Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

["Now, regarding the management of the Yellow River, I found some of our current management information and videos. I hope it will be helpful to you."

Things about the Yellow River were too complicated and too far away from the Yangtze River. Xiaoxiao, who was not a local, didn't know much about it. She was afraid that she wouldn't be able to explain it well, so she searched for information for a long time. 】

Here comes the method for future generations to regulate the Yellow River.

Everyone under the canopy quickly rubbed their eyes to avoid accidentally missing something later.

[The first thing that appears in the video is a picture with the signatures of many different people and different words on it.

"This is a signature of 163 people. On it you will see water conservancy leader Zhang Guangdou, geographer Shi Yafeng, missile control expert Liang Sili, and the father of China's hydrogen bomb, Yu Min, etc."

Pictures of people appeared one after another, and small text introduced their names, dates of birth and death, occupations, and honors.

"These 163 academicians from various disciplines and fields have jointly signed for one thing: saving the Yellow River."]

"Save? Is the river in future generations even more terrifying than it is now?" People living beside the Yellow River cannot believe that the Yellow River, which is already dangerous enough, needs to use such an appalling word as "save" in future generations.

Even the water conservancy officials in charge of the Yellow River are racking their brains. According to the anchor, their reclamation activities in the basin around the Yellow River for thousands of years have caused the loess to be lost more and more. It is true that the river bed downstream has been raised and the river is flooding. However, those who need to be saved from the flood should also It's a human being, a disaster victim, not a river.

He tugged on his beard and murmured: "It can't be that the soil will block the river in the future, or there will be no water..."

["This was the Yellow River at that time."

There is no river or beach in the picture, just strips of exposed loess riverbed.

“In 1997, the Yellow River had no water flowing into the sea for nearly two-thirds of the year, and at its worst, 2% of the entire downstream river course was almost completely dry.

The Yellow River has stopped flowing. "

This is a riverbed that is completely dry and has extremely deep cracks in the ground.

"The cessation of river flow is a precursor to the death of the river. At this time, the situation in the Yellow River is already very serious. "]

"Cut, cut off the flow!"

"How could the Yellow River stop flowing!"

Everyone is familiar with the drought and cracking of the land. The Yellow River is not dry and lacks water only once or twice. People of all dynasties are also used to it. However, the "Yellow River cuts off" is something that no one has ever thought about.

The water conservancy official who had thought of this before gave himself a slap in the face, blaming himself for being clumsy.

Compared with floods, the harm of the Yellow River's interruption was much greater for all the imperial courts.

[

In comparison, there is really a lot of water in the Yangtze River

The video turns the land area into gray and black, the water flow of the Yellow River is in bright light yellow, and the Yangtze River Basin is in bright light blue. It uses pictures and language clearly and intuitively to explain and compare the differences in water flow and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. Regarding the amount of seawater flowing into the rivers on both sides, it was also introduced that the main water flow of the Yellow River comes from the middle and upper reaches, and only the Wei River can alleviate the problem in the middle and lower reaches.

The difference is that the large provinces surrounding the Yellow River need to draw water from the Yellow River to support industry and agriculture. ]

"The Yangtze River... has too much water..." People living on dry land on small tributaries of the Yellow River looked at the obviously different rivers above with envy.

The ignorant child said: "It would be great if the Yellow River could have so many tributaries..."

The adult who was paying attention to the lecture knocked him on the head: "Didn't you listen to what Tian Mu said? We have loess here. With so much water, how much soil will be washed away, and if the bottom is blocked, there will be another flood."

Some people envy the abundant rainfall in the Yangtze River region. Seeing that the runoff of the Yellow River is less than 1/17 of others, they feel sorry for the water that flows into the sea.

Others looked at the mouth of the Yellow River in later generations and wondered whether this location seemed wrong. Did the Yellow River change its course/change its course again in the future?

Looking at the map in their study room and looking at the perfectly detailed map on the sky screen, some people showed envious eyes.

They can learn to draw like this on drawings, but they really need such a clear way of observing and recording. It is really convenient to do things.

Even Baiyue didn't conquer the Qin and Han Dynasties, so they were scrambling to copy the Yangtze River water flow map above. Although the changes should be great over thousands of years, it is better to have an overall concept than not knowing anything at all.

["As early as 1972, the lower reaches of the Yellow River experienced its first flow outage. In the following more than 1983 years, flow outages occurred frequently. However, for production and life, there was no way to reduce water consumption. Even in , the total water demand of each province was calculated. At that time, it far exceeded the runoff of the Yellow River itself at that time.

So for the next four years, everyone was discussing the water distribution of the Yellow River. It was not until 1987 that the State Council approved the first water allocation plan for a major river in Chinese history - the "Yellow River Water Supply Allocation Plan"]

"Why do we need to obtain other people's consent for water use?" People along the Yellow River were dissatisfied.

"How come the imperial courts of later generations have to control other people's water use. If they don't provide water, people will eat and drink whatever they want."

Some people also tried to explain: "Then if we don't care, the people upstream will take all the water, wouldn't the people downstream have no water to use?"

Ying Zheng was a little shocked. Even he would not dare to issue water standards for different places in Daqin. This was a policy that would really cause big troubles.

It is rare to hear anchors talk about their imperial court. The Three Gorges Project just now was shocking enough, but compared with this policy, Ying Zheng only wanted to say that this was a big deal.

"This policy... I'm afraid it will be difficult to maintain." Li Shimin's expression was subtle.

Being able to formulate this kind of policy and get a glimpse of the leopard shows that the influence and actual power of the later imperial court was great. However, he feels uncertain whether water use can be implemented from top to bottom, which maintains the national economy and people's livelihood.

[The 87-year water distribution plan has indeed not been implemented well. People in various places use customary water consumption and uncontrollable illegal water withdrawals. Basically, everywhere consumes excessive amounts of water.

"Ten years later, in 1997, the Yellow River had been dry for an unprecedented 226 days. Now, in order to save the mother river, it is time to make changes."]

Although many people have also thought that this policy may not be fully implemented, no one is not sad to see that the Yellow River has been cut off for more than half a year due to crazy water use in various places.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded, but the Mongols ignored it for seven years, which directly led to countless tragedies and made the already numerous uprisings even more violent.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who was also deeply affected by the natural disaster, frowned when he heard this: "226 days, what on earth will the future court do!"

Here, the Yellow River has been cut off for more than half a year, so who wouldn't rise up and cause trouble?

The Yellow River has been out of flow for 226 days. Why don't you care about it? Education is so tight, so many professional talents are put to use!

[Xiao Xiao pauses the video: "Pause for a moment, let me introduce an organization first."

“On February 1946, 2, the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Liberated Area established the first people’s organization to manage the Yellow River in Chinese history – the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Liberated Area River Control Committee, which was later renamed the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Liberated Area Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee.

In 1950, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission was transformed into a river basin agency, and all river management agencies in Shandong, Henan, and Pingyuan provinces came under the leadership of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission.

It is now under the direct leadership of the central government and is the Yellow River Commission, an agency directly under the Ministry of Water Resources. ”]

People, control the Yellow River?

This is not about questioning the distribution of rights, it is about the Yellow River. More people are thinking about how to govern the people who know nothing.

Almost as soon as they heard this, all the people on the Yellow River thought were: Will they be forced to build river embankments and dig out sand from the river again? Otherwise, why would the people be responsible for the governance?

["The next year, with the signature of the academician mentioned at the beginning, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission also received formal authorization from the State Council, and began to gradually monitor the Longyang Gorge, Liujia Gorge, Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia, ​​Xiaolangdi and tributaries on the main stream. Through unified dispatching of a series of reservoirs, the Yellow River finally achieved water management for the entire river."

With the introduction, one reservoir after another filled with clear green water and surrounded by green mountains and green grass appeared, which was beautiful. ]

The ancient people who were worried about the Yellow River's drying up were relieved. Looking at these reservoirs, they knew that the problem of the Yellow River's drying up had been solved.

The person who was read to the place looked at the appearance of his home. He couldn't see clearly at night, so he thought about it and compared it with the overhead video of the reservoir in the picture above... Is this my home?

["With the improvement of the water diversion plan, the management of water intakes, the establishment of market instruments such as water rights trading, and agricultural water conservation and water diversion projects, from 1999 to the present, the Yellow River has never stopped flowing. However, the problems of the Yellow River still exist. a lot of."

The turbid Yellow River in the Jinan section of Shandong Province and the blue and clear Yellow River in the Linxia section of Gansu Province have a sharp contrast in the overhead videos.

"Severe water and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has made the Yellow River the river with the largest sediment content in the world. After entering the North China Plain, the river's flow rate slows down..."]

The anchor has talked about this before, but compared to the anchor's information, the dynamic information in the video is different, so everyone watched it very carefully.

Some people looked at the words written down and wondered how they implemented the water distribution plan. People from various places were dissatisfied before, but how come they are satisfied now? There is also the water rights plan. When I first heard it, I felt that there was something in it...

["If we want to solve the problem of overhanging rivers, we must solve the sediment problem. The past management experience is to 'drain'. But if we discharge it to the sea, a lot of water and sediment will be wasted."

From the clear upper river valley to the high loess slopes, the rolling river water changes from clear to turbid and rushes into the sea.

"In order to completely solve the sediment problems in the Yellow River and at the same time maximize the benefits of irrigation, power generation, shipping and other benefits of the Yellow River, we began to envision soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau to prevent most sediment from entering the Yellow River from the source."

People wearing white headscarves gathered together and planted sparse green seedlings on the dry yellow land. As the sun and moon rotate, the once loess land is covered with layers of beautiful green. ]

Everyone quietly watched the changes in the loess plateau in the sky, holding their breath for fear of disturbing the green plants on the loess.

"Planting trees? But... trees can't grow here either..." The old man stepped on the ground under his feet, looking dazed.

He didn't know if this place was really full of green before, but looking at this land being covered with green in the future, he only had one thought, wondering how it could be done.

[On the Yellow River, the names of reservoirs began to appear one after another. Sandaokan, Dukoutang, Zhaojun Tomb, Xiaoshawan, Wanjiazhai...the more you go to the middle and lower reaches, the more densely built the reservoirs are.

“The construction of a series of cascade reservoirs to intercept water and sediment in stages is called ‘water storage and sediment retention’.”

The enlarged map gradually zooms out to locate the Sanmenxia Reservoir downstream.

"At that time, people underestimated the difficulty of controlling soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and overestimated the effect of reducing sedimentation. Under the advice of Soviet experts, the Sanmenxia Dam not only had a higher position of the release hole, but also a smaller discharge scale, and there was no water in the dam. The last sand drainage channel should be preserved at the bottom.”

A three-dimensional anatomy of the Sanmenxia Dam appears, revealing all the hidden dangers of this huge dam.

"This reservoir was originally expected to last for at least 50 years. In less than a year, it was severely silted up with silt that could fill more than 100 West Lakes. It also raised the riverbed 4.4 meters in the Tongguan area of ​​Shaanxi Province, making the Weihe River unable to move forward. The water poured back and flooded a large amount of land, directly threatening the ancient capital of Xi'an."]

Many dynasties with their capital in Chang'an: Don't think that we can't tell that this is Chang'an even if they change their names.

Where did the Soviet Union come from? Where did such unreliable experts come from? Can they think about failed projects before making plans? This is the first time in so many years that I heard that the Wei River was blocked back to Chang'an.

You didn’t build the Three Gorges Project quite well, so why did you mess around with it when it came to the Yellow River?

["In the end, many sediment drainage channels were added and rebuilt for the dam, and water was only stored during the dry season when there was less sediment, and a large amount of water was released during the flood season, prompting the sediment to be discharged from the reservoir. In this kind of 'accumulation of clear water and drainage of muddy water'" In this way, the expected situation of Sanmenxia Reservoir has gradually improved."

Compared with the clear reservoir before, the water in Sanmenxia was turbid and sparse, and it finally got better.

"The failure of Sanmenxia made us start to reflect on our governance ideas and evolve a new method - water and sediment regulation."]

When it comes to the Yellow River, no dynasty can stand aside and watch the excitement. Everyone is waiting for a miracle to appear on the sky and see this river that has turned from clear to turbid become clear again.

[“Among the cascade reservoirs planned on the main stream of the Yellow River, Wanjiazhai and Xiaolangdi reservoirs have been built successively.”

The Yellow River in Xiaolangdi Scenic Area is rolling and flowing down. The clear reservoir water vacated by floods is used to wash away sediment in the downstream river; the turbid water flow is caused by the joint release of water from the Wanjiazhai and Sanmenxia reservoirs upstream after the water level of Xiaolangdi Reservoir dropped.

“When the turbid sediment enters the clear water in the reservoir area, it will dive under the clear water due to its excessive density, thereby flushing the sediment accumulated by the water droplets out of the reservoir area. This is called ‘hypergravity flow sediment discharge’.

Through the joint regulation of upstream and downstream reservoirs, people have finally achieved active control of water and sediment in the Yellow River. At the same time, the control of water and soil erosion that has lasted for more than 70 years has begun to show results. "

Compared with the founding of the People's Republic of China, the coverage rate of forest and grass vegetation on the Loess Plateau today has increased by 59%, and the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River has decreased by nearly 88%. The main channel of the lower reaches of the Yellow River has not only not risen, but has dropped by 3.1 meters...]