I am the king of the dead

"From a cultural point of view, they are able to read and understand, which is exactly the demand reflected after the increase in productivity. From the water conservancy screw press, the flying shuttle, the seismograph of the ten calendar bureaus of Qintianjian, [-] kinds of gear sets, [-] The so-called aristocratization of craftsmen has greatly promoted productivity.”

The economic base determines the superstructure. Only by continuously improving the economic base can we continuously improve the cultural ideology and values. The reason for the prosperity of the Song Dynasty culture is entirely due to the prosperous economic base.

Yu Qian bowed his head after serious consideration for a long time and said, "Your Majesty is wise."

His Majesty has proven himself to be right more than once, and even Liu Pu, who has been living in Jiaozhi, fully agrees with this point. If Liu Pu could realize that His Majesty is right earlier, he would not be so miserable now.

And His Majesty's consideration of whether the aristocratization of craftsmen is reasonable from four perspectives is obviously deliberate and consistent, rather than ad hoc.

"So, are artisans really aristocratic?" Zhu Qiyu shook his head and said, "I don't think so."

Aristocratization of craftsmen?

In fact, artisans are only the middle class, not nobles.

"If a craftsman kills someone in the street, even if his craftsman is a great craftsman, the magistrate's yamen will still sentence him to death, send him to Dali Temple for three replays, and ask him to be executed after the fall, not to mention that the great craftsman himself is a guard. The sequencer itself."

"But if a Shixun kills someone in the street, this Shixun can avoid death by negotiating, asking, reducing, pleading, and exempting him from death. Even the most stringent legal scholars can decide the case."

judicial privilege.

Shang Yang is the representative of Qin State's harsh laws and punishments, and even committed suicide. Shang Yang was arrested because he needed to check his identity for his escape and accommodation, and his own laws harmed his own life.

Even Shang Yang, in the face of Qin Huiwen Wang Yingsi, who was still the prince, murdered in the street, Shang Yang could only punish the prince's teacher, but not the prince.

It is only the beautiful vision of the legalists that the prince breaks the law and the common people are guilty of the same crime.

Craftsmen lack the obvious privileges of the nobility, and they do not receive any preferential treatment in terms of justice, corvee, and taxation, which is even less than that of the gentry.

Yu Qian frowned and said: "Your Majesty's words are reasonable, but I still believe that craftsmen may be aristocratic, and it is happening."

In Yu Qian's view, His Majesty intends to let the craftsman class replace the gentry class and complete the replacement of the classes. In this process, some detours that have been taken in the past must be avoided.

Such as judicial, corvee and tax privileges.

Zhu Qiyu thought for a while and said: "I don't deny this possibility and phenomenon, and I think it is an inevitability and trend. No matter how you look at it, it is much better than the gentry who can only collect rent."

Gentlemen who only know how to collect rent and only think about how to take advantage of the court's loopholes to study how to collect rent are definitely a backward and retrogressive social phenomenon.

In contrast, Zhu Qiyu is more willing to give craftsmen some extra judicial treatment. For example, when the labor remuneration is much lower than the market price, craftsmen have the right to strike, and protect the rights and interests of laborers through the judiciary and administration.

Freedom to strike is the valve and gate for the operation of society. Every strike will alleviate the backlog of class conflicts, so that class conflicts will not become irreconcilable and eventually destroy everything.

On this point, Taizu Su once answered a question after the establishment of the Soviets, were the workers on strike in the workers' state going on strike against themselves?

In this regard, Su Taizu made it clear: In the workers' state, the workers use strikes to fight because there are still ills in the workers' state, and there are various remnants of feudalism and capital. After seizing power, they still need to continue to struggle. (The fourth volume of Su Taizu's anthology).

When it came to Su Cizong, although Su Cizong did not prohibit strikes, he still regarded strikes as violations of discipline, absenteeism and sabotage, and strictly prohibited them.

This point is not that Su Cizong turned his back on the workers, but that in Su Cizong's era, the international situation became more tense, the populism of San Dezi was on the rise, and the whole of Europe was sitting on the powder keg. Su Cizong could only choose this method to accelerate the process of industrialization.

In the end, it also proved that Su Cizong's judgment on the international situation was accurate, because it didn't take long for San Dezi to invade the Soviet Union, and the brutal Patriotic War began.

This is also one of the garbage on Su Cizong's grave.

Although Zhu Qiyu did not grant any judicial privileges to the craftsmen, he supported and protected the interests of the craftsmen in the judiciary.

There was no imminent pressure in Ming Dynasty to speed up the process of industrialization without sacrificing the labor interests of craftsmen and farmers.

Holding a teacup, Yu Qian slowly sipped tea and thought slowly. He was thinking about the system of the country, and thinking about the future 50 years after the Ming Dynasty, or even a hundred years.

If people have no long-term concerns, they must have near-term worries; if a country has no long-term plans, there must be disasters.

Yu Qian put down the teacup, and said quite seriously: "I still have something to worry about. Right now, there are more and more official factories in the Ming Dynasty. If the official factories in the Ming Dynasty learn from the official factories in the Song Dynasty in the future, the consequences will be disastrous. "

This is Yu Qian's second worry.

Shixun, an official of the Ming Dynasty, especially liked to use the Song Dynasty as a historical reference. For example, Yang Hong liked to talk about the Song Dynasty's emphasis on literature over military affairs, and advised the emperor not to emphasize literature over military affairs;

And Jin Lian, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, also liked the government-run franchises in the Song Dynasty.

Yu Shiyue, Shangshu of the Ministry of Criminal Justice, also likes to use the autopsy of criminal officials in the two Song Dynasties to criticize the power of wind to obstruct criminal names in the Song Dynasty. Facts and truth are not important, but wind power and public opinion are important.

How did this habit of breastfeeding as a whole come about?

This is actually the fault of Emperor Gao, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty.

In the second year of Hongwu, Emperor Yuan Shun ran to the grassland to continue to linger, and Zhu Yuanzhang's words broke the defense of the Northern Yuan court and officials collectively!

The courtiers of the small imperial court of the Northern Yuan Dynasty pleaded for orders one after another, asking Emperor Yuan Shun to kill the envoys of the Ming Dynasty and counterattack the Central Plains without dying!

Why did the small court of the Northern Yuan Dynasty break its defenses, even when most of the Yuan Dynasty was handed over to others?Even beheaded to make it so that the world would be smashed?

In April of the second year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent an envoy to issue an imperial edict, saying: [I am now a master, I should limit the land to Shuomo, cultivate virtue and follow the sky, follow the example of Song Shi after his south crossing, keep his recipes, and never sacrifice him.Don't move lightly, which will cause disaster. 】

It means: We have thought about it for you, Emperor Yuan Shun. You should draw the border of Mobei like the Southern Song Dynasty after the court crossed the south, cultivate your body and mind, and obey the destiny. , if you toss, you will bear the consequences.

This sentence, "following the difficulty of the Song Dynasty", made the monarchs and ministers of the small court of the Northern Yuan Dynasty break their defenses.

We must know that the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty had two foundations. The first one was that Kublai Khan created a combination of Mongolian, Han, and Jin nobles in the north, and competed with Ali Buge for the throne.The second foundation is to go south to eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty and establish a unified dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang's words can be said to have accurately hit the sore feet of the Northern Yuan court, which means that the small court of the Northern Yuan Dynasty is not as good as the Southern Song Dynasty.

The translation is that this small court of the Northern Yuan Dynasty is not as good as a pile of shit.

But judging from the reactions of the Ming Dynasty and the Northern Yuan court at that time, even the Northern Yuan Dynasty was about to be broken up. In the common perception, the Southern Song Dynasty was also a younger brother, a piece of shit.

Therefore, it is reasonable for Yu Qian to take the official franchise in the Song Dynasty as a historical lesson. When Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the eighteen official factories during the Hongwu period, he also wanted to cultivate and live with the people.

A catty of water-washed coal that cost only six flying coins in the Ming Dynasty required two hundred Wen per catty in the Song Dynasty, with firewood, rice, oil and salt, and the word firewood as the head, which shows how miserable people's livelihood was at that time.

In addition to dung tyrants, selling official land, house taxes for Fang Guo households, etc., one of the important sources of taxes in the Song Dynasty was wine trusts.

Liquor in the Song Dynasty was monopolized. It was not a ban on alcohol, but it was forbidden to appear in the market. All wine shops were bought and sold by the Southern Song Dynasty court.

It is the so-called: In the evening, the lamps and candles are shining, and the top and bottom are illuminated. Hundreds of prostitutes with heavy makeup gather on the main corridor to wait for the drinkers to call them, looking like gods.

A wine shop keeps dozens of wine prostitutes, all of whom are beautiful in appearance, plump in figure, have their own strengths in music, chess, calligraphy and painting, and the sales volume of a wine prostitute can reach nearly a hundred taels of silver a year.

For example, Wang Chaoyun next to Su Dongpo, whose eyes are like the morning sun and whose face is like a spring garden, was born as a drinking prostitute.

Just relying on wine prostitutes to sell wine, during the Tianxi period of Song Zhenzong, the annual wine tax exceeded 1000 million yuan in fiscal revenue, accounting for one-sixth of the entire imperial court's fiscal revenue.

On the matter of getting rich, even Zhu Qiyu can only give thumbs up to the meat eaters of the Song Dynasty, and he is far behind.

"Da Ming won't." Zhu Qiyu first denied this possibility, since Daming didn't have that foundation at all.

Yu Qian is the head of all the officials, and he is the leader. When he asked himself, it was actually a question in the hearts of the courtiers of the Ming Dynasty.

Firstly, the ancestors made the law, the sage Emperor Gao abolished the official factory, and now His Majesty has restored it. Even though Hu Shangshu shouted for the pioneering move, many courtiers still murmured in their hearts.

Secondly, this kind of government-run franchise will inevitably become rigid and bloated. At that time, the cost of a piece of cotton cloth will remain high. In the end, in order to let the official factory go on, a series of policies will inevitably appear to ensure the smooth operation of the official factory. It became the appearance that Daming least wanted to be, the appearance of the two Song Dynasties.

Zhu Qiyu sighed heavily and said: "It's not that I'm making fun of our Ming Dynasty scholar-officials. If they have the ability to create a franchise in the Song Dynasty, I can rest."

"Our Daming has three kinds of franchises, salt and iron tea. After the official factory was abolished, the iron was useless and there was no clear order."

"There is also the tea ban. As early as the Yongle period, Emperor Taizong Wen approved no tea ban and canceled the tea tour censor. The rate was [-] points. Six points were sold by the goods, and four points were inspected by the officials. The official transfer It is run by the private sector and only draws points at Chaoguan.”

"And this Yanyin, how is it managed by our Daming? Do you need us to expand?"

"Our nest is originally a salt coin issued by the imperial court, and we actually fought back and forth with the salt coin of the private salt dealer. The salt coin of the private salt dealer is stronger than the salt coin of our court and can be cashed."

When Zhu Qiyu talked about Daming's ability to make money, he had a headache. As far as Daming's genes were concerned, there was no gene for making money. When it came to Daming, there was only one ending, and that was to die of poverty.

Bureaucrats and bureaucrats are still worried about whether the official camp of Ming Dynasty will become the Song Dynasty, and see if they have the ability, and it will not be too late to dream that dream again.

"That's true." Yu Qian understood what His Majesty said, and the ministers of the Ming Dynasty were indeed a little unfounded and disturbed.

As long as the Ming Dynasty's ability to make a fortune is one-tenth of His Majesty's, the Ming court does not need to go to the internal funds to borrow money every year, so that the eunuchs in the internal funds look at people with their nostrils all day long.

"Is Yu Shaobao still worried?" Zhu Qiyu took a sip of tea and moistened his throat and asked.

Chapter 752 The Predicament of the Daoist Leader Who Needs Both

Daming is really a waste of waste in terms of finance and taxation.

If it is said that the society is always spiraling upwards, productivity is constantly improving, and the two Songs engaged in grievances. Starting from Song Zhenzong, the annual income of the two Songs was more than 6000 million taels, and the annual income of the Ming Dynasty was less than 2000 million taels of silver.

Society spiraled upwards, while Daming's financial revenue fell precipitously.

However, in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, due to many reasons, such as customs clearance, violent internal exploitation, local medicine economy, etc., from the 11th year of Guangxu to the third year of Xuantong, the fiscal revenue soared from 8000 million taels to 9000 million taels, nearly three One hundred million taels of silver.

This is the terrible taxation ability of the Qing Dynasty in the last few years. In the war reparations of huge military expenses, they carried out the Westernization Movement, built the Beiyang Navy, and built a yard for the old witch.

The Qing Dynasty used the last time to reflect the backwardness of the feudal monarchy and the cruel exploitation of the people.

The direct reason for the demise of the Qing Dynasty was that Xiaozhan trained soldiers and directly killed himself. Yuan Shikai raised a knife to abdicate the Qing court, and Puyi became the last emperor.

There are many root causes, and Zhu Qiyu believes that one of them is definitely a congenital terminal illness-the irreconcilable contradiction between the Banner people and the Han people.

Because of the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the military strength and financial capabilities of the Han people have been greatly improved, which aroused the high vigilance of the banner nobles.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Banner nobles set up the Finance Bureau, took back the financial rights of the provinces, and prohibited the local government from borrowing foreign debts and any foreign investment in the local area. The Banner nobles themselves issued a large number of national bonds abroad, sold mines and railway assets, and sold shares in government-run factories in the Westernization Movement, etc. Wait.

Later, the banner nobles used the excuse of establishing a new army to disband the green camps of Han people who did not meet the new standards on a large scale. For example, the Huai army that pacified the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom dropped from nearly 20 people to 5 battalions, [-] people.

They said they wanted a constitutional monarchy, and the nobles of the banner set up an all-banner cabinet. The ratio of Han to ministers was even lower than that of the military aircraft offices of the Qing Dynasty in previous dynasties.

On the day when the Tartar Qing Dynasty disintegrated, there were warlords everywhere, because the banner nobles were indeed inhumane in the matter of inappropriateness.

In comparison, Daming's way of getting money seems a bit shabby, both face and face.

The most typical example is that the Emperor Jiajing used Yan Song, and in the end he had to use Yan Song if he wanted money, but using Yan Song would lead to rampant corruption, corruption of officials, and destruction of foundations. .

This is the dilemma of Daming's fiscal and taxation, which can be shortened to: the dilemma of Taoist chiefs who need both.

Daming couldn't manage the monopoly of government-run monopoly well. His Royal Highness King Xiang added firewood, rice, oil and salt to the government-run instead of monopoly, in order to promote the supply and marketing of official shops.

In fact, Yu Qian still has a third worry. He has extremely deep thinking about the Ming Dynasty's state system.

There are many problems that Yu Qian can solve, such as collective washrooms and toilets; for example, when the Ming Dynasty was in trouble with payment in the past, he could use advance payment to recover after the event;

Before the first year of Jingtai, Ming's armament rationing, one egg quota per soldier per day, changed from scrambled eggs and egg drop soup to a white water egg, that is, a boiled egg.

Because white water eggs can be quantified, but scrambled eggs and egg drop soup cannot.

In the reform of military equipment rationing in the Ming Dynasty, similar gray areas were eliminated one by one by Yu Qian. That is to say, even if Liu Pu returned to the capital that year, he would not be able to get a few 10 taels of silver through similar jackets.

Similarly, Liu Pu couldn't infiltrate His Majesty's side, because when he first infiltrated, Emperor Ming cut him off.

To this day, Zhu Qiyu still has not been able to find a disobedient courtier who dared to touch [I want to know how many bowls of rice the emperor eats], which is also a great regret for the emperor.

How many people can understand the distress of always being unable to catch fish?

Yu Qian took out a memorial from his sleeve, handed it to Xing'an, bowed his head and said: "Your Majesty, I have one last worry."

Zhu Qiyu opened the memorial, looked at it solemnly, closed the memorial with a heavy face and said, "Young Master Yu, don't worry."

Yu Shaobao, who was devoting himself to the great Ming, once again expended a lot of energy and sent an extremely heavy memorial to His Majesty.

For Yu Qian, any problem that can be resolved through administrative means is easy for him and does not require effort. Only problems that cannot be resolved through administrative means will be presented to His Majesty.

In this heavy memorial, there is a list of Daming Yinzhuang, a total of 370 people, and the savings in Daming Yinzhuang exceeded 70 million taels of silver.

The total savings of Daming Yinzhuang is only 700 million silver coins.

The content of this memorial is definitely not a specific number, but its proportion. There are about 4 merchants saving in Daming Yinzhuang.

That is to say, according to the savings of Daming Yinzhuang, we can get a glimpse of the leopard. Only in the sample of Daming Yinzhuang, 1% of people in Daming control more than 10% of Daming's wealth, and 2% of people control more than 58% of Daming's wealth .

This is the heaviness of Yu Qian's memorandum, because the collection and reserves of the Daming Yinzhuang Baoyuan Bureau are mainly concentrated in merchants and luxury households. If you look at the entire Daming, coupled with the high-quality means of production under control, that is, high-quality assets, The ratio of the gap between rich and poor will be even more terrifying.

Yu Qian said with a serious face: "Your Majesty, don't worry about being widowed but worry about unevenness, don't worry about poverty but worry about uneasiness, Gaijun has no poverty, no harmony, no peace and no inclination. If this is the case, if people from afar are not convinced, then cultivate literature and virtue. .They come, the security."

"And it is very likely that in the future, the poor will become poorer and the rich will become richer. It is obvious that it is unreliable to count on the conscience of the rich."

Xiu Wenyuan's Tao is a political thought derived by Confucius based on not worrying about the few but worrying about the inequality. It does not simply refer to equal distribution, but each gets its own share.

Come, come, this common saying is also based on this logic.

Even the decadent Confucian scholar, the stinking old nine, knows that the result of uneven distribution is the world's unrest.

Zhu Qiyu was silent for a long time and said for a while: "Let's hold on to the labor insurance bureau for the time being, so that farmers and craftsmen can get paid for their work. That's what we should do right now. As for the rest, I can only hope for Datong World."

"In a highly productive world, material resources are highly abundant, and there is no need to allocate them."

For the first time, Zhu Qiyu described the Datong world he imagined to Qian. It is the same as the journey of the great way, the world of the great way where the world is public. The culture is prosperous and everyone is virtuous, everyone respects the old and loves the young, and the material resources are so rich that no one is not full. ideal society.

The Hanlins of the Hanlin Academy are always creating dreams, creating a world of great harmony and an ideal country in their hearts, and it can even be said to be a kingdom of gods on earth.

And the affairs officers in charge of the Ming Dynasty, such as Yu Qian, Jiang Yuan, Yu Shiyue and other great masters, including the emperor of Ming Dynasty, rarely dreamed, but lived in reality, solving one real problem after another.

Only when I raised my head occasionally, looking at the utopia that seemed to be close at hand, I sighed with emotion, the road was long and difficult, and continued to work hard.

Daming is like this.