Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

Someone has thought about it. According to the anchor's example of pancakes and mung bean soup, these types of production and transactions are considered GDP statistics.

If calculated according to this, then in the small-scale peasant economy that produces and sells itself, that is, under the traditional model of men farming and women weaving, except for necessary things such as oil, salt and taxes, the production results of ordinary families rarely enter the market. .

Looking at it this way, except for the dynasties with developed commerce, the GDP of Qin and Han Dynasties should not be high.

Calculating according to the first method, the total production and commercial trade below may be relatively low, but the various production activities led by the imperial court do not seem to be that low.

After thinking about it, people who have never calculated this kind of economic calculation seem to feel that something is not right.

People who know the taxation of the imperial court or their own localities try to use the above things to calculate, but almost all find that they do not have detailed figures to use.

Even if we use approximate figures, the calculated figures are not very beautiful.

But generally speaking, everyone thinks that if you want this GDP number to be high, the first thing you need is more people.

The more people there are, the more production there will be, and the basic total will be more. However, there must be enough products. Only when the extra products are sufficient for everyone's survival can there be enough to carry out various commercial activities.

Thinking about it this way, things return to the most basic starting point - eating enough.

The program of the Zhenguan Dynasty is curious about another term, urbanization.

Literally speaking, it seems to be building a city, but building a city should not have an additional ‘transformation’. It seems to be closely related to industry.

["Urbanization, also called urbanization, is generally defined as the process of concentration of rural populations in cities. This population migration is not just the movement of people's locations, but also contains more complex contents and concepts."

Pulling her hair, she cleared her mind and tried to recall relevant knowledge.

"Early cities were the center of a region, providing military control and defense of a region. The city's basic necessities, especially food, were provided by the surrounding areas.

Naturally formed cities in ancient times did not account for a high proportion of the entire economy. According to our current urbanization rate indicators, the population of these cities generally accounts for only about 10% of the total social population. You know this better than I do, so it should be correct, right? ”]

The ancients nodded, almost.

It is often said that in a city, there are actually not many things in the city. What is more is the population and land and food within the jurisdiction outside the city. These people are naturally not considered the urban population.

[“The purpose of urbanization in modern society is to concentrate and create higher efficiency and better economic benefits.

The advancement of industrialization requires extremely convenient short-distance exchanges of people, money, and goods, which will inevitably promote urbanization. Urbanization in turn promotes the development of industry and commerce, which in turn promotes the agglomeration of social undertakings such as culture, education, and health. This agglomeration It also promotes infrastructure development..."]

Ancient people who have never seen her do these questions: I can see that it is very difficult for you to rack your brains and say it, but at your age, you can really say it, even if you recite it to us, it is quite amazing.

As for why the anchor does not search on the computer, everyone understands that if the anchor can say something, let her explain. After all, the information found in the search is still mixed, and sometimes completely opposite things appear above and below, so it is better for her to explain.

Li Zhi did the math and took Chang'an as an example. It was definitely a big city and the population in the city was high enough.

According to the anchor's classification, they are an agricultural society. In an agricultural society, there are not many such big cities, and Chang'an already consumes a lot of supplies, so he can only bring some people to Luoyang from time to time to share the pressure of Chang'an.

In an agricultural society, Chang'an is an exception after all. In most cities, the surrounding material supplies are sufficient, and the urban population is enough. Like Chang'an, too much is not a good thing, and the supply of materials is a big problem.

Just look at the subway. There are millions of people in Nanchang where the anchor is. If there is a traffic jam on the ground, they can still go underground. Their various long-distance transportation and large trucks can bring supplies from all over the country. Today's Guanzhong cannot do that. .

Su Shi received an urgent letter early in the morning. Officials and colleagues asked him to return to Bianjing.

To be honest, he was quite surprised. He didn't expect that he would be able to return to Bianjing one day.

He has traveled to many places over the years, and the most prosperous place he has ever seen is Bianjing. Referring to the anchor's theory, Su Shi felt that the urbanization rate of Song Dynasty should be more than 10%, probably 20 to 30%.

But the problem is also obvious. There are many people in the city, and the management cost is not small. It also puts a great strain on the surrounding material supplies.

The emperors who lived in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties also settled accounts together.

To a certain extent, the supply of materials around Beijing is not enough. There are too many people in the capital, but fortunately there is water transportation, and the materials needed by the capital can be transported northward from the far south.

And looking at it this way, the urbanization in Jiangnan is quite high. There are many people living in the city who participate in urban production without farming.

Okay, this is the same as GDP. They are things that can only be developed when material resources are sufficient. They just let nature take its course and don’t need to pursue it.

There are only one or two exceptions, such as Jingdezhen, which has special industrial advantages, and Qinghe County on the canal, which are cities that have not been industrialized in later generations, but can quickly form large-scale cities.

Lucky viewer No. 6, Gao Jia, looked at a bunch of nouns in his hand, picked them here and there, and finally asked: "Anchor, what is the tertiary industry? Is there a primary industry and a secondary industry?"

[Drinking water to moisten her throat, Xiao Xiao waited for a question she was very familiar with.

"Yes. The primary industry refers to the industries that provide production supplies and materials, such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

The secondary industry refers to the processing industry, which is the industry that processes and trades finished products and materials. For example, the production and manufacturing of clothing, cars, and airplanes. "

The tertiary industry is an industry that does not produce any material products and is generally called the service industry. Transportation, electronic communications, finance and insurance are all.

When we take the subway, we participate in the tertiary industry. 】

Some students didn’t quite understand: “If I carry a basket of fruits, take the subway from the hospital to the mall, buy and sell them, and make money, isn’t this also part of production?”

Seeing that the students who only studied in the past were now able to talk and buy and sell, the master felt complicated.

He didn't know what this change would be like, but overall, he thought it was a good thing.

The Master coughed and explained: "This production does not mean the same thing as the production used to calculate GDP.

You carried the fruit on your back and paid two copper coins to take the subway to the mall. The money you earned was from selling the fruit, which is unprocessed agricultural products and belongs to the primary industry.

Your behavior of taking the subway only made the subway earn you two copper coins, without producing anything concrete. "

One student asked: "Master, if I go there to sell songs, even if I make money on my own and don't produce anything, does it belong to the tertiary industry?"

The master nodded, but he still couldn't accept the students' singing, even if they gave examples.

Feng Nuhe's husband was a third-rank official, but she was also one of Emperor Wu's secretaries and often visited the palace.

Seeing that she was lucky enough to be on the list, she quickly entered the palace and discussed with other colleagues and Emperor Wu what better questions to ask.

There are enough things to do now that we have set goals. Wu Zetian has no intention of asking any more questions, letting Feng Nuhe do what he wants.

Feng Nuhe didn't think about it for a while, but she came to her. She thought of the people with things on their eyes she saw on the road, as well as the anchor's mother wearing sunglasses, so she asked this.

["My mother wears sunglasses. She wears them just to prevent the glare of the sun from affecting her driving. In fact, she can still see clearly."

She remembered that she also had sunglasses, so she dug them out of the drawer and placed them on the book so that everyone could see the words below. It really didn't affect anything.

"As for the transparent lenses that other people wear, they usually wear them because their eyes are nearsighted. Elderly people have more astigmatism. The principle of myopia and hyperopia is..."

Xiaoxiao was glad that his eyesight was good, otherwise he would always feel blushing when he explained. 】

Many elderly people suddenly realized that their eyes were dimming as they got older. It turned out that this was the hardening of the lens, a phenomenon caused by aging of the human body.

There are many people who are a little short-sighted or deeply short-sighted when facing dim oil lamps and candle lights.

Everyone looked at the eyeball structure diagram that the anchor found. Although they felt scared, they still listened carefully because they didn’t want to be blind.

But apart from looking into the distance, resting their eyes regularly, and getting massages, there is nothing else they can do as ordinary people. After all, that glass is so expensive.

Xu Sidou, a young apprentice in the firearms workshop, has a mother with presbyopia. When she was young, she was good at sewing, but now that she is old, she sheds tears when she sees light.

He explained the reason and asked the anchor, how can these sunglasses be made? Are these glasses they sell very expensive?

Li Yuan from Tai'an Palace felt moved when he heard what this Song man said.

Look at how filial other people's children are, such a precious opportunity is only for their mother to ask questions, and then look at myself, forced to be the second child in front of her son.

He asked someone to send a message to his son. He was now older and a bit presbyopic. He asked Sun Simiao and his chemistry team over there to make glass and send him a pair of glasses.

Anyway, he can't control anything now. Let's see if this son wants to show his filial piety.

[“Besides glass, it may not be easy if you want to use other materials.

Many sunglass lenses are coated first, but there is also a simple method, which is to use soot-smoked glass pieces. "

As for the price...

"My mother's sunglasses are not expensive, and the resin material only costs less than 100. As for glasses, there are all kinds of materials. Some of them cost a lot, but most of them cost okay. Glasses range from one or two hundred to several thousand.

Generally, you need to look at the frame alone, and then go to get the lenses. The cost of the lenses is hard to say, and they can range from tens to hundreds of dollars. ”]

Wait a minute, how many dollars will it cost to sell for hundreds of dollars?

Selling glasses, can the profit be so high?

The businessmen smacked their tongues. The last industry that they thought was profitable was selling salt.

Businessmen who originally thought that making glass was risky and that they might not be able to sell much luxury goods now have changed their minds due to this.

In fact, there are many markets for presbyopia and myopia alone, as long as they can expand their business and keep costs as low as in later generations.

But the problem is, apart from some wealthy businessmen and families who are reportedly recruiting craftsmen to make this glass, the imperial court seems to be making it too.

They don't want to make glass and glasses, but in the end some regulations prevent them from selling them, and they will lose all their money.

The Yin Yang family who made a simple monocular telescope also found it a bit magical.

After all, the material they polish is crystal, which is definitely expensive, not to mention priceless.

Think about their expensive materials, and then look at the price in later generations. Even if it is a few thousand Qin and a half, it is still very cheap!

Xu Sidou, a young apprentice, thinks that he should work hard to make money at this stage. He heard that there is a new glass shop now. If he works hard, he might earn more money and buy two pieces of glass there, and polish and blacken them for his mother. Put it on.

The frame is easy to say, and it can be made of other materials, but glass is more difficult to make.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, glasses already existed, and they were not so rare in big cities.

Wei Zhao, a native of the Ming Dynasty, himself was a bit short-sighted. The anchor had already made it very clear about the distance between myopia, far-sightedness and glasses. He directly asked the anchor how future generations would measure their vision and wear glasses.

Everyone has different levels of eye problems. If the glasses don’t match, it’s useless. So how to match glasses according to each person’s different eye conditions, he thinks, is the most important thing.

[They are really good at asking questions.

Xiaoxiao searched for a high-definition picture of a vision test and posted it. She couldn't explain it clearly, so she had to find relevant information to introduce the correct test method. 】

There were a bunch of "mountains" tossing around, which made everyone dizzy and not very interested in testing.

People who are interested in the test also find the video introducing the test distance and the measurement method of the left and right eyes very troublesome, and it is completely different from what they imagined.

In the Eastern Han Medical College, everyone also enthusiastically recorded this table.

"I thought this was very simple, just writing. Who knew that each character has a specific size."

"It said it was for the eyes. If he hadn't said that, I wouldn't have noticed any difference in the sizes. I thought they were all the same."

"What is this, vision research and development for the eyes?"

"What they are talking about is the old method, which means there is also the latest method. Although the anchor doesn't say it, it is probably because it is difficult for us to do it, but I still want to know..."

The last lucky audience member of the Kangxi Dynasty, Zhou Zijing, had wanted to ask this question since yesterday, and he finally had the opportunity today.

"Anchor, in addition to the braille in the news, there are also people in the news who keep making movements with their hands. Is it talking to deaf people? Will it be difficult to learn?"

He had a child who was loved and loved by many people when he was born. However, when the child was five years old, he became ill and suddenly lost his hearing.

Although the children have learned to write and can write for daily communication, not all servants in the family can understand it.

Since he lost his hearing, it took him a long time to adapt to his new life. He didn't want to go out anymore, and he no longer had any friends.

Zhou Zijing was afraid that he would not be able to stand being like this all the time. If he could learn this, then he would work hard to make money and hire people to learn, so that his son could still communicate with people through methods other than paper.

["She is doing sign language. She is broadcasting news to disabled people who cannot hear but can see."

Xiaoxiao had never thought of this before, but he realized it after being reminded by him today. There should be many disabled people who cannot see or hear in various time and space.

“Starting in the evening, I will let the system try to do real-time subtitles.

I don't know sign language or braille. I'll find some formal courses tomorrow and let everyone in need take turns to play them. Come take turns during the day.

That’s it for today’s live broadcast, see you all tonight. "

Although Braille is not as good as sign language, and learning requires various conditions, and not everyone can learn it, Xiaoxiao can only help so much. 】