Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

People who know about agriculture and history are already starting to think comparatively.

Their previous perspectives and views on problems were completely different from those of later generations. According to the thinking of later generations, food crops have indeed evolved from generation to generation with the development of productivity.

A long time ago, the top of their five grains was millet. There is a saying that the Ji in Sheji originally also referred to millet.

Millet (yellow rice/millet) has a short growth cycle, does not require a lot of water, and can be grown in any soil. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, millet (millet), which was more delicious, began to be widely planted, replacing millet. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, , rice and wheat entered the stage of history and were widely cultivated by people in a larger area. Until later generations, corn was added.

The entire history of changes in staple food cultivation is the history of the development of manpower and tools.

Thinking of this, some people are also preparing to pack their bags and travel around the country to do field research like later generations of scholars and write some food-related books.

Lucky viewer No. 9, Zhou Wenli, was born in the Zhengde period and was curious about the Vivalov mimicry.

["Vavilov was a botanist and geneticist from the former Soviet Union. Vavilov mimicry is a mimicry phenomenon in animals and plants discovered by his research."

Xiaoxiao really knows this, and she gave an example: "The video we just saw mentioned that humans have domesticated wheat and barley, and the rye next to it was originally just a weed.

Wild rye does not initially produce seeds, so the plant is destroyed after people harvest the wheat. Occasionally, mutants will produce seeds, and these mutants are protected from destruction.

It was under this survival choice that rye itself chose to imitate wheat, changing from a perennial plant to an annual, producing seeds, becoming a human crop, and being planted by humans. ”]

Ancient people: I understand. In order to survive, rye moved closer to wheat and was sold as a slave to humans. It bears fruit every year for humans to eat and drink. Humans ensure that it can have descendants from generation to generation.

Li Si: Not only do rats know to go to barns filled with grain, but even millet knows that it cannot grow blindly in the wild on its own and must seek refuge with people who have the ability to ensure its growth.

He felt that his thoughts were now flowing, and he quickly recorded his current inspiration as part of a book.

The last lucky audience member, Guo Long, has a family that has been farming and studying for generations. His family background is not obvious, but he can still live a good life. Besides studying, he also takes up farming as a hobby in private. He just enjoys it for himself and has never thought about systematic farming. Summarize the research.

Looking at the development of these food crops, he was a little interested in the hybrid black wheat, and he was more interested in the wheat harvested in later generations.

"I would like to ask the host, what kind of wheat are you growing now? Are they also improved tetraploid or hexaploid?"

[Okay, Xiaoxiao understands, let’s go find information about modern wheat.

Looking at the father of hybrid wheat, whom she had no idea about, she clicked in. 】

Looking at the title of "Nan Yuan Bei Li, the Father of Hybrid Wheat", some people wondered: "Strange, the Mr. Li Denghai last time was also Nan Yuan Bei Li..." Are these people mistaken?

The aunt next to him raised her hand and patted his head: "Shennong is still alive. If you don't follow other people's methods of breeding, you'd rather care about their reputation."

The confused person rubbed his head and smiled innocently: "What the aunt said is that I was stupid. Let's listen carefully to what the father of wheat did. It just so happens that we are also growing wheat."

[Li Zhensheng was born in a rural family in Zibo, Shandong in 1931. His father passed away when he was thirteen, leaving his mother alone with four children...]

The Shandong people raised their heads. Although they were descendants, not ancestors, it sounded very proud. There were two such great sages in Shandong.

"Before, we had Li Denghai in Laizhou, and now we also have Li Zhensheng in Zibo!"

Seeing the proud and proud faces of the young people, the old man sitting on the stone slab sighed. When people saw him like this and asked what was wrong, he said quietly: "We should be happy to have such a person in Shandong.

But that’s also where the anchors are.

We have to eat in one bite, and we have to eat by ourselves. We don’t have them. If we want to have them, we must learn and cook by ourselves. "

After hearing what he said, several young people also suppressed their joy: "Second uncle, what you said is that we still have to grow our own crops."

Another uncle next to him was also lamenting that even if Li Zhensheng was forced to drop out of school because his family was poor and he had to go out to make a living, it still meant that he had studied before.

The young man didn’t understand why. What’s wrong with reading? Aren’t all future generations going to study?

The uncle rolled his eyes at him and asked angrily and uncomfortably: "Didn't you hear them say that we were poor before? My family is like that. How can we still let our children study some books first? Who among us can do this?"

Whether the family can raise the basic expenses for studying is another matter. Nowadays, there are only a limited number of teachers, and they don’t have any education methods. It’s not certain whether they are willing to accept students.

No matter who among these descendants in the sky, those who have made great achievements may not have high academic qualifications, but they have all read books and continued to study later.

They just have the conditions to study, and they can learn whatever they want.

[He came to Jinan alone and wanted to find a job to make a living. He accidentally saw the admission notice of Shandong Agricultural College. Because of the words "food and accommodation can be provided" in the notice, he went with the mentality of giving it a try. Apply...]

"I actually went to study because it provided food and accommodation..."

People with good family conditions find this a bit funny, but those with poor family conditions can really relate to it.

Even people who don't like studying, have no talent or ideas about studying, and whose family is poor, but there is a place that provides food and accommodation, they are still happy to go there. Without them, the family will have more food rations.

Educators of all dynasties understand it very well.

Those who work in education really feel sorry for those students who are talented but come from poor families and cannot continue their studies.

The warehouse is solid and you know etiquette, and you have enough food and clothing to know honor and disgrace. If you don't have enough food, what can you do? It's even less possible for a large family to cut down on food and clothing, just to educate one child.

In fact, the teachers are willing to help those who are very talented, but in all things, there is no guarantee that there will be too many people. Many of them even have to borrow money from wealthy businessmen to support their disciples. After all, they are not able to help so many students. people.

His family conditions were average. When he was a student, he cut bamboo and wood to make letters. Shusun Tong understood Li Zhensheng very well. "He has food to eat and can go to college." Let alone him, he would not dare to do it any other day. Imagine.

[The wheat breeding course taught by Professor Shen Shouquan from the former Yenching University made Li Zhensheng interested in wheat for the first time; Professor Yu Songlie's genetics course completely made him love this field.

During the holidays, he brought several wheat varieties he cultivated in school back to his hometown. As expected, the wheat yield increased, which gave him the idea of ​​engaging in wheat breeding research in the future...

After graduating from university in 1951, he was assigned to work in Beijing. Five years later, he responded to the call to support the construction of the Northwest and came to Yangling, a small town in the west, to start wheat breeding research...]

The people in the imperial city didn't understand. He had already gone to the capital from Zibo. Why would he go to a more remote place? It was better to go there when he returned to Zibo!

The rulers of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whose economic development was extremely unbalanced between the north and the south, could understand that the north, especially the northwest, was indeed poor and miserable. They were only places where people were sent to other places, and everyone who went to the south was a fat job.

They also want other places to develop together, but with their existing capabilities and manpower, they are unable to do so.

Everyone studied hard for decades, and finally went to a remote place for high school. It is better to expect them to work hard and perform well than to expect them to just mess around and collect less money from the people.

There are many people who want to do something, but if they want to do something, there will be very few people who respond.

The nature of society is different, how can there be such a big difference...

[What was in front of everyone at that time was wheat stripe rust, also known as jaundice. It will harm the leaves and leaf sheaths of wheat, destroy chlorophyll, cause photosynthesis to decrease, and ultimately lead to a 20%-30% reduction in wheat yield, and even no harvest in severe cases...]

Cut production by 20% to 30%? No harvest?

In the wheat field, as soon as Tian Mu finished speaking, many people quickly lowered their heads to check their own wheat. Fortunately, it was still green.

"This jaundice doesn't seem to be present in the wheat we don't have, right?"

"Bah, bah, bah, don't talk nonsense. We have been paying close attention to the wheat recently and listen carefully to Tianmu."

Some farmers suddenly realized that they thought the weather was bad or they didn't do a good job in their own area. It turned out that the food was abnormal and sick!

"If there is a disease, can we also give medicine to the crops?"

"How are you going to prepare this medicine? Can the doctor even check the pulse of these wheat grains?"

Some doctors who actually study human medicine every day: It seems that it is another way to make a living...

[When he was in college, Li Zhensheng followed soil scientist Feng Zhaolin and engaged in research on planting grass to improve soil. He collected and planted more than 800 kinds of grass, so he also had a lot of research on grass.

He thought that wheat has a history of thousands of years, but it is still weak and sickly today, and the weeds grow extremely lush despite no one taking care of them.

Can we breed wheat with strong disease resistance through the hybridization of natural pasture and wheat? ]

"grass!"

Zhao Guoting was stunned, turned around and asked the farmer behind him: "Aren't Tianmu kidding me, grass and wheat?"

Rice is still hybridized with various types of rice, and corn is cultivated from generation to generation. Even those barley, wheat, oats, and rye are all similar wheat.

"Forage and wheat, pasture, pasture..." Although Zhao Guo did not know the specific botanical classification of later generations, his common sense told him that the difference between these two plants was greater than that of birds and fish.

Liu Che in Weiyang Palace noticed this grass after being shocked.

He was thinking about whether Zhao Guo could also plant some pasture and study human rations as well as horse rations. The storage method was mentioned before when the anchor talked about Leymus chinensis. Don't worry about this...

[He worked on this research for 30 years, during which many problems arose. It was not until 1979 that his research finally made a breakthrough.

The Xiaoyan No. 12 he studied not only had good resistance to the eight physiological races of stripe rust that were popular at the time, but was also resistant to dry and hot winds, drought-tolerant, and had stable yields. The average sowing amount per mu is 16-700 kilograms, and the yield per mu is about kilograms.

With the success of "Xiaoyan No. 6", local farmers have truly felt the benefits brought by the new variety of wheat, and the saying "If you want to eat noodles, grow Xiaoyan" has been spread. ]

How much is the yield per mu?

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the wheat yield per mu was three shi, or about 84 jins; during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the wheat yield was about one shi per mu, and one shi at that time was 84 jins, which was not much different; during the Song Dynasty, the wheat yield per mu was about 98 jins; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the wheat yield per mu was more than one shi. , 140 pounds upwards.

In the early days, the yield of wheat per mu was less than 100 catties. Later, with intensive farming, the yield was less than 200 catties.

And this 'Xiaoyan No. 6' can not only resist various diseases, but also directly increase the yield so many times.

Rice was not widely cultivated in the early days, and corn was a crop from overseas. However, wheat, as one of the five grains, has been widely cultivated in the past dynasties. They knew the yield of wheat very well.

In particular, there is a comparison of sowing amount and harvest amount, which is even more convenient for them to understand the conversion.

Li Yuan looked at the beard he had pulled off in his hand, wondering why this was not a figure of his own era. If it were him at this time, he would be willing to make the decision and directly include the person in the royal ancestral hall.

Not to mention being a son, if he wanted to, he could be a brother or an ancestor.

Li Zhi thought of the members of the clan who were left behind by Li Yuan in his later years to live on dry food. When he looked at this descendant, he felt resentful for the first time - they were all surnamed Li, and he would do whatever they did!

Li Shimin looked at his two sons and sincerely advised: "Gao Ming, Qingque, stop studying chemistry and go study genetics and botany."

Magical technologies and weapons can be built later. You and I really need agricultural geniuses.

I can't learn anymore, but there is still hope for you two.

Even Queen Changsun did not raise objections, but agreed: "I will have people bring some grains over this afternoon and find someone to teach you the planting methods and yields."

Li Chengqian took his younger brother and took a step back. The child looked horrified.

Li Tai felt okay. He thought that if the anchor could teach him how to grow watermelons, he would be happy to learn.

Looking at the back, with Xiaoyan No. 22 as the mother parent, generations of Xiaoyan No. 54, No. 81, No. ...

Different time and space, there are more and more chicken babies.

Zhuge Liang: When you’re done here, go back and take your son to the fields!

Liu Bei: I am already planting rice myself. When Kong Ming comes back, I will ask Liu Chan to follow me to the fields.

Zhu Yuanzhang also looked at the group of children in front of him with a gentle expression.

Don't worry about Biao'er, he wants to follow me to learn how to be an emperor, and the rest of the children...

"Second brother, you are the smartest. Dad will also set up a test field for you and find hundreds of different kinds of wheat and forage for you. You will also learn how to make these wheat and rice.

The rest of you will follow your second brother to do research! "

Zhu Ping's face was twisted.

I am smart, but I need someone to teach me! The anchor himself doesn’t know these genetics and biology, dad, how do you want me to learn them?