I have a store in the comic world

Chapter 060 Clear Heart Mirror

If the temperature is low enough, it can solidify into ice with water, air, or moisture in the body (blood). Freezing can cause matter to break. When the cold reaches the extreme, it can break matter, mass, energy, and anything that threatens life can change the properties of objects. Movement (movement) speed.

For vacuum, the temperature is expressed as the ambient temperature, which is a manifestation of the average kinetic energy between the molecules in the object in the vacuum environment.

When an object is in different vacuums radiated by different heat sources, the temperature of the object is different. This phenomenon is the vacuum environment temperature.

For example, an object in space closer to the sun has a higher temperature; an object in space farther from the sun has a lower temperature. This is the effect of solar radiation on the temperature of the space environment.

The temperature of gases in the atmosphere is air temperature, which is a common term in meteorology.

It is directly affected by insolation: the more insolation, the higher the temperature. Domestically expressed on the Celsius temperature scale (c).

The ground temperature mentioned by the meteorological department refers to the temperature in the shutter about 1.5m above the ground.

The main instrument used by weather stations to measure air temperature near the ground is actually a glass tube thermometer filled with mercury or alcohol.

Because the thermometer itself has a greater ability to absorb solar heat than the air, the reading indicated by the sun is often higher than the actual temperature of the air around it. Therefore, when measuring the air temperature near the ground, the thermometer is usually placed about 1.5m above the ground. In a louvered box with ventilation on all sides.

The temperature at which absolute zero is used as the starting point for calculations. That is, the temperature of the triple point of water is accurately defined as the temperature obtained after 273.16K. In the past, it was also called the absolute temperature.

Kelvin temperature is commonly represented by the symbol K, and its unit is Kelvin, which is defined as 1/273.16 of the triple point temperature of water. The difference between the Kelvin temperature and the Celsius temperature that people are accustomed to using is a constant 273.15, that is, =+273.15 (which is the symbol of Celsius temperature).

For example, the triple point temperature of water expressed in Celsius is 0.01c, while in Kelvin it is 273.16K.

The difference between Kelvin temperature and Celsius temperature is only that the starting point for calculating temperature is different, that is, the zero point is different. They differ from each other by a constant and can be converted to each other.

The difference between these two is not to be confused with the difference between thermodynamic temperature and International Practical Temperature, which is a difference of definition.

Thermodynamic temperature can be expressed as the Kelvin temperature; similarly, the International Practical Temperature Scale temperature can also be expressed as the Kelvin temperature.

Of course, they can also be expressed in degrees Celsius.

So 1c=274.15K, 0c=273.15K.

Having said that, ice is ice, temperature control is temperature control, refrigerators, air conditioners, central air conditioners are still refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners. What is the relationship between these three?

And this will involve refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners. But don't worry, this will not talk about refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners in detail, but will discuss refrigeration.

Students who have dismantled, repaired, or installed refrigerators and air conditioners know that refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners themselves do not actually cool, but the compressor is responsible for refrigeration.

The refrigerant used in the compressor is Freon.

The raw materials for producing hydrogen fluoride are fluorite and sulfuric acid. The process requires catalysts, pressurized reactors, reactors and other modern instruments. It is very simple, but in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, this was basically impossible.

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As early as 1800, Thomas More, an inventive Maryland farmer, found the right method.

At the time he owned a farm about 20 miles outside Washington, where the village of Georgetown was the market center.

When he shipped butter to market in a refrigerator of his own design, he found that customers would walk past the rapidly melting butter in competitors' buckets and pay him more than the market price for butter that was still fresh, hard, and neatly sliced. A pound of butter.

Mohr said one benefit of his refrigerator is that farmers don't have to go to market at night to keep their produce cold.

In 1822, the famous British physicist Faraday discovered the phenomenon that gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and chlorine turn into liquids under pressurized conditions and turn into gases when the pressure is reduced.

In the process of changing from liquid to gas, a large amount of heat is absorbed, causing the surrounding temperature to drop rapidly.

Faraday's discovery provided a theoretical basis for later generations to invent artificial refrigeration technologies such as compressors.

The first artificial refrigeration compressor was invented by Harrison in 1851.

Harrison was the owner of Australia's Geelong Advertiser. When he used ether to clean lead type, he discovered that ether coating on metal had a strong cooling effect.

Ether is a liquid with a very low boiling point, which easily evaporates and absorbs heat.

After research, Harrison developed a freezer using ether and a refrigerator pressure pump, and applied it to a brewery in Victoria, Australia, for cooling during brewing.

Later, in 1873, German chemist and engineer Carl von Linde invented a refrigerator using fluorine as the refrigerant.

Linde used a small steam engine to drive the compression system, causing ammonia to be repeatedly compressed and evaporated to produce refrigeration.

Linde first applied his invention to the Sedummar brewery in Wiesbaden, designing and manufacturing an industrial refrigerator.

Later, he improved industrial refrigerators. To miniaturize it, the world's first artificially refrigerated household refrigerator was created in 1879.

The steam-powered refrigerator was quickly put into production, and by 1891, 12000 units had been sold in Germany and the United States.

But the first refrigerator that used an electric motor to drive a compressor was invented by Swedish engineers Breton and Mendes in 1923.

Later, an American company bought their patent and produced the first batch of household refrigerators in 1925.

The electric compressor and the refrigerated box of the original refrigerator were separated. The latter was usually placed in the kiln or storage room of the home and was connected to the electric compressor through pipes. Later, the two were combined into one.

Because before the 20s, most of the refrigerants used in refrigerators were unsafe, such as ether, ammonia, sulfuric acid, etc., which were either flammable, corrosive, or irritating.

Later, I started to search for safer refrigerants and found Freon.

Freon is a non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-flammable fluorine compound. It soon became the refrigerant for various refrigeration equipment and has been used for more than 50 years.

However, it was also found that Freon has a destructive effect on the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere. So people began to look for new and better refrigerants.

What about the air conditioner here?

Around 1700 BC, the Babylonians had invented an ancient air-conditioning system that used wind rods installed on the roof to blow the natural wind from the outside through the cold water and into the room, making people indoors feel cool.

In the 19th century, British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying a certain gas could freeze the air. This phenomenon occurred when liquefied ammonia evaporated. At that time, his idea was still theoretical.

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To be continued

Chapter 061 Principle of Working of Preview