, Qiao looked at the strength of the United States.

Consider the whole of Algeria as a part of France. Look at the conditions of Algeria. Most of the area is part of the Sahara Desert. Looking at the conditions of the United States, the gap is still obvious. This comparison is Europe It is almost the same as the United States in terms of total volume, but the United States can play [-]% of it, and it will take a while for Europe to wrestle.

"Sir thinks this is enough? Can we just watch the United States lead us?" Chirac couldn't help but sneer, "Looking at the United States, a pre-war follower, now dictating Europe. Are the British quick to accept it?"

"Prime Minister Chirac, people must be more realistic. Of course, we can go back to Europe to take some remedial measures after we finish talking here." Alan Wilson said in a suggested tone, "Establish a liquidation mechanism within the European Community countries, This increases Europe's financial strength."

Alan Wilson's suggestion is actually the swift liquidation system, yes, it is the financial nuclear weapon that claims that once the old man is used, he will kneel down.