Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

[After several weeks of stalemate, the clerical deputies joined the bourgeois deputies who rebelled against the king.

On June 1789, 6, they decided to establish a National Assembly representing the French people.

In order to control the increasingly out-of-control situation, the king closed the doors of the three-level parliament on June 6...]

Liu Che, whose brain was down, slowly recovered his brain and thought about what kind of brain circuit this Louis XVI had, and what the national situation of France was like.

There's no balance, and he shouldn't have had this kind of meeting in the first place.

He should have taken measures when he discovered that the priests and the businessmen were getting together, instead of waiting until this time.

Well, now, the National Assembly, which represents the French people, has priests and bourgeois, and it still represents the people in name, so the nobles still seem to be on the same side as the king.

He had better give up taxation now and win over the nobles first, otherwise, how can those who stand together make it easier for him?

Because it was late at night and still in the academy, the students were also discussing this parliament.

"In the National Assembly, these representatives themselves are local representatives elected from each province. They should represent their own classes, priests and businessmen. Can they represent the people?"

"The three-level parliament is convened by the king to discuss the tax system. Whatever the outcome, the king must at least give his nominal nod. But in the National Assembly...where do the representatives of the clergy and bourgeoisie get the power to do so?"

Yes, where did they get such parliamentary power?

A student who had been thinking for a long time raised his head and asked, "What if all the workers and other common people sided with them?"

A stone stirred up a thousand waves.

Thinking along this bold line of thought is the best way to explain the source of the power of the National Assembly.

As long as the people recognize them and are willing to grant them some rights, this parliament will be no different from the actual government.

Although everyone who is accustomed to the local power structure can think of this, they are still confused and at a loss about this behavior of deconstructing imperial power and reshaping the logic of power.

[On June 6, at the Royal Tennis Court in Paris, the revolutionary painter David recorded the Tennis Court Oath, the National Assembly of representatives of the Third Estate and clergy.

On June 6, Louis XVI, who was frantically suppressing the rebellion, was forced to bow his head and recognize the National Assembly.

In July, mercenaries from Germany and Switzerland came to Paris, and the people who gathered to express their anger were attacked by German cavalry.

On July 7, the French Guards decided to defend Paris, not the king. That night, angry crowds occupied the streets of the capital and attacked the tax offices where all goods were taxed.

On July 7, famine-stricken suburbanites robbed a wealthy monastery.

The revolting masses in the Place Louis XV tried to obtain some old weapons from the royal warehouses, while at the Hôtel de Ville and Place de Greve, the bourgeois under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Baril were establishing the Paris Commune.

On July 7, all residents of the capital took up whatever weapons they could find and resisted the royal army.

"To the Bastille!"]

Except for Da Qin, which had not yet had the Dazexiang uprising, people from other dynasties were no strangers to this kind of uprising.

Zhu Yuanzhang himself was a member of the rebel army. During Li Shimin's late Sui Dynasty, so were all the rebel armies across the country. Everyone was familiar with the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

It's just that many places in the east couldn't survive and began to revolt, and finally invaded the capital. But in this France, it was the people in the capital who took the lead in the resistance.

"That shouldn't be the case. How could people from the capital take the lead in rebelling?"

"Poor people have always rebelled only when they can't make a living. If they can't even live in the capital, wouldn't people in other provincial cities have rebelled long ago?"

[The warden who ordered the shooting of the citizens was arrested, taken to Gref Square, and executed in front of the City Hall.

On July 7, Louis XVI, who was forced to surrender, came to the city hall and symbolically took the keys from the new mayor.

France, which switched from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, did not quell the unrest, and unrest broke out in villages and towns across the country.

The people of Paris, determined to take the law into their own hands, hanged the city's administrator, who symbolized the tyranny of the old system, from a street lamp in Place Gref.

The bearded man said: “I don’t approve of this violence or killing, but the worse atrocity was the day they shot at us.

The worst outrages are those that make us work by force and pay priests; the rights of a few and the duties of others. ”]

Bite the untied sorghum stalks to make some sweetness, the children in Xiaozhuang Village looked left and right, asking the adults what the rights of the few are and the obligations of others.

"The county magistrate can ride in the sedan chair, but we can only walk and drink?"

As soon as a child said this, his parents were about to cover his mouth. Seeing that the other children were all saying the same thing, they felt relieved when they remembered that this was their village.

Children dared to ask and speak such innocent words, but the adults fell silent one by one.

Their initial understanding of the rights and obligations of future generations was what the anchor said during the popular science education. Children in future generations have the right to receive education, and they also have the obligation to receive education.

They can probably understand that rights are what they can do, and obligations are what they must do.

Bringing into what the Westerners said above, only a few people can do a lot of things, but a lot of people have to do some or even more things.

When life can still be lived and there is hope, everyone still doesn't want to think about that.

The riots in the capital extended to the whole country. Anyone with some knowledge was not surprised. After all, the map of France was on it and it was not big. It was only a matter of time before it spread to the whole country.

It was this section that gave officials and local prestigious gentry a chill in their necks.

Even if it was a colorful painting that was not bloody at all, it still sent shivers down their spines.

Circle after circle of civilians gathered around and hung the officials who once managed the city. They knew exactly what they were doing, which was to vent their anger and break the shackles of the old system.

'Managers of the old system' can refer to too many things. Officials, subordinates, local prominent families, and even the emperor.

High taxes, corvées, and the phrase 'the rights of a few and the obligations of others' suddenly made some minority groups a little scared.

Although they usually think that they should be nobler than the common people and should have more money, land, and knowledge than others.

But knowing all the past events in history, and seeing that the foreign people in the West were like this, they remembered the anchor's words about "the trend of history."

Could it be that the demise of kings, nobles, and aristocratic families is a historical necessity?

[On August 8, the privileges of the nobility and clergy were abolished.

On August 8, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of Human Rights and Citizenship.

The representatives of the French people, who formed the National Assembly, resolved to present in a solemn declaration the natural, inalienable and sacred rights of man.

Article 1: All men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social differences can only be based on public welfare.

Article 2: Article 2 All political associations shall be for the purpose of safeguarding the natural and timeless rights of mankind. These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.

[…]

Even if they could understand the words on the marquee, more people still couldn't believe their eyes.

The old boatman rubbed his eyes, looked at the sky, and then hurriedly asked the guests on the boat.

"Mr. Dongpo, what is mentioned here, can you read it to the old man?"

Su Shi, who was also shocked, nodded and read the above words in a dry voice.

The old boatman couldn't believe it, and asked again: "Who are the people above talking about?" Are they scholars, or people with land and houses at home?

Su Shi, who didn't know anything about France, shook his head, "I don't know. Looking at the translation, it seems like everyone, including those Paris citizens."

Despite their different ideas, scholars from different schools of thought were also curious about this declaration.

"The first article of it says that all people are free and equal in rights. Why only in terms of rights?"

"Perhaps this is comparing the old, weak, sick and healthy young people? Different individuals have different differences and cannot be absolutely equal?"

"What is the foundation of public welfare that can represent social differences?"

The bamboo slips at hand were waved away, and Liu Che finally understood why the previous Ekaterina had suspended the meeting of representatives of all walks of life in Russia.

If you don't agree, the result will be what France is like now.

The constitutional monarchy can refer to the United Kingdom, where the royal family is the nominal head of state, but in the United Kingdom, all the nobles are competing with the king.

In France, King Louis XVI took the lead in setting up a three-level parliament, and then the entire country, from the king to the common people, from the capital to the localities, underwent a political baptism that swept the country.

Liu Che still couldn't figure it out. Ekaterina blocked all her representatives after discovering signs that something was wrong. How could Louis XVI let things develop to the point where they could not be ended like this?

What is going on in the mind of this locksmith emperor whom the anchor talked about before?

[Rural people took back their land and burned unreasonable deeds. In the cities, citizens fought armed struggles to seize their rights. The turmoil in France continues.

Men and women discussing taxation and voting rights, citizens still starving, the royal family returning to Paris after being besieged at Versailles, the Reformation...

In June 1791, when Louis XVI attempted to flee France with his family and other nobles, the nation was disappointed at the king's betrayal.

Some radical leaders and people demanded the abolition of the monarchy and the implementation of a republic. The constitutional monarchists split from the Jacobins and formed the Feuillant Club.

On September 1792, 9, the newly elected parliament, the National Convention, opened. The National Convention passed a motion to abolish the monarchy and declared the establishment of the French Republic - historically known as the First French Republic.

After a trial at the National Convention, a slim majority of 387 members voted to execute Louis XVI for treason.

With just one vote, a guillotine was installed in the former Place Louis XV.

1793年1月21日，上午10:22，前国王路易十六被送上断头台。]

In the dynasties after the Qin Dynasty, everyone criticized Louis XVI. No matter what, he was still the King of France. It was just a matter of escaping from Paris and wanting to gain some rights elsewhere. What was the point of escaping from the country?

But the people of the Six Kingdoms of Qin think that the problem is not big. There is no in-law in any of their countries. They are all like this at home. If they don't go to foreign countries to hide and seek support, sooner or later something will happen if they stay at home.

France's long and tortuous turmoil made everyone's brows never relax until the outcome of Louis XVI was settled. Those who had guessed the outcome but still couldn't accept it took a deep breath and didn't know what to say.

No one will feel sorry for the death of a king who has no virtue or talent and exacts tyranny from the people.

But he couldn't die like this.

The best situation that the Confucian scholar-officials could imagine was that the people would revolt, and under the pressure of the nobles and courtiers, they would first kill some treacherous villains and corrupt officials, and finally the emperor would abdicate and pass the throne to himself. A child or a branch of that clan.

Then the people went back to continue farming, and the ministers continued to assist the king. Under the leadership of the new wise king, they re-governed the country.

The social system was built around the monarch, bureaucracy and the imperial examination system. As a group of people with upward paths, they were naturally the defenders of the existing system.

Pressing his temples where he had a headache, Li Shimin thought of Yang Guang.

But Yang Guang was different from Louis XVI. Linghu Xingda hanged him. He died in a mutiny, not by angry civilians.

It would have been okay if Louis XVI, like several previous officials, was hanged or lynched by the angry crowd, but he was tried and executed by the new country's regime through formal procedures.

In the new French Republic, everyone from top to bottom agreed that France no longer needs a monarch.

The divine right of kings is just a lie. Nobles and clergy are nothing special about ordinary people.

All power has been stripped of its mysterious fig leaf. They are not superior. As long as the people are willing and give up obedience and take up arms, they can overthrow those things that are weighing on them.

The most terrifying thing is that they really don't need a new monarch.

Without a monarch in power, the country is still functioning. With brand-new power agencies and systems, what is the role of the monarch?

Is the function of one more monarch, one more royal family, and many more nobles just to double the people's taxes and spend money on the people's behalf?

In a small house with only their own family, a pair of old people from the Wei family stopped and the beans in their hands fell into the dustpan.

Father Wei's lips trembled, and he asked in a voice that was almost inaudible: "Xiaodouzi, will France have no emperor in the future?"

The young man whose nickname was called was the most promising person in the Wei family. He was already a scholar in his twenties, but he still couldn't believe it when he looked at all the Western things.

His mind stopped for a long time before he realized that his parents were asking questions. He moved his mouth and it took him a long time to speak.

"It's not the emperor, they... don't have a king anymore."

The old lady of the Wei family asked again: "Without the king, will they no longer have to pay those heavy taxes?"

Thinking about the role of those councils, Wei Xiucai didn't know whether he should nod or not.

He suddenly discovered that he, who had studied and was admitted as a scholar, and his parents who worked hard to support him, seemed to be two different people.

Or according to Tianmu, they are two classes of people.