Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

[Cotton, as early as 5000 years ago, people in the South Asian subcontinent and South America began to use cotton fiber to spin threads.

2000 years ago, cotton was introduced to China's border areas. In ancient my country, it was generally called "Zhibei" and "Baidie".

Although it was introduced earlier, before the Yuan Dynasty, the main cotton-producing areas in China were Xinjiang in the north and the Yunnan-Guizhou region in the south...]

The cotton plant in the video is not very tall. As the seasons change, the green leaves of the plant fall off, the pole becomes black and hard, and white dumplings grow on it.

The cotton pickers picked the cotton, and the white mass was light and fluttering, and the thin fibers were clearly visible in the sunlight.

Except during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the cotton textile industry was developed and everyone saw cotton, they were not surprised. In other dynasties, people who had never seen cotton looked at it intently.

They didn't recognize Mian Mian, but when the names Zhi Bei and Bai Die came out, people who had read "Shang Shu" and "Han Shu" still had some impressions.

After all, there was only ‘mian’ in the past, and ‘cotton’ only existed after the Song Dynasty.

Jibei cloth is still very famous, but cotton fabrics are also really scarce.

Early cotton was small and did not produce much cotton fiber. Farmers had no time to grow food. Who would be willing to grow this?

And rich people have room for it, and everyone prefers silk fabrics. In cold weather, there are also various furs and feathers. Cotton has been used as an ornamental plant for a long time.

Thinking that there really seemed to be such a thing in their own gardens, the aspiring emperors' expressions changed and they quickly asked people to see the pots of cotton.

The emperor who didn't have it in his garden quickly sent people out to look for it. After all, it wasn't that scarce.

In the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Zhang, the wealthy owner of the plant, was shocked when he saw the green plants in his garden.

"No wonder I don't think it's beautiful no matter how I look at it. It turns out that it's not meant for appreciation."

When the cotton is green, it has too many leaves and the flowers are not so beautiful. When the weather gets cold, the leaves dry up and fall off, but it will grow white cotton balls.

Although he didn't think it looked good, it still had something to it, and he had been growing it for so many years.

The old wife glared at him, waved away his hand that was about to touch it, and said curiously: "It bloomed last year, and the head was so small that it didn't look like a big ball on the sky."

Mr. Zhang didn't take it seriously: "What will no longer be cultivated in future generations? Corn like that can be cultivated into food. It's not surprising that cotton is bigger.

Let's raise it well. The imperial court may decide to collect different types of cotton among the people to cultivate it. Sooner or later it will be useful. "

The wife asked: "You have been taking care of these precious flowers and plants for so many years, why don't you cultivate them yourself?"

He opened his mouth to refute, saying that such a major matter concerning the world's people's clothing could not be touched by him, but as soon as he thought about it, he thought that he had raised the cotton so well over the years, so there was no reason why he couldn't do it.

Suixi smiled widely, and his eyes that had always been steady also became bright.

"You're right, of course I can cultivate it myself!"

["Grandma Huang, Grandma Huang, teach me yarn, teach me cloth, two tubes and two pieces of cloth."

This ballad circulated in Songjiang area has been sung by local working people for generations. ]

People in the Songjiang area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties nodded their heads one after another. Unexpectedly, their songs at this time were actually known to their descendants.

Many people engaged in the cotton textile industry can't hide their excitement. Next, the person the video will talk about must be Granny Huang!

[At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, a girl was born in a poor family named Huang in Wunijing Town, Songjiang Prefecture.

Because she had no parents and no name since she was a child, everyone called her Aunt Huang.

During the chaotic years between the Song and Yuan Dynasties, she was sold as a child bride as a teenager. She worked in the fields during the day and spun, weaved and stripped cotton seeds at night, working hard all day long.

When spring didn't get up early, my mother-in-law pulled her ears and hair. When she wanted to enjoy the cool air in summer, her mother-in-law drove her to the paddy field. When she wanted to add more clothes in the autumn, her mother-in-law stuffed her with straw and asked her to twist the rope first, while she turned through the clothes in the winter.

Finally, winter arrived, and my mother-in-law, who was wearing new cotton-padded clothes, said that the falling snow was not as cold as the closing snow, so she had to peel off the cotton first and then turn over the clothes.

Finally, the snow has closed, and it’s snowing again. It’s better to come out in the sun. It’s useless to look through cotton-padded clothes. ]

Just mentioning what happened to Aunt Huang in such an understatement has already made many young girls and young wives shed tears.

Some people may have a better life than Aunt Huang. Even if they are tired every day, they will not be so tormented; some people may have a better life than Aunt Huang.

Men don't have the same empathy for Aunt Huang as women do, but when they hear it like this, they feel a basic sense of compassion, and everyone feels that this mother-in-law is too unkind.

[After Aunt Huang grew up, she encountered the court recruiting official prostitutes. After the local security guard saw Aunt Huang, he negotiated a price with her mother-in-law.

A kind-hearted neighbor told Aunt Huang about this, so one day while her mother-in-law was out, she escaped to the Huangpu River and was taken to the other side of the Huangpu River by a kind-hearted passenger ship.

Aunt Huang arrived at a Taoist temple without going out. The kind-hearted teacher took her in after learning what happened to her. There was a Taoist girl in the Taoist temple, so Aunt Huang was called Taoist Sister Huang. ]

Many people breathed a sigh of relief. Miss Huang had no natal family, and now that she was away from her husband's family, she had a place where she could live.

Some people could regard the previous abuse as invisible, thinking that her mother-in-law was just a little harsher, but when they heard that she was going to be sold into prostitution again, no one could blame her for running away.

Running away because they don't want to be a prostitute. In the eyes of many people, this is in line with their moral values ​​and they cherish an innocent and good family.

[One day, a Taoist aunt came to the Taoist temple from Yazhou, Hainan to visit her relatives.

I heard my aunt talk about the scenery of Hainan over there, and Yazhou is rich in cotton and cotton cloth. Huang Daogu also wanted to go to Yazhou to see how the people there grew and weaved cotton.

Going to Yazhou can not only avoid the pursuit of mother-in-law, but also learn the skills of growing cotton and weaving.

After getting the consent of her aunt, Huang Daogu followed her aunt and took a boat to Yazhou.

She made her aunt's Taoist temple her home, and soon formed friendships with the Li sisters who had lived here for generations. Together with them, she grew cotton, picked cotton, ginning, spinning, dyeing, and weaving.

The Li sisters, who were ingenious and good at weaving, couldn't put it down the colorful "Li brocade" quilts weaved by them. Later, they also worked with the sisters to research and improve textile technology.

After staying in Hainan for more than 30 years, Huang Daopo, who is in her 50s, has transformed from a lonely little girl into an old woman with gray hair on her temples.

One day, while growing cotton in the field, she saw wild geese flying north, which aroused her homesickness. She said goodbye to her Li sisters and returned to her hometown by boat. ]

There is no shortage of miserable people in the world. Seeing that she could get help from kind-hearted people and live a good life in another place after she escaped from the sea of ​​suffering, many people were happy for her.

It has been more than thirty years. Even if she goes back, there probably won't be many people who knew her. She no longer has to be afraid of meeting her mother-in-law.

There are also some people who are far away from home, mostly businessmen and exiles. When Tianmu said this, they also thought of their hometown.

[At this time, it was already the early Yuanzhen year of the Yuan Dynasty. Huang Daopo learned that Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty had established the "Jiangnan Kapok Collection Division" to collect cotton cloth.

At this time, cotton and mulberry trees were widely planted in the Songjiang area, but silk fabrics were expensive and cotton weaving technology was low, so the people still lacked clothes and cloth and wore rags.

Huang Daopo returned to her hometown of Wunijing. Her former kind-hearted neighbor next door was still there, and people called her "Third Grandma".

After many years, the two met and talked about their old friendship.

The third grandmother told Huang Daopo about the current difficulties. The government now wants cloth, but after planting cotton, you have to peel the cotton seeds by hand, and you have to spin and weave. It is not an easy job at all.

After hearing this, Huang Daopo decided to help her hometown people, starting with improving cotton seed ginning.

In the past, cotton seeds were peeled by hand in Songjiang. When Huang Daopo was young, she was asked by her mother-in-law to peel cotton seeds in the cold winter, which was time-consuming and labor-intensive.

She first taught everyone to take a small smooth wooden stick or iron rod, put the cotton seeds on a flat stone, and use the stick to roll the cotton seeds. Seven or eight cotton seeds could be driven out in one go, without the need to peel them with fingers.

Yazhou cotton seeds are rotated with two slender iron rods. Huang Daopo drew a pattern based on memory and hired an old carpenter to process it according to the drawing.

A 'wooden hand-cranked cotton ginner' was designed, with two people hand-cranking it and one person dropping the cotton seeds. The whole process was highly efficient, and the cotton seeds could be peeled cleanly and save effort.

The two-person hand-operated wooden cotton gin cart was later improved to a one-person hand-operated cart, which saved time and effort and doubled the efficiency. ]

They have never peeled cotton seeds by hand, but looking at the people above using their hands to remove cotton seeds from the layers of cotton wool, it takes a lot of time to get a cotton bud, which is indeed extremely inconvenient.

They already thought the previous method of rolling cotton seeds was quite good. As soon as this cotton gin truck came out, everyone's eyes lit up.

The foresighted person quickly found someone to draw the drawing of the car, and the carpenters also opened their eyes wide and used their brains to remember the cotton gin car.

The structure is not that complicated, and it doesn't look big. Most importantly, it can be moved by people, not the anchor's machines that require electricity or fuel.

In Xianyang, the younger ones in the Mo family grabbed the sleeves of the older ones and were excited while drawing pictures.

"Senior brother, what Granny Huang did is the new direction of the Mo family that we are looking forward to!"

This Granny Huang single-handedly preached and taught in her hometown. Just a cotton gin freed the hands of countless families from peeling cotton seeds.

"Yes, this is what we are going to do!"

Gongshujia was not of the Mohist school, but he recognized her merits and was very interested in Granny Huang's improved cotton gin.

"Although Granny Huang is old, she is not old at all."

Drawing the structure of her cotton gin truck, the public losers also began to think about where they could make use of the existing mulberry and linen textile industry.

Farmers feel that their tasks are heavy again. No matter how powerful the tools are, the prerequisite is that there are raw materials in the fields.

The Mo family and Gongshu family have the skills and brains, and the anchor and Granny Huang are cheating, but even if they are cheated more, the farmers still need to lay a solid foundation for production first.

Suddenly, I understood how much importance future generations place on the primary industry.

Your Majesty, our talents are really scarce!

Well, although the Taoism of later generations has nothing to do with the current Taoism, except for the Taoists, everyone tacitly agrees to call her Granny Huang.

[It turned out that the people of Songjiang used small bamboo bows to play cotton, which was inefficient. Huang Daopo invited craftsmen who played cotton to discuss improving the tools for playing cotton.

After several experiments, she finally changed the original one-foot-long cotton-playing bamboo bow into a four-foot-long wooden rope-string bow. The bow strings were changed from wire strings to rope strings, and the finger-plucked strings were changed to stick vertebrae. Strike the strings.

Until now, this kind of wooden rope string is still used in many places to play cotton. ]

Liu Che has a boring hobby, which is to pay attention to the host's expression while watching videos to observe something.

Seeing the anchor's proud expressions of 'Ah, that's it' and 'Yes, yes', he felt confident. The video was right. At least this kind of tool is used to play cotton. Even the anchor knows about it and may have even seen it. of.

Liu Che had seen Bai Die before. He was a small one, but not as big as the one on the sky screen.

Very good, Zhao Guo has work to do again.

[Songjiang used to use a single-spindle hand-operated spinning wheel, which required three or four people to work to supply the needs of the last loom.

Huang Daopo invited carpenters and boldly experimented by integrating the foot-operated spinning wheel used for spinning linen with the hand-operated spinning wheel, transforming it into a foot-operated spinning wheel with three spindles.

The pedal power was strong, and the hands could be freed to draw yarn, and three yarns could be spun at the same time. The speed was fast and the output was high. It was the most advanced spinning wheel in the world at that time, which increased the spinning efficiency by two or three times.

After many trials, the number was increased from three to five tablets.

After the tools were improved, Huang Daopo improved the weaving technology. The Li textile technology of staggered yarns, color matching, heald threads, and wadding were all integrated into the textile technology of his hometown.

The beautiful Wunijing quilt soon spread throughout the Songjiang area and became famous throughout the country.

So people sang everywhere: "Grandma Huang, Grandma Huang, teach me yarn, teach me cloth, two tubes and two pieces of cloth."

After Huang Daopo passed away, everyone was grieved and donated money to bury her in Caohang Township, Shanghai County.

In order to commemorate her gratitude, the local people built a temple for her in Wunijing Town, where she was born, called the "Xianmian Temple". Every year on Huang Daopo's birthday in April, people come to worship her.

She is revered as the "Vega" or the "First Cotton God". ]

"Grandma Huang, Grandma Huang..."

In the Songjiang area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people in the streets and alleys sang this ballad in their hometown dialect.

They never forgot Granny Huang and always remembered her kindness to the villagers.

In the Daming Palace, Empress Changsun looked in admiration as she caressed her swollen belly.

"This Granny Huang's achievements are worthy of Vega."

At the anchor, they know many great people who come from humble backgrounds.

But this Granny Huang is not from the time when she was the anchor. She has not received any education and has grown up in hardships since she was a child.

Such a common man who could be seen everywhere in their feudal dynasty also had a tenacious will, a smart mind, and a heart for his hometown. He used his own abilities to change the livelihood of his hometown.

The eyes of the girls who have lived in the original family environment since childhood, and although they envy future generations, cannot gain confidence in themselves, light up.

It turns out that one’s background does not determine everything, and one does not necessarily achieve anything without education.

Even if you don't have a natal family, you have a bad husband's family, and you live in such a world, and your temples are gray, you can still rely on your own talents to make your own career.

She has no family, but relying on herself and the kind-hearted people she meets, she can still live a good and great life.

Many literati and poets in various dynasties also exclaimed: "What a strange woman!"

Later generations of Niu Yuqin fought against the wind and sand, and their Granny Huang was not inferior to her, and even single-handedly changed Songjiang's cotton textile industry.

Although Huang Daopo was also their descendant, inexplicably, they accepted the classification from the anchor and consciously classified Huang Daopo and themselves into the feudal society.

Cao Zhi took up his pen and wrote a poem "Ode to the Weaver Girl", and Cao Pi also silently wrote an "Ode to Huang Daopo".

Not to mention the Northern Song Dynasty, when there were more literary experts per capita. Everyone was full of literary ideas, waiting for one day when they were lucky enough to send their new works to the anchors.

With the widespread planting of cotton and the rise of the cotton textile industry in the future, the story of Huang Daopo brought by the anchor will still be sung from generation to generation.