New Shun 1730

With the development of Dashun's industry and commerce, the division of labor in the commodity economy, Jiangsu's reform, foreign trade, Western impact, Confucian theory was unable to guide the reality at this time, and a series of problems.

And the special situation that Liu Yu carried out the salt reform in Huainan, the base camp of the Taizhou School.

The successors of these two schools finally came together and made an attempt.

In this attempt, the chemical reaction between the two schools of thought presents a very subtle and interesting state.

A "minor" disagreement on education, Confucian orthodoxy, government affairs and small social attempts at ideology.

The Yan-Li School was opposed to the imperial examination.

He believed that the imperial examination system could not select talents.

So what should we do?

The institutional conception of their school can be summarized in two sentences.

school education.

Officials and officials are one.

If the son of a villager reaches the age of eight, he is selected to enter the village school. If you are smart, you can enter school at the age of five; if you are sick, you can postpone it, but it cannot exceed the age of ten at the latest.

Rural schools provide enlightenment education and learn basic knowledge such as etiquette, literacy, and arithmetic.

Township school is a day school system and students live at home.

Five years later, at the age of thirteen, outstanding graduates from rural schools will be selected to enter county schools.

Study in the county for another five years.

Every day there are classes on the first and sixth days, etiquette practice on the third and eighth days, poetry and music practice on the fourth and ninth days, and archery practice on the fifth and tenth days. Of course, with the development of the times, astronomy, geography, water conservancy, physics, and agriculture are all things that are advocated for learning.

The scriptures are divided into eight disciplines in total, and the scriptures can be chosen from one science.

County schools must be boarding schools. Even if you live next to the school, you must live on campus.

I studied in the county until I was eighteen. Conducting an examination and selection.

Select the outstanding ones to enter the county school. County students are allowed to re-study, but only for one year. If they fail to pass the exam within one year, they are considered dead.

After the county school enters the county school, the county school is regarded as the preparatory course for the provincial school and only lasts for three months.

The main thing is to check whether you have cheated before, whether you are qualified in all aspects, and whether your ethics are up to standard.

The county schools entered the provincial schools. After the examination, they were selected and sent to the central Taixue. Their school was named Sungkyunkwan.

To achieve uniformity, we take the statement from "The Rites of Zhou" that "if talents are not achieved, uniform customs are not uniform".

There are a total of twelve majors, or twelve subjects.

After completing their studies in Sungkyunkwan, they were assigned to various counties.

Intern at county government offices in various counties for three years. According to their respective majors, they served as "officials" in the county government.

After the three-year internship period, based on the performance during the internship period, the officers will be selected to become official officials.

Those who do not undergo three years of grassroots internship cannot become officials.

As for those who are still unable to enter township schools or county schools after the repeat period, they can learn some other professional skills, such as medicine, manufacturing, craftsmanship, tool making, etc.

It should be said that the idea is good.

This is also the reason why the Yan-Li school's proposal to comprehensively restore school education and cancel the imperial examination was not recognized by the imperial court after problems arose with the imperial examination reform in Dashun.

The idea is good.

However, the court had no money.

How much does it cost to do this?

When the eight-year-old rural school entrance system, the thirteen-year-old county school selection system, and the twelve-subject major system are rolled out across the country, will the imperial government have a golden mountain in its hands?

The fiscal and taxation system is here, and grassroots control is just a reality. The land is in the hands of the gentry, and taxes cannot be collected at all. After a few wars, flood control, and disaster relief, the national treasury will be at its bottom. How can there be money? Engage in such school education?

The Yan-Li school was not just a fantasy, they had said so when the Dashun imperial examination was reformed. No money, land reform.

But that was the situation, and in the end it was settled.

Of course, this is also the reason why their school and Liu Yu are not at odds with each other, and the two sides ridicule each other, but their relationship is still good and they sometimes praise each other.

Because the new learning Liu Yu created is basically a similar system.

However, the major is different from their twelve majors.

However, the overall idea of ​​starting school at the age of eight, selecting students from primary school to enter junior middle school, and selecting students from junior high school to enter vocational schools or academies of science is basically the same.

Moreover, the most important thing is that Liu Yu established a new learning system that also attached great importance to practice.

Their school is opposed to the kind of Confucian scholars who "sit quietly and contemplate". The essence of their school is "moving".

Yan Yuan gave a few simple examples, saying that it is like a dish. If you read a book and describe its taste, it is better to try it yourself. It is like learning music. If you read it every day with a theoretical book, it is better to talk about it and sing it with your own hands. .

Study, learn, focus on practice. You must understand the truth through practice, rather than sitting quietly in meditation and pondering the nature of your mind.

In addition, on issues such as the salt tax, the reformed currency system, the status of merchants, etc., both sides basically agree with the other side's ideas.

And some of the things beyond these are the deep-rooted hierarchy and feudal dross, on which the two sides have differences.

On the other hand, these people's ideas are even more radical than Liu Yu's.

For example, levy capital income tax on businessmen.

For example, they are extremely anti-religious, but they believe that the root of the religious problem is "not to control the people's stable property, which leads to the people having nowhere to go; and the people have no home to return to, which leads to the proliferation of Buddhism." However, controlling the people's constant property cannot be solved for the time being, so - " Monks and nuns over the age of sixty are allowed to exist. Those under the age of sixty who do not return to secular life will be killed."

For example, they have a similar attitude towards the issue of religious people in the northwest - those who are willing to respect the national law, adhere to the holy religion, and move away from other customs will be granted citizenship. Those who are unwilling will be deported. Those who neither leave our land nor respect our laws will be killed.

Prostitutes, prostitutes, etc., should be banned immediately, let them learn from female celebrities, support themselves, and make sure they change their past mistakes.

This is normal radicalism, but what is more interesting is the original attitude of their school towards other types of people.

One type is Western missionaries, who believe that those who can teach calendars, arithmetic, and make astronomical instruments can stay. Preacher, kill.

This is a more practical idea. It can be seen that although his school of thought is radical, it is not so brainless.

And this problem was also solved with the emergence of Liu Yu, and the fields of Western learning and practical studies were solved. Therefore, their attitude towards Liu Yu was also very subtle.

The other kind... embodies a very progressive idea.

Such as beggars.

The Yan-Li School is very progressive and believes that there is no need for special legislation for beggars. But as long as the country develops normally and the people have everything and everyone has their own business, then beggars will naturally disappear; and if there is special legislation to deal with beggars, it is putting the cart before the horse and cannot solve it at all.

Looking at this alone, coupled with their judgment that the expansion of religion is due to poor people's livelihood, it is enough for the relationship between Liu Yu and them to be mutually mocking but not too stiff.

Of course, this is only their good side, and there must be a lot of bad things. But if you can think of these few steps, it's pretty good.

In reality now, they definitely want their own set of ideas to be used in their village community experiments.

Religious issues, heresy issues, and prostitute issues certainly did not exist in the village community.

They also have no chance to practice the capital business income tax issue of businessmen.

However, the rural school system can be put into practice.

However, the Yan-Li School's educational philosophy is to cultivate qualified "scholars", that is, qualified reserve bureaucrats, and the Taizhou School's Confucian ideas of civilianization, some strange problems have arisen.

People from the Yan-Li school are considered...technical "bureaucrats" in the village community.

The group of people from the Taizhou School started by popularizing Confucianism and controlled the ideology.

The group of people who govern village communities, teach agriculture, and organize water conservancy projects are from the Yan-Li school.

It was the successors of the Taizhou School who propagated and taught the mystical Confucianism of the civilian religion of Demonic Reform in the countryside and grasped the ideology of the village community from the bottom up.

For many things, such as the previous large-scale infrastructure construction and canal construction, the people of the Yan-Li school did not speak very well.

We still have to rely on the group of people from the Taizhou School to come forward and organize the people.

People of the Yan-Li school of thought were either studying in the countryside or taking charge of affairs in the village community, or they were just like Meng Songlu, running around the south and north of the Yangtze River to get loans and learn in practice.

People of the Taizhou School, in village communities, were either singing poems or telling stories in the countryside, teaching the way to sainthood in the countryside, and they were still able to be understood by illiterate civilians.

People of the Yan and Li School spent their energy on education on children who entered school after the age of eight. They learned basic knowledge, but after returning home, the people they came into contact with at home were all those from the Taizhou School. The Yan-Li School is a heretical theory.

In Cheng Tingzuo's words, when these children grow up, do you think they are from the Yanli School or the Taizhou School?

An eight-year-old child can only learn Confucianism systematically, but it is impossible for him to learn Confucianism systematically. However, by the time he enters the "county school" at the age of thirteen to formally study Confucian classics, his mind has already been filled with ideas that have transformed the mind of the common people.

If it were in other dynasties or other times, this matter would actually not matter.

Their school of thought originally had an opinion. Wang Yuan, for example, felt that the struggle between sects could actually go like this:

"Cheng Zhu can do it, and Lu Wang can do it. But the key is that it doesn't have to be Cheng Zhu, or Lu Wang, or even say what he does. We can just focus on economic articles."

This meaning is also very simple.

Although we criticize Cheng Zhu and King Lu, we basically hope that the world will not "must be Cheng Zhu and King Lu".

As long as one can understand the true meaning of Confucianism, be a gentleman, be a person of high moral character, and be blameless in words and deeds, then this person is considered a true Confucian.

There are so many problems in the world now, so we should just focus on practical learning, the most practical, basic knowledge that is useful to the world.

Although this is not the mainstream thought of the school, it does have a certain influence. After all, the specialty of the Yan-Li School is not really the construction of superstructure, such as Qi, Wuji, and Tao.

This is similar to Qian Daxin's evaluation of Dai Zhen: Your specialty is not to fix these things at all. You must fix them. It is not too easy to criticize you.

But the problem is that this is now, not a normal time.

First of all, focusing on economic studies, academic and practical learning, there are already people here in Dashun who have taken up the banner. Their school really cannot carry this banner now - if it is a "normal" situation, their school will definitely It’s the one who holds the banner of anti-practical learning, but it’s not normal now.

Secondly, it is Dashun's "prosperity" crisis.

The Yan-Li School feels that it still needs to complete the upper-level construction and try its best to solve the crisis of this prosperous age so that Confucianism can guide reality and be universally applicable to the world.

Since someone else has taken up the banner of practical learning, then our own school still needs to develop more ideological things so that it can match the reforms they envisage, so that it can be justified.

If the level is really not good enough, that's it, they may all switch to Xinxue Practical Learning.

However, although their Confucian theories are not as good as those who worship in Confucian temples, they are not inferior, and they are also outstanding people.

There is no need to have a sense of mission to save the nation from extinction now, so we can project this sense of mission onto the ideological crisis of Confucianism in the prosperous era.

We need to figure out a system, including the political construction of a series of issues such as official system, education, school, political consultation, land system, industrial and commercial system, etc.

We must also take the opportunity of tracing the ancient saints, questioning the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, and examining the classics to put forward new theories that can guide reality, can be self-consistent with their reform ideas, and can solve the upper-level theories within the cultural circle of the world.

In this case, their relationship with the successors of the Taizhou School is quite subtle.

This subtlety seems to be able to solve many practical problems - the scholar class, learning professional, orthodox, and systematic Confucianism; the common people, engage in this kind of mystical religious civilian Confucianism, and make it similar to the magic modified local Buddhist Guanyin.

But in fact, it doesn't work, because the idea of ​​the Yanli School is to use a comprehensive set of school education from the eight-year-old township school to the final Sungkyunkwan, and the official designation of orthodox knowledge, which is the real way to maintain the world.

But the reality is that their idea of ​​comprehensive school education, maintaining great unity and unified national world consciousness cannot be achieved because there is no money.

Of course, the Dashun court still recognizes the educational philosophy of their school.

Because the Dashun basic system of good families is a variant of this school system. Although it is called the Three Houses Method in name, it is actually more similar to their school. They all study from childhood and are selected to enter school.

But because of this, the Dashun court is also very clear about how much money it will cost to fully roll out this system.

Moreover, the official knowledge established by the court is always lacking something and cannot be integrated into a complete system.

So this is back to the first step. They think they still need to build the system first and get back to the source.