Back to the Song Dynasty as a tyrant

"By the way, Your Majesty, I have been thinking about the issue of coconuts falling to the ground during this period of time."

"Oh, how are you thinking?"

"I found that when a coconut falls to the ground, the marks left on the ground are completely different from the marks left by a jujube on the ground."

Zhao Ning said in his heart: Chen Gui does have the potential for scientific research. Others are accustomed to these things, but he can observe things that others will not notice from his habit.

"Why?" Zhao Ning asked knowingly.

"Is the force that makes the coconut fall stronger than the force that makes the jujube fall?" Chen Gui said, "It's like a warrior hitting the sand hard, and the marks are different from hitting some sand lightly."

Zhao Ning was surprised: "So, this invisible force is related to the weight of the object?"

"Your Majesty is wise, I think so too."

"Then how to calculate this force?" Zhao Ning asked.

"It is known that it is related to weight, but some key factors are still missing. These key factors are part of the Tao. I can't see it, but after countless actual tests, I have indeed found that it is regular."

Chen Gui continued: "Like this watch, each division of its second array is one minute for one revolution. This is its law, and there must be a measurable law for the coconut to fall."

Chapter 664 The Logic and Science of Song Dynasty (First Update)

Chen Gui said, "Could it be that weight is force?"

It's no surprise that Stereo has such an idea.

It is already very good that he can go this far.

If you ask an ordinary person in this era, the ordinary person will only think that the invisible force may be the power of ghosts and gods.

In fact, Da Song's mechanics are not completely without foundation.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the water transport instrument and observatory can be said to be the earliest clock in the world.

The conception of the astronomical observatory extensively absorbed the advantages of various previous instruments, especially the advantages of the automatic timekeeping device improved by the astronomer Zhang Sixun in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

In terms of mechanical structure, it adopts the mechanical principles of waterwheel, drum car, orange, cam and balance beam used by the people, and integrates observation, demonstration and timekeeping equipment to form a whole and become an automated observatory.

Later, Su Song and Han Gonglian continued to improve.

With gears, there are even escapements.

Otherwise, how could the British scientist Joseph Needham say that the astronomical observatory is the originator of the world's clocks and watches?

These are things that can only be made with a certain understanding of mechanics, and can be said to be the crystallization of top technology in the 12th century.

It is a pity that the Water Transport Observatory was abandoned during the Jingkang Rebellion and thus lost.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Qin Hui, Zhu Xi and others were allowed to continue to develop it, and a lot of money was invested, but it was not developed.

Fortunately, in this era where Zhao Ning lives, such things still exist.

At this time, the astronomical observatory was placed in Gewuyuan.

Zhao Ning put the old-fashioned clock on the imperial case.

He looked at the "watch", and it was more like a clock than a watch.

The size is only half the size of a palm, but it is thick enough and high enough, and it still makes sounds from time to time.

It is estimated that there is a device such as a small heavy hammer exerting force inside.

Zhao Ning is not very clear about the device of the astronomical observatory, and it is probably very complicated and exquisite, and there may even be a spring similar to a spring.

Zhao Ning did not continue to discuss the principle of clocks and watches. He estimated that there would be quite a few problems with these clocks and watches after mass production.

It is also reasonable for a new product to require a part of mass production to expose the problem.

Since there is a certain foundation in mechanics, when understanding gravity, it will be much faster than ordinary people.

However, calculating the acceleration due to gravity is a very complicated process.

Zhao Guanjia said: "Chen Qing, let's sort out your thoughts."

"Please advise, Your Majesty."

"The major premise is that there must be a Tao, and all things operate according to its objective laws."

"Yes."

"Minor premise, objects fall in the air."

"Yes."

"Therefore, it is an objective law for objects to fall in the air."

Chen Gui continued, "Yes."

Zhao Ning said: "I call this inference the deductive method."

"deduction?"

"The core of the deductive method is that the premise must be established. We all agree that there are objective laws in the world." Zhao Ning said, "The objective law I just mentioned is a major premise, and objects will fall in the air is a minor premise. If the objective law does not exist, the major premise is not a fact, and all subsequent inferences are wrong.”

Chen Gui fell into deep thought. This was the first time he had heard of this way of thinking.

But it does make sense.

In fact, many people usually use this method, but no one has summed it up.

This is logic.

Science is a subject that explores the laws of nature, which exist objectively.

The human mind is full of subjectivity.

If there is no philosophy and logic as the bottom layer of thinking, the thinking full of subjectivity and conjecture will easily diverge and become blurred.

Zhao Guanjia continued: "The object falling in the air is a major premise."

"Yes."

"An object moves only when it is acted upon by a force."

Yes. "

"So the object experiences a force as it falls through the air."

Chen Gui continued to nod: "That's right."

Zhao Ning went on to say: "When an object falls in the air, it is affected by a force. Objects of different weights fall on the ground, and the force they receive is different. Therefore, the force that an object receives when it falls to the ground is related to its weight."

"That's right, Your Majesty."

"You can think about this kind of deductive reasoning and write it into a book. It is very helpful for exploring the Tao."

Chen Gui was a little excited: "Why is Your Majesty so clear?"

"I have nothing to do at ordinary times, and I also like to think about some things and my thoughts."

"Then this is His Majesty's hard work, how can I snatch it at will."

"It's okay, I know a little bit, you can think according to what I say, you should think farther than I do."

Zhao Ning can't say that I stepped on the horse through time travel, of course I know!

He continued, "You see a black horse grazing, and you say that all horses are black. Is that correct?"

Chen Gui was stunned for a moment, and said, "No, there are white horses and brown horses, and not all horses are black."

"You saw objects falling, and the heavier ones made bigger marks, which are related to weight. You said that weight is force, right?"

Chen Gui was stunned, and only then did he understand the purpose of Zhao Guanjia's words.

"It may be right, but it may not be right." Zhao Ning said, "This is called induction."

"Induction?"

"That's right, the induction method is to draw conclusions based on the phenomena you observe. For example, if you observe a black horse, you say that all horses are black, and you observe an object falling. The force of a heavy object falling is greater. You are making the object fall. What is more important is that force is weight, and the conclusions of these reasonings are not certain."

Zhao Ning continued: "But when you are pursuing the Tao, you must investigate and reason. According to the results of this kind of thinking and reasoning, what cannot be determined is the objective law, and many people always think rashly. It is concluded that it is an objective law, which leads to mistakes."

When Zhao Guanjia said this, Chen Gui was immediately enlightened.

He really regarded weight as gravity. This is not wrong, it is an unsure result in the induction method. Since there is no certainty, we can only keep guesses instead of arbitrarily defining.

"Then how do we avoid it?"

"Observe more." Zhao Ning said, "I ask you, the moment you let go of the coconut, and the moment it lands, do they move at the same speed?"

Chen Gui was already shocked by the deductive and inductive methods, but now he heard Zhao Guanjia's reminder, and stood still in place again.

"Different!"

"You didn't take this factor into account, so you think that weight is the force, and you make the mistake of seeing black horses and thinking that all horses are black horses."

"I understand!" Chen Gui was overjoyed.

"Do you know how to measure the speed of those movements?"

"I have some ideas, I have to try!" Chen Gui's eyes lit up.

Zhao Ning said: "Remember the deductive and inductive methods I mentioned, and deduce them according to their general principles, and don't blindly follow the underground conclusions!"

"Your Majesty, you are so enlightened by your words! I will take my leave first!"

"Make a batch of your clock first, and use the quantity to reflect its problems."

"Yes!"

Chapter 665 Rebuke the King and His Officials Face To Face! (Second more)

Zhao Ning felt that this step was enough.

"Dialectics", "Deduction", and "Induction" have all been proposed.

It also proposed the objective law of Tao, which will greatly change their thinking and thinking.

In particular, "Deductive Method" and "Inductive Method" are a kind of logical thinking indispensable to scientific exploration.

These thought books will go to the university.

And the stereotypes at this time have already created an active clock and watch, and there are actual cases.

Zhao Ning doesn't know what kind of magnificent scene the flower of science can bloom in Song Dynasty, so let's let it go to Gewuyuan.

On the tenth day of March, winter has passed and spring has come, and even the outside of Shangjing City has a little bit of greenery.

The convoy entered Shangjing under the welcome of a large team.

In the afternoon, Yu Yunwen, as the envoy of His Majesty the Song Emperor, entered the Jin Palace and met with the Jin Emperor Wanyan Zongpan.

All the civil and military officials of the Kingdom of Jin, as well as the royal relatives and nobles were present.

Yu Yunwen said: "On behalf of His Majesty the Emperor of the Great Song Dynasty, the Foreign Minister expresses deep condolences to the late Emperor Wanyan Wu Qimai of the Kingdom of Jin. At the same time, he sends greetings to His Majesty the Emperor of the Kingdom of Jin and congratulates him on his enthronement. May the relationship between the two countries be harmonious forever."

"Song envoys don't need to be too polite." Wanyan Zongpan said.

"Thank you, Your Majesty."

"Song Envoy came all the way, you have worked hard, and I would like to extend my sincere greetings to Zhao Guan's family."

"The foreign minister will take back His Majesty's wishes and pass them on to my emperor."

Jin Wushu suddenly said: "Emissary Song, I don't understand something, please enlighten me."

Yu Yunwen said, "Please tell me."

"You just said that the two countries will live forever?"

"Yes."

"If I remember correctly, after our first peace negotiation, Song State repeatedly committed crimes on the frontier, and later sent troops to attack Fuzhou and hurt our people. Is there such a thing?"

Wu Shu's tone is still very soft, like an old friend chatting.

But Wanyan Zongmin on the other side was different, he said angrily: "His Royal Highness King Wei, do you even need to ask, the Song Kingdom has no faith, they are full of cunning!"

After finishing speaking, Wan Yan Zongmin came out and said: "Your Majesty, my lords, I request that the envoy of Song Dynasty be pushed out and beheaded immediately, and his head sent back for the official Zhao family to see! Let's see what happens to the treacherous people! "

"Hey!" Wu Shu said immediately, "If the two armies are fighting, they don't kill their envoys. Now that Song and Jin are in harmony, they won't kill people at will. Besides, Dajin is a state of etiquette. How can we go back on our word like Song!"

Zong Min said again: "To deal with such treacherous people, we should kill them!"

After speaking, he actually drew his sword.

Yu Yunwen did not expect that the arrogant soldiers and warriors in the court of the Kingdom of Jin could bring swords into the palace.