Treasure Appraisal: My eyes can identify all things

"This is...the seal of the Warring States Period!"

Wu Yong's eyes were full of shock!

He never expected that there was a mystery hidden in the base of this crooked turquoise-green glazed Bodhidharma statue.

A Warring States Tiger Button Seal is hidden.

The seal is only about 2.5cm square and almost 1.5cm high.

It is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, in the shape of an overturned bucket.

The seal is in the shape of a tiger button.

The whole thing is very mini, with dark green patina all over the body, revealing a strong atmosphere of historical vicissitudes.

Liu Ruiming looked at the small seal carefully, his eyes full of surprise: "Yes, it is a style from the Warring States Period, a tiger button bronze seal!"

There was a trace of surprise in Jiang Cheng's eyes: "Seal of the Warring States Period?"

Wu Yong's eyes flashed with excitement, he opened the seal and looked at it carefully.

After a long time, I couldn't help but exclaimed: "It's Zhou Wen! It's indeed a square-inch seal from the Warring States Period."

Jiang Cheng's head was filled with questions.

Liu Ruiming looked at Liu Ruiming and asked in confusion: "Master, what is Zhou Wen?"

Liu Ruiming took a deep breath, calmed down for a moment and said: "The so-called seal script, also known as the big seal script, got its name because it was recorded in the calligraphy book "Shi Zhou Pian". It was popular in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and was simplified from the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions. A kind of text.

At the end of the Warring States Period, the writing styles of different countries were quite different. The same writing style was written in one country.

Different from other countries, Qin's writing followed the style of bronze inscriptions and was slightly simplified. Therefore, before the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Qin generally used Zhenwen as its official writing.

It was not until 221 BC that Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms. The books had the same text, the carriages were on the same track, and weights and measures were unified. The writing changed from the previous large seal script to the small seal script.

In other words, this seal is the seal of the Qin Dynasty during the Warring States Period. "

Jiang Cheng suddenly realized that the bronze seal from the Warring States Period was so valuable if it was judged by both eyes.

At this time, Wu Yong was studying the inscriptions on the seal. Without raising his head, he ordered Jiang Cheng: "Xiao Jiang! Hurry up and get the white paper and seal pad!"

Jiang Cheng glanced at Liu Ruiming, saw Liu Ruiming nodded, and said nothing. He got up and went into Liu Ruiming's study, took out a piece of rice paper and a box of ink pads from the drawer, and put them in front of Wu Yong.

Wu Yong couldn't wait to dip some ink pad on it and lightly press it twice on the rice paper.

Then he studied the words on the seal carefully.

Liu Ruiming and the other three also gathered around the stone table curiously and looked at the printed words carefully.

Jiang Cheng looked at it with confusion. He felt that the printed words were crooked and twisted, like ghostly talismans. They were even more obscure than the words on the talisman, and he couldn't even recognize a single word.

Wu Yong just looked at the printed five words quietly, and few of them dared to say a word.

After a long time, Wu Yong exclaimed again: "This... this is actually the martingale seal made by Daliang!"

"Daliang made a martingale seal?"

Several people were confused for a while.

Even Liu Ruiming was a little confused.

Wu Yong was ecstatic in his heart, and the corner of his mouth turned up harder than an AK: "Daliang Zao is the official name of the Qin State, but the key point is not Daliang Zao, but the word martingale!"

Seeing the confused expressions on their faces, Wu Yong smiled and asked Liu Ruiming: "Mr. Liu, you should know the meaning of the seal, right?"

Liu Ruiming nodded and said: "The seal means the letter, which means that the seal represents the symbol of the establishment of an ancient credit system!"

Wu Yong smiled and said: "Mr. Liu is worthy of being called Mr. Liu. He is indeed knowledgeable. So, does Mr. Liu know where the turning point of this seal culture is?"

Liu Ruiming smiled faintly: "Hahaha... Professor Wu is taking the exam again!"

Then he started to explain: "After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Zhou Rites" was formed, which was used to standardize the etiquette among scholar-bureaucrats. There is a saying that 'the etiquette does not extend to the common people, and the punishment does not extend to the officials'. What it means is that the etiquette is limited to It was shared among scholar-bureaucrats. There was no etiquette exchange between scholar-bureaucrats and common people.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, rituals collapsed and Zhou rites no longer existed. Scholar-officials no longer trusted each other, and there was no trusting relationship between scholar-officials and civilians.

Therefore, at this time, seals came into being, ranging from the king's seal to the official seal, which represented the private seal of the scholar-bureaucrat.

For example, when official documents recorded on bamboo slips need to be transferred but do not want to be peeked during the transfer process, the bamboo slips will be sealed with mud and the official seal will be printed on the mud. When the lower-level officials take over the documents, they only need to ensure that the seal is intact. It means they can trust each other.

Therefore, the emergence of seals was equivalent to the establishment of a credit system, but trust at that time was limited to scholar-bureaucrats.

It was not until Shang Yang's reform and the incident of city gate erection that the legal system of the Qin State was gradually improved. Private seals became popular in large numbers. Scholar-officials and common people could also establish mutual trust through seals. Later, common people also used seals to establish mutual trust. Seal to build trust. "

At this point, Liu Ruiming seemed to realize something, and was suddenly startled. His eyes were fixed on the five printed words on the rice paper.

"Professor Wu, could it be that the character Yang refers to Shang Yang?"

Wu Yong's eyes flashed with excitement and he nodded: "Daliang Zao is the highest noble title in the Qin Kingdom from the period of Qin Xiaogong to the time when Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and it controls the military and political power.

The seal of the State of Qin was awarded the official position of Daliangzhao, and there were only four people in total, Shang Yang, Liáoyou, Gongsun Yan, and Bai Qi.

And this Daliang made martingale, who else could it be if he wasn’t Shang Yang? "

As soon as these words came out, even Qian Youren couldn't help but gasp.

Jiang Cheng was stunned. He never expected that the small seal he took was actually the official seal of the famous Shang Yang in history.

No wonder it's worth so much money.

Wu Yong said excitedly: "Xiao Jiang, I didn't expect that this priceless treasure is hidden in the Bodhidharma portrait you took!"

"Shang Yang has mixed reviews in history. He was a famous representative of Legalism during the Warring States Period. It can be said that he not only transformed the Qin State from weak to strong, but also made the country stronger than ever before, and finally unified the six countries and established the history of China. The greatest contributor to the first feudal dynasty in the world, and the chief culprit who persecuted the Chinese people for more than two thousand years."

Jiang Cheng couldn't understand what he heard: "Professor Wu, I know that the state of Qin began to change after Shang Yang's reform. The national power changed from weak to strong. Qin was able to unify the six countries. Shang Yang's reform was crucial. What is going on with the persecution of the Chinese people?"

Wu Yong explained: "I don't know if you have heard of "The Book of Shang Jun", which records various methods of Shang Yang's reforms. I won't say much about the rest. The weak people in it, with cruel laws and harsh laws, The reward and punishment system weakened the people's strength. It can be said that at that time, the people of the Qin State had no third way out except farming and fighting. The people had no time to think about resistance except working and fighting, thus strengthening the monarch's rule.

The idea of ​​using evil people to manage good people and make the people weak and the country strong had a profound impact on the feudal autocratic rule of later generations. It can be said that the feudal dynasties after the Qin Dynasty basically followed this idea to a greater or lesser extent, and even until now some companies 996 The system and wolf culture were more or less deeply influenced by Shang Yang's thought of weakening the people.

Therefore, Shang Yang persecuted the Chinese people for more than two thousand years! "

Jiang Cheng was suddenly enlightened and couldn't help but gasped: "No wonder there are so many arrogant little leaders in the company now. Employees who are honest and responsible are not reused, and people who only flatter themselves are appreciated and promoted by the boss. After making things difficult, it turns out that the roots are all here!"

Liu Ruiming let out a long sigh: "Hey! So, history is not just the past, but a continuous reincarnation!"