I have a store in the comic world

Zhou Wenwen knew what Jia Xu was talking about, the unique connection between heaven and man in the Han Dynasty!

The interaction between heaven and man refers to the interaction between heaven's will and human affairs.

It is an ancient Chinese philosophical term and an idealist theory on the relationship between heaven and man in Chinese philosophy.

The ancients believed that heaven can influence human affairs and foretell disasters and good fortunes, and that human behavior can also be influenced by heaven.

The most representative one is the Han Confucian Dong Zhongshu, who gave a detailed explanation in his answer to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's policy questions.

The written record of the thought of induction between heaven and man can be found in "Shang Shu·Hong Fan".

Shangshu Hongfan is also known as "Hongfan Jiuchu". The author comes from hundreds of schools of thought before the pre-Qin Dynasty. The specific author cannot be determined. The only thing that can be determined is the time of creation, which came from the Zhou Dynasty BC, but the source of the work is " "Four Books and Five Classics".

The Four Books and the Five Classics refer to the collective name of the "Four Books" and the "Five Classics". They are the core books studied by Confucian and Hakka students in the past dynasties.

Among the many literary works of Chinese traditional culture, the Four Books and Five Classics occupy a very important position.

The Four Books and Five Classics record in detail the historical facts on politics, military, diplomacy, culture and other aspects of China's early ideological and cultural development, as well as the important thoughts of thinkers such as Confucius and Mencius.

The four books listed are "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius".

Zhu Xi made annotations for these four books respectively. Among them, the annotations of "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are called "Zhangju", and the annotations of "The Analects" and "Mencius" are called "Collected Comments" because they quote many other people's sayings.

It is worth noting that the order of the "Four Books" compiled by Zhu Xi was originally "The Great Learning", "The Analects", "Mencius" and "The Doctrine of the Mean", which were arranged in the order of learning from the shallower to the deeper.

Because "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are short in length, later generations mentioned "The Doctrine of the Mean" before "The Analects" for the convenience of publishing, and it became the popular "Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius" in the year before last. order.

Because the "Four Books" annotated by Zhu Xi not only integrates the previous theories, but also has his own unique insights, it is of great use to the world.

In addition, due to the increasing status of "Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism" represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi brothers and Zhu Xi, after Zhu Xi's death, the imperial court approved the "Four Books" compiled and annotated by him as an official document.

It became popular from then on, and during the Yanyou period of the Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320), the imperial examination was resumed, and the scope of questions was officially limited to Zhu's "Four Books".

The Ming and Qing Dynasties followed the Yuan system and developed the "eight-legged essay" examination system. The questions were also taken from Zhu's "Four Books".

The Four Books is not only a Confucian classic, but also a must-read for every scholar.

In modern times, the "Four Books" were also included in primary and secondary school textbooks.

"The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", and "Spring and Autumn" are collectively called the "Five Classics". The Five Classics is the collective name for the five ancient classics that serve as the basis for Confucian studies. According to legend, they were all edited or revised by Confucius, one of the founders of Confucianism.

There is a saying that Confucianism originally had six classics, namely the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, the Rites, the Book of Music, the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the Book of Changes.

The First Emperor of Qin "burned books and encircled Confucians". It is said that the "Book of Music" was lost after the fire of Qin. On this basis, the Eastern Han Dynasty added "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Classic of Filial Piety", making a total of seven classics.

By the Tang Dynasty, "Spring and Autumn" was divided into "Three Zhuan", namely "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan", and "Gu Liang Zhuan", and "Book of Rites" was further divided into "Three Rites", namely "Zhou Rites", "Rites", "Book of Rites", and "Erya" were added to form the Twelve Classics.

"Mencius" was added in the Song Dynasty, and later the "Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics" engraved by the Song Dynasty were handed down.

The "Thirteen Classics" have therefore become the basic works of Confucian culture. In terms of traditional concepts, "Yi", "Poetry", "Book", "Li" and "Spring and Autumn" are called "Classics".

"Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan", and "Gu Liang Zhuan" belong to the "Zhuan" of "Spring and Autumn Classic", "Book of Rites", "Xiao Jing", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius" are all "Ji". "Erya" is an exegesis work by the Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty.

The later Five Classics refer to: "Book of Changes", "Book of Records", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", and "Zuo Zhuan".

Because the text of "Chun Qiu" is too simple, it is usually published together with "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" which explain "Chun Qiu".

The name of the Four Books began in the Song Dynasty, and the name of the Five Classics began in the Han Dynasty.

In July 2008, Tsinghua University acquired a batch of Warring States bamboo slips, totaling about 7 pieces.

After expert appraisal, all its contents are ancient books, including many classics and historical documents.

Previously, the first and second series of Tsinghua Briefs were published at the end of 2010 and 2011 respectively.

Among the Tsinghua bamboo slips released this time, the three chapters of "Fu Shuo Zhi Ming" have attracted attention because their content is completely different from the "Shuo Ming" chapter of the pseudo-ancient text "Shang Shu" that appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This once again proves that the pseudo-ancient text handed down from ancient times has The ancient text "Book of Documents" was forged by later generations.

Another kind of academic fraud in ancient times is called false trust.

This kind of forged work is different from today's academic fraud. This kind of author only wants his work to be passed down to the world, and neither seeks fame nor profit.

Therefore, although they are pseudo-authored works, they often lack academic value, and some of them are extremely important documents.

"Yu Gong" is one of the oldest surviving historical books in my country, "Shang Shu".

Scholars in the past believed that "Yu Gong" was written by a Xia Dynasty historian or even Yu himself, but this has long been denied by the academic community.

Because in the 30s, Gu Jiegang put forward the view that "Yu Gong" was written during the Warring States Period.

One of the most interesting evidences is: "Yu Gong" mentions a river "He", which refers to the water. It was a canal dug by Wu King Fu Chai in 483 BC to compete with the Jin Dynasty for hegemony.

From this point of view, we can conclude that "Yu Gong" was composed after 483 BC.

In addition, "The Rites of Zhou" was actually written between the two Han Dynasties, and "Zhuangzi" except for eight chapters were written by later generations. The dispute over the version of "The Analects" is actually a debate about authenticity.

The literary genre of "Shangshu" is prose, and its earliest source is the governing law stated by Jizi to King Wu of Zhou Dynasty.

"Shangshu" is also an ancient historical document, recording information starting from Yao and Shun to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

Although the authenticity of some chapters has been questioned, generally speaking, it can still show the basic concepts and practical actions of the ancients (especially the ruling class).

An overview of Hong Fan: (1) Five Elements, (2) Respect for the Five Things, (3) Eight Policies for Agriculture, (4) Cooperate with the Five Disciplines, (5) Use Huangji for Construction, (6) Use the Three Virtues for Yi, (7) ) Ming uses suspicion, (8) Nian uses common people's signs, (9) Xiang uses five blessings, and power uses six poles.

The above nine major categories are enough to construct a country.

From natural materials to human attributes, from government affairs planning to the laws of celestial phenomena, and then the supreme ideal - "Huangji" is introduced, which is used as the guiding principle of the country, that is, the group of people forms the country to embody absolute justice.

......

To be continued

Chapter 006 Preview "Shang Shu"