I have a store in the comic world

The "Biography" clearly states that Xuan Gong changed the Ancient Yi and the heavens responded to it and there were disasters, which is the meaning of the reaction between heaven and man.

"Spring and Autumn Gongyang Zhuan" explicitly points out as many as sixteen times: "Why is this a book? It records disasters." It also points out thirty-two times: "Why is this a book? It records differences."

For example, "Big Yin. Who is the big Yin? Drought sacrifice. But why not talk about drought? If you talk about drought, drought will be seen; if you talk about drought, xun will not be seen. Why write? It is to record disasters."

He Xiu's note said: "When there is a drought, the political and religious affairs do not respond. First, Duke Huan has no royal behavior. He is hired by the emperor. He becomes arrogant and goes hunting far away from the country. The big city is Zhuqiu, so this drought occurs."

According to He Xiu's explanation, the drought was the result of the failure of the political and religious governments to respond.

Therefore, "Hanshu Five Elements Chronicles" says: "Zhou Daowei, Confucius described the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the yin and yang of "Qian" and "Kun", the faults and signs of "Hongfan", and the way of heaven and man are clearly revealed."

The Mohist theory at that time Mozi believed that those who love and benefit others will be blessed by Heaven, and those who are evil and treason will be punished by Heaven.

Dong Zhongshu absorbed Mozi's concept of heavenly punishment.

"Spring and Autumn Fanlu·Jiaoyu": "Seeing this from Heaven is indispensable, just as the Lord is indispensable in doing things."

"If you are not careful about your master, the disaster will be obvious. If you are not fearful and respectful of heaven, the disaster will be dark. If you don't see the end of it, it will be natural."

"Therefore, it is said: The hall is like the sky, and there is no need to establish a school to express disaster. It is silent and silent, latent and invisible. From this point of view, the difference between heaven's disaster and the main punishment is that it is dark and obvious."

The Mohist view of Heaven and Dao was learned and absorbed by Dong Zhongshu, and it played an important theoretical contribution in the construction of his Confucian system.

Dong Zhongshu also "used the changes in disasters and disasters in "Spring and Autumn" to deduce that Yin and Yang acted wrongly" and inherited the theory of disasters and disasters in "Gongyang Zhuan".

In response to the countermeasures of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he said:

"I would like to note that during the Spring and Autumn Period, I looked at the things that have been done in the past life and watched the heavens and humans interact with each other. It is very scary."

"The country will be immoral and defeated, but Heaven will first send out disasters to warn them, but they don't know how to reflect on themselves, and then send out strange things to warn them, and they still don't know how to change, so they will be hurt and defeated."

"This shows that Heaven's heart is benevolent and loves people and wants to stop their chaos."

"...In later generations, when the prostitutes have declined and are unable to govern all living beings, the princes have their backs, killing thieves and good people in order to fight for soil, and abolishing moral education and subjecting them to punishment."

"If the punishment is not met, evil will arise; evil will accumulate at the bottom and resent the evil animals above. If the upper and lower are not harmonious, the yin and yang will be confused and evil will be born. This disaster arises from a different cause."

Dong Zhongshu used Shi Xue (Yin Yang and Five Elements) to develop or develop the idea of ​​​​the interaction between heaven and man in "Spring and Autumn". His theory is indeed strange and incredible, but it is by no means created out of nothing, but is based on the spirit of "Spring and Autumn"'s changes in nature and man. .

Therefore, Dong Zhongshu inherited the idea of ​​the Five Elements in the Confucian tradition of "Hong Fan" and carried it forward, establishing a set of cosmological theories that encompassed heaven and man.

Dong Zhongshu believes that the universe is composed of five different attributes: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.

These five different attributes complement each other and constitute a reasonable cosmic relationship. For example, wood generates fire, fire generates earth, earth generates metal, metal generates water, and water generates wood. On the other hand, water beats fire, fire beats gold, metal beats wood, wood beats earth, and earth beats water.

The mutual generation of the five elements is a generation relationship, and the mutual victory of the five elements is a transformation and rescue relationship.

The universe changes according to the relationship between the five elements and thus becomes an understandable and reasonable universe.

For example, the nature of wood governs birth, so it is spring, the nature of fire governs growth, so it is summer, the nature of earth governs nourishment, so it is summer, the nature of metal governs harvest, so it is autumn, and the nature of water governs storage, so it is winter.

Use the Five Elements to explain the Heavenly Hours, and the Heavenly Hours can be understood rationally.

Because according to Dong Zi, not only the weather is composed of the five elements, but also the human affairs are composed of the five elements. For example, if wood has the nature of spring, it should be based on agriculture and encourages farming without taking away the farming time. Fire has the nature of growing in summer, so it is appropriate to select virtuous people who can reward meritorious deeds and be virtuous.

Earth is the nature of cultivation, and it is suitable to follow the system of the palace and the separation of husband and wife. Metal is the gathering of autumn, and it is suitable to punish the guilty, attack the unruly, and gather the world. Water is the nature of winter storage, and it is suitable to respect the sacrifices of the four seasons and the order of Dilu Zhaomu.

In this way, when people and affairs are understood according to the five elements, they will be reasonable and understandable.

Therefore, according to Dong Zi’s theory of the composition of the universe, the universe is rationally arranged according to the five elements. The sun, moon, stars, spring, summer, autumn and winter, mountains, rivers, earth, fish, insects, birds and beasts all operate and form reasonably according to the nature of the five elements. Therefore, there should be no disasters between the human world and the natural world. Existence is due to the fact that the disasters in the human world and the differences in nature are all caused by the rational generation and operation of the five elements.

However, from a practical point of view, the relationship between the five elements that reasonably constitutes the universe is often broken, that is, the reasonable universe in which the five elements are mutually reinforcing and interfering will be in an unreasonable and absurd state due to the disorder of the five elements.

In this way, the movements of the sun, moon, stars, spring, summer, autumn and winter will be out of order, and the formation of mountains, rivers, earth, fish, insects, birds and beasts will be abnormal, that is, disasters and strange phenomena will occur.

In other words, disasters are caused by the destruction of the reasonable cosmic relationship based on the five elements.

Therefore, Dong Zi also specifically discussed in a chapter of "Spring and Autumn Fanlu: Controlling Chaos in the Five Elements" that the reason for the occurrence of disasters is the destruction of the reasonable relationship between the five elements.

Dong Zi said:

"With fire and dry wood, savage insects emerge early and thunder strikes early."

"The soil is dry and the wood is dry, the embryos are young and the eggs are broken, and there are many injuries from birds and insects."

"Gold and dry wood bring soldiers; water and dry wood bring frost in spring."

"If earth is dry and fire is present, there will be thunder; if metal is dry and fire is present, there will be thunder and fire."

"Water dries fire, causing hail in summer; wood dries fire, and the earth trembles. Metal dries earth, which damages the grains and causes disaster."

"When water dries up the soil, there will be cold rain and frost in summer; when wood dries up the soil, there will be no insects; when fire dries up the soil, there will be severe drought."

"If water is dry to gold, fish will not grow; if wood is dry to gold, vegetation will regenerate; if fire is dry to gold, vegetation will grow in autumn; if earth is dry to gold, grain will not grow."

"If wood dries water, the hibernating insects will not hide in winter; if earth dries water, then hibernating insects will emerge in winter; if fire dries water, then stars will fall; if metal dries water, then winter will be severe."

Although Dong Zi used the theory of the Five Elements to explain the causes of disasters, it is not enough to say that heaven and humans are sensing it. It is also necessary to further explain why human behavior disrupts the order of the Five Elements (Heaven) and leads to disasters.

In order to further explain the reason for the induction of heavenly beings, Dong Zi also proposed the theory of qi chemistry. Dong Zi believed that the heaven, earth, and the universe were made of gas, and humans lived in the fusion of yin and yang qi between heaven and earth, just like fish living in the inclusion of water.

It's just that water can be seen physically, but the vastness of the vaporized universe is difficult to see.

Therefore, between heaven and earth, and in the universe, although it is virtual, it is real (reality means that it is filled with Qi and is made of Qi).

In this universe made of gas, human Qi and the Qi of heaven, earth and the universe circulate and penetrate each other, so human Qi will affect the Qi of the entire heaven, earth and universe.

If a person's Qi is harmonious and suitable, and this Qi mixes with the Qi of heaven, earth and the universe, the transformation of heaven and earth will be beautiful, and the auspiciousness will appear.

If a person's Qi is disordered and perverse, and this Qi is incompatible with the Qi of the heaven, earth and the universe, the order of the heaven and earth will be disrupted, and disasters and anomalies will occur.

It can be seen from this that Dong Zi used the qi-transformed universe as the basis for the interaction between heaven and man, and used the number of qi phases between humans and heaven to explain the occurrence of disasters.

Although the traces of the correspondence between heaven and humans are invisible and invisible, there is indeed a cause-and-effect relationship between humans and heaven in the vaporized universe.

......

To be continued

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