Crossing the Rise of Special Forces

Under new conditions, commanders must not always copy and use outdated combat methods; otherwise, the operations will not achieve the desired objectives, and such copying is also a manifestation of the intellectual poverty of the copier himself.

The use of military theory to guide war is a kind of "military art"; the "methods and methodology" derived from the direct war experience of soldiers are an important basis for guiding war.

Generals rely on practical experience to direct wars.

Military science is based on military history, and studying military history is the basis for studying military theory.

Must be good at learning knowledge, receiving education, and especially should have practical experience.

The more deeply theory helps people understand things, the more it can transform objective knowledge into subjective ability, and it can play a role in all situations where talent is relied upon to solve problems. In other words, it (referring to war theory) works on talent itself.

"In the art of war, experience is of far greater value than all philosophy"; it belongs to the science of experience.

The general essence and laws that have commonality. Keep examining until the ultimate goal. It should be "very simple". The content of the entire war theory should be "compressed" to form a few "simple" theoretical conclusions, so that the commanders and commanders who guide the war can grasp them and transform them into a method of "directly dealing with" war issues.

A scientific and useful war theory should be "empirical" in terms of its source, which is a summary and generalization of war experience and war history experience; it should be "investigative" in nature, which is a highly abstraction of the general essence and regularity of stability in war movements and people's activities in directing wars; it should be "holistic" in terms of its composition structure, which is able to abstract the various elements, parts or links that constitute war and their mutual relationships, making it an orderly, organic and complete system, and making the logic of this theory "consistent" with the "logical" order of people's understanding of war and guiding war; and it should be "simple" in terms of its final results and application purposes, which can be "compressed" into "a few main conclusions" that are convenient for commanders and commanders to "directly deal with problems."

In addition to its essential social and political attributes, war also has its own unique "bloody" nature, that is, "violent" nature.

"War is nothing but the continuation of politics by other means."

Strategy is the use of combat to achieve the purpose of war.

The highest expression of strategic guidance is to formulate a plan for the use of "battles" for the entire war and implement the war plan.

Based on the objective actual conditions of the war and the "law of probability", we should carefully formulate and conscientiously implement a war plan that suits the characteristics of both sides of the war, correctly analyze, examine and use the "strategic elements that determine the operation of the battle", that is, make subjective strategic guidance as consistent as possible with objective strategic reality.

It is necessary to "concentrate superior forces."

Political strategy is the highest level.

It regards strategy and tactics as an inseparable and organic whole, and clearly points out that the important content of strategy is to make plans for war.

A scientific and useful theory of war.

"Fight." "War is an act of violence to force our enemy to obey our will."

"War is nothing but the continuation of politics by other means."

War is viewed as a complex system consisting of a "trinity", namely, the "violence" subsystem, the "military" subsystem, and the "socio-political" subsystem.

The military essence of war is "to destroy the enemy's army and preserve one's own army."

First, "the inherent violence of the elements of war, namely hatred and hostility, which can be regarded as blind natural impulses" which are mainly related to "the people"; second, "the activities of probability and accident, which make war a free spiritual activity" which are mainly related to "the commander-in-chief and his army"; third, "the subordination of war as a political tool, so war is a purely rational act" which is mainly related to the "government" departments of both warring countries.

"The element of war is fighting", war is nothing more than an enlarged fighting.

War is an act of violence to force our enemies to obey our will.

First, "violence" is the "means" of war; second, "imposing one's will on the enemy" is the (political) "purpose" of war; third, "making the enemy unable to resist" or "defeating the enemy" is the highest (military) "goal" of war.

The threefold nature of politics, violence and military is the key point: "means of violence", "political purpose" and "military goal".

"War is nothing but the continuation of politics by other means." "Destroy the enemy's army and preserve your own army."

Struggle is the only factor that produces results.

"War is nothing but fighting on an extended scale."

"In the art of war experience is of far greater value than all philosophy."

After abstracting "violent means", "political purposes" and "military goals" from "fighting", war is regarded as a complex large system composed of a "violent" subsystem, a "social-political" subsystem and a "military" subsystem.

"War is an act of violence to force our enemy to obey our will."

"Violence". The law of development of "maximum use of violence".

“The attempt to resolve a crisis by bloodshed, i.e., to annihilate the enemy’s army, is the firstborn of war.”

"The elements of war (i.e. violence)".

"War is bloody politics."

"The maximum use of violence" is the special law of movement of war itself. In the absence of "resistance", this law will make the war reach the form of "absolute war".

"The maximum use of violence".

"Defeating the enemy is the natural goal of military action", "violence is used to the maximum extent", "the war proceeds without pause".

The law of "maximum use of violence".

War is a political act, and its laws are not entirely determined by itself.

The "violent" subsystem of war cannot exist independently from the "socio-political" subsystem and the "military" subsystem.

"Violence equips itself with the fruits of technology and science to fight violence."

"Absolute war". "Real war".

"The inherent violence of the elements of war." "The subordination of war as a political tool."

"War is never an isolated act."

It can only be determined based on the materials provided by the real world and the laws of probability.

Wars in the real world not only have the "inherent violence of war elements", but also have "political subordination"; not only that, the "political" nature of war also generally restricts the "violent" and "military" nature of war.

"War is not an independent thing," but a complex large system composed of the "violence" subsystem, the "socio-political" subsystem and the "military" subsystem, a complex contradictory whole.

The "violent means" and "military objectives" of war are not only dependent on the "political purposes" of war, but the "violent means" and "military objectives" of war, together with the "political purposes" themselves, are also dependent on the characteristics of the relevant countries that cause the war and the specific social and political conditions in which these countries are located at the time, especially on the "mass" conditions.

"the masses".

"The activity of probability and chance." "A free spiritual activity" performed by the commander and the army.

War is a military activity of "probability and accident", but also a "political" activity of necessity.

On the one hand, "probability and contingency" are rampant in the objective process of the development and change of war; on the other hand, the commanders and the army, as the main body of military activities, their spiritual forces such as "courage" and "wisdom" are not constrained by "poor necessity" and can play their role freely. Therefore, "war is similar to gambling both in its objective nature and in its subjective nature (referring to the guidance of war)."

"Freedom does not lie in the dream of becoming independent from the laws of nature, but in the understanding of these laws so that we can use them in a planned way to serve definite purposes."

In the war movements and military activities that appear to have a "gambling" color and are dominated by "probability and contingency", it turns out that the inevitable laws of "political purpose" and "political interaction" of the war run through it from beginning to end. It is the "political" inevitable laws that play a leading role in war and military activities.

"War is nothing but the continuation of politics by other means."

"The decision of victory or defeat depends on the overall situation."

The military commander who directs the war must not only be well versed in military affairs, but also be familiar with politics.

In fact, they all follow a special "law of probability". "Political" necessity runs through the war from beginning to end. As far as the local part of the war is concerned, the military activities in the war are a kind of "probability and accidental activities". In the process of the movement and development of the war, there is a constant interaction between "politics" and "military".

People also "must follow the law of probability" when directing wars and conducting wars.

The guidance of war must proceed from the objective reality of the war. The war plan must first be formulated based on the "probability" generated by the political factors and political relations of the two warring countries, that is, to find the most important and decisive things from the war. The war plan must change according to the changes in the actual situation of the war and be constantly revised. "Always follow the established principles in implementation." If you don't take risks in war, you will achieve nothing; in taking risks, you still have to be smart and cautious.

"War is a process in which both sides frequently interact with each other" and "the entire military operation is always inseparable from spiritual power and its role."

The overall nature of war is composed of three essential attributes: "the inherent violence of war elements", "its subordination as a political tool" and "probability and contingency".

War is a political act; "each war must be different, because of the different motives for it and the different conditions which produce it."

"All wars can be considered as political acts." "War is nothing but the continuation of politics by other means."

(Determining the "political purpose" and "military objectives" of the war) stipulates all the guidelines for combat, determines the scope of the use of military means and the strength of the violent means used, and always affects the smallest links of military operations.

"There is only one military means in war, and that is fighting."

"Among the purposes that can be pursued in war (i.e. military objectives), destroying the enemy's army is always the highest purpose (the highest military objective)." "Destroy the enemy's army and preserve your own army."

Generally speaking, the military goal of "defeating the enemy" should include three objective elements, namely, "the enemy's army, territory and will."

First, "the enemy's army must be destroyed, that is, the enemy's army must be put in a situation where it can no longer fight." Second, "the enemy's territory must be occupied, otherwise the enemy can build a new army there." Third, the enemy's will must be conquered. "As long as the enemy's will has not been conquered, that is, as long as the enemy's government and its allies have not been forced to sign a peace treaty, or the enemy's people have not surrendered, we still cannot consider that the war, that is, the state of hostile tension and the activities of hostile forces, has ended. Because even if we completely occupy the enemy's territory, the enemy may still rise up again in his country or with the support of his allies to fight."

In reality, in addition to being unable to continue resisting, there are two other situations that can lead to peace: one is that the possibility of winning is not great, and the other is that the cost of winning is too high.

"The initial political intentions may change greatly in the course of the war and may become completely different in the end, because the political intentions also depend on the military results achieved and the possible results."

Several ways to solve the problem: First, "First, of course, we should use the methods used to defeat the enemy, that is, to destroy the enemy's army and occupy the enemy's area." Second, destroy the enemy's alliance or make it ineffective, which is suitable for winning new allies for ourselves, or for launching favorable political activities. Third, invasion, that is, seizing certain areas of the enemy, but we do not want to occupy it, but only want to demand military taxes here, or even destroy it. Fourth, our actions are mainly aimed at increasing the enemy's losses. Fifth, "exhaust the enemy...gradually consume the enemy's material strength and wear down the enemy's will through persistent military operations."

In short, the military objectives of a war can only be achieved if they truly conform to the objective reality of the war.