Rebirth 93: Break off the engagement at the beginning and marry Bai Fumei

Chenghua Doucai flower and butterfly pattern jar, the jar is 9.3 cm high, 7.4 cm in diameter, and 9.4 cm in full diameter. This porcelain jar has a straight mouth, plump shoulders, flat and round belly, and round feet. The base is "Made in the Chenghua Year of the Ming Dynasty". The colors are composed of blue and white, red, yellow, green and ocher, and the pattern is flowers, with several colorful butterflies flying among them.

As mentioned before, doucai, also known as doucai, was created during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. It is a decorative variety that combines underglaze (blue and white) and overglaze colors. Chenghua doucai is a rare treasure of my country's fired porcelain. The porcelain body is thin and light, the glaze is smooth, the colors are bright, and the picture is clear and elegant. Representative works include chicken jar cup, Chenghua doucai bowl with three autumn patterns, Gao Shi cup, Grape cups, baby play cups, Tianzi jars, etc. are all exquisite products.

In particular, Chenghua doucai was imitated in almost every dynasty after Chenghua, and reached its peak in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty. The three giants of antique imitation - Qianlong, Yongzheng and Kangxi. You imitated them and I imitated them. After I imitated them, I told my son to continue imitating them!

The imitation craftsmanship of the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties each had its own merits, and individual works were of a very high level. Later imitation Chenghua imperial kiln porcelain mainly refers to a type of imitation that imitates the original work in terms of shape, decoration, and year. For example, the Kangxi dynasty imitations Hua Dou color chicken jar cup, Yongzheng Dynasty imitation Hua Dou color pot with sea animal pictures, Yongzheng Dynasty imitation Hua Dou color group lotus pattern lid jar, etc., regardless of shape, glaze, pattern, color, style, etc., all achieve the purpose of use. It is difficult for people to distinguish authenticity from fakes. Some antique experts in later generations also compiled poems.

In Chenghua, Dou Cai is a favorite of future generations, and in Ming Dynasty, Dou Cai is imitated.

The color is not sparse enough and too bright, and the Kangxi imitation is vulgar.

If it is not refined enough or arrogant enough, the Yongzheng imitation is the most mature.

The imitations are like the real ones and have developed, but the prices are higher and they are special-shaped.

The imitation cannot be seen for real, it means appreciating the human spirit.

Although the imitations of the third dynasty of the Qing Dynasty are the best, compared with the real Chenghua Doucai porcelain, there are still differences and cannot reach the level of authenticity. Among them, the biggest difference is that the Chenghua Doucai porcelain imitated by the third generation of the Qing Dynasty all has an obvious Qing Dynasty style, such as color and craftsmanship, and strives to be refined, unlike the Chenghua Doucai porcelain that often presents an extensive style. . To identify this kind of imitations, one should carefully observe the shape, decorative painting techniques, characters and characters, and the processing technology of the base and feet of the utensils to look for flaws.

It is obvious that the Chenghua Doucai flower and butterfly pattern jar in front of you was imitated during the Kangxi era, and it is not difficult to see from its characteristics that it is an imitation of an official kiln!

The middle-aged brother looked at Chen Yang's serious look and asked casually, is this thing good?

"It's a good thing, but it's just not up to date!" Chen Yang raised his head and smiled slightly, saying that if he had taken out these two items earlier, he wouldn't have had to waste so much time. These are good items.

"Boss Chen, what do you mean without a substitute?"

Hearing the middle-aged brother ask this, Qin Haofeng smiled slightly at the side. He and Zhu Zhu had learned these professional terms for a long time. At first, Chen Yang wrote the meaning of some terms for them, and both of them quickly remembered them. , the key is that Chen Yang just popped out a new word, and the two of them had to remember it.

Chen Yang picked up the jar and pointed at the invoice at the bottom, "See the invoice written on the bottom of your jar, was it made in the Chenghua Year of the Ming Dynasty? "Not dated" means that it was not made in the Chenghua Year of the Ming Dynasty! "

The middle-aged brother nodded after hearing this. It was just as he thought, it was just an imitation. Then he said with some regret on his face, "Oh, that's just an imitation!"

Chen Yang smiled and shook his head, "Brother, you may not think this is an imitation, but this object is definitely a good imitation!" As he spoke, he pointed at the coral-red eight-treasure twig lotus with golden Ruyi ears from the Daoguang period. Bottle, "Better than this!"

"Ah!" The middle-aged brother was stunned. How could the imitation be better than the real thing?

While looking at the jar, Chen Yang told the middle-aged brother about the secret behind it, "This jar, from the perspective of craftsmanship, is a colorful flower and butterfly pattern jar!"

"This technique is called doucai. Doucai is also called doucai. It was created during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. It is a decorative variety that combines underglaze color (blue and white) and overglaze color. This process is pre-heated at a high temperature of 1300 On the underglaze blue and white porcelain fired at 800°C, the glaze is filled with bright red, green, yellow, purple and other colors to fill the gaps left by the underglaze blue and white pattern and the space within the blue and white outline, and then again It is baked in a small kiln at low temperature (°C).”

"Because there are many colors on and off the glaze, it creates a scene of competing colors, so it is called Doucai."

There were imitations in all dynasties after Chenghua, among which the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns had the most imitations, and the characteristics of each period were different. Therefore, it is not difficult to tell at a glance that this is an imitation of the Chenghua colored pot made in the Kangxi year.

The middle-aged elder brother nodded after listening, and seemed to understand somewhat. Since so many dynasties are imitating, how to distinguish between different dynasties?

"I won't tell you about other dynasties yet," Chen Yang put the jar away and reached out to touch it, "I will tell you how to distinguish between Chenghua and Kangxi!"

Since it is based on blue and white, we must first look at the blue and white, Chenghua and Kangxi eras. Because the utensils use blue materials from different regions, the colors of blue and white are obviously different.

The Chenghua period blue and white used Pingping green material produced in Jiangxi, and the color was light and elegant, and the five colors on the glaze appeared softer; while the Kangxi blue and white used pearl green material produced in Yunnan, the color was too green and bright, and it was inconsistent with the five colors on the glaze. Painted together they look slightly rich.

After looking at the blue and white flowers, we then looked at the glazes of the two artifacts. The glaze of the Chenghua artifacts was as warm and moist as jade, and the glaze was bright cyan. It is said that it was caused by the addition of "Macang soil" to the porcelain clay. According to legend, in the early years of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, some said that by the Jiajing year, this soil had been used up, so the glazes of later generations no longer have this feature.

During the Kangxi period, due to the thorough washing of the fetal soil, the texture of the fetus was fine and firm, commonly known as "glutinous rice fetus". The glaze of the porcelain was white and bright, pink-white, and the carcass was thick. Even the thin carcass had the characteristics of a beater. This porcelain jar has a white glaze with a medium tint. Cyan, this is also one of the important basis for identifying the authenticity of Chengdu.

Thug? The middle-aged brother was stunned after hearing this. Can he still hit this object in his hand?

Qin Haofeng and Zhuzi looked at each other and thought, here comes another new term!

"Brother, that's not what you mean!" Chen Yang smiled and waved his hand, "This thug is in our industry, and it means pressing the hand. For items of the same size, one is heavier."

"For example, I know that an object should weigh 500 grams, but when I hold it in my hand, it feels too heavy."

The middle-aged elder brother nodded, indicating that he understood.

"Chenghua Dou Cai is expensive, and Ye Hua only paints the front side.

The discoloration of the flower center is obvious, and the identification of the inscription is profound. "

"The meaning of this passage is that Chenghua's doucai is rich in coloring. Only the front side of the leaves and flowers are shown, and the sides are not painted. The stamens are not necessarily yellow, but various colors. The inscription is heavy and deep. Tire surface."

As he spoke, Chen Yang pointed to the flower leaves on the jar and explained it to the middle-aged brother. The middle-aged elder brother came over to take a look. I don't know if the coloring is good or not, but the flowers are all painted on the front, and there is no one on the side. Doesn't this conform to Chenghua characteristics?

Chen Yang chuckled, "Brother, they say it's an imitation. If it doesn't look like it at all, is it still an imitation? Then wouldn't you make it yourself?"

“We can’t just look at one part and it’s right, it has to be all right!”

"Compared with the Chenghua period, the branches and leaves depicted in the Kangxi period are more slender, the blue and white hair color is darker, and the branches and leaves are more distinct. This is due to the influence of the ink painting techniques at that time on the blue and white water separation techniques. In addition, the utensils are relatively It also looks fairer and clearer with Chenghua.”

At this point, Chen Yang was about to continue talking when the middle-aged brother interrupted Chen Yang, "Boss Chen, you just said that Zhuming material was used during the Kangxi period. Although I don't know what Zhuming material is, I think this The leaves are of average color, and they don’t have the green and bright feeling you mentioned!”

"Brother, blue and white flowers...leaves?" Chen Yang was stunned for a moment, and then he wanted to understand what was going on. This big brother hadn't figured out what color the blue and white flowers were yet!

"No, brother, you got it wrong," Chen Yang smiled slightly, "Blue and white refers to blue, look at the blue here!" As he spoke, Chen Yang pointed out the blue and white at the bottom of the jar to the middle-aged brother. With.

"The sky is blue and waiting for smoke..." Forget it, I can't say this!

"Oh!" After listening to Chen Yang's explanation, the middle-aged brother slapped his forehead fiercely, "Then I understand. I said you just said to use blue and white to outline the edges of the pattern, and then fill in the colors. Why didn't I see it? Where is the green sideline? It turns out to be a blue sideline, there it is!"

Finally, it was time to look at the base money. Chen Yang lifted the jar, pointed to the bottom mark book and talked about the characteristics of Chenghua's base money.

"The rounded tip of the big characters is not very high, and the characters are straight and straight.

The calligrapher's Qiping slightly has a slightly raised head, and his calligraphy-making clothes are less horizontal and wider than the sword.

Tomorrow is narrow and average year is fat, with a little head, shoulders and waist. "

This is the characteristic of the Chenghua style. The first sentence is that the second stroke of the big character in the mark is pointed and rounded, but not too high; the second sentence is that the fifth stroke of the Cheng character is straight and stiff. In the third stroke, there are those that stand straight down, which are written as "]", and those that bend to the left, which are written as "〖".

The third sentence means that the upper ends of the "任" on the left side of the character "Hua" and the "七" on the right side are basically the same, or slightly higher on the right side, but there is not much difference in height; "Horizontal" paintings generally do not go beyond the vertical knife on the right, and most of the characters are thicker at the top and narrower at the bottom.

The fifth sentence is that the "日" on the left side of the word "明" is usually narrow at the top and wide at the bottom or the same width at the top and bottom, which is different from the general customary writing method. The heads of the sun and moon are basically the same, with little difference between high and low. The sixth sentence is about the dot at the end of the character. The dot is above the "horizontal" drawing (normal writing, that is, the head), and the dot is between the "horizontal" stroke and the "horizontal" stroke. "Draw the flat part (i.e. the shoulders), and draw the part below the horizontal part (i.e. the waist).

Looking at the base of this porcelain, it is obviously not in line with the style of the Chenghua base. On the contrary, it is more like the writing style of the Kangxi period.

"Based on all the above phenomena, brother, I conclude that this is an imitation of the official kiln doucai flower and butterfly pattern jar made during the Kangxi period!"