New Shun 1730

The Earl of Halifax's idea was similar to George Grenville's negotiation ideas in trying to inherit the legacy of Pitt and the Patriot Party.

After all, the world is material, and when forced to this point, there are not many choices left.

The two things that Liu Yu was most worried about at the beginning were that Britain would abandon India and let China and France bite each other, and the other was that Britain would replace the Netherlands as a second-tier dealer between the East and the West. These two things can be regarded as Britain's strategic initiative. Once it gives up this strategic initiative, when France fails in India and Dashun sends troops, there are actually not many choices left.

The ideas of the Earl of Halifax and George Grenville were all selected from these few options and could be implemented.

This is the story of a rooster that crows the sun.

It's nothing more than that there are two roosters in the British court now.

One is a rooster with the Royalist Crown Prince at its core; the other is a rooster from the Grenville faction who inherited the Patriot Party and made appropriate cuts.

The key now is not that the sun will come out, because this is inevitable.

The key is, which rooster crows the sun?

This is the top priority.

This time the Sino-French coalition captured Gibraltar to send away prisoners. From the perspective of the English nation, it must be a show of force.

But that's not important.

The important thing is that both the two roosters in the British political arena are in urgent need of this opportunity to seize the opportunity to "call the sun out".

Dashun's mission was of low standard and was obviously not here for negotiation.

It is at least impossible to finalize the details of an armistice.

However, ordinary people don't know.

Nowadays, the British people, or the people, or the common people, are pretty much the same, they only care about a few things.

Can the national debt be repaid?

Should the Militia Law be changed to make it compulsory to go abroad to fight?

Of course, there are other classes of British people.

Such as the merchant class, such as financiers, such as handicraftsmen, such as factory owners, etc.

However, in this situation, these people are not a threatening force that can overthrow the existing regime.

For the regime, it must first appease those forces that have the ability to create large-scale chaos and may overthrow the existing regime.

After appeasing them, the remaining people couldn't make any big noise.

At this moment when the Sino-French allied forces are approaching the Great Wooden Wall and have the ability to threaten the British mainland with violence, there are only three types of people who have this power.

Jacobites, low-level militias, and Treasury bond buyers in the name of Tories.

In this case, even if Dashun is not actually here to negotiate, and even if it is possible to negotiate, it is impossible to finalize a post-war treaty at its level.

But it didn't stop them. The two roosters took this opportunity to tell the British people what they wanted to know.

For example, if you buy government bonds, don’t worry! We have reached preliminary negotiations with the Chinese, and the national debt can be repaid with tariffs on Eastern trade goods!

For example, if you are worried about militiamen going abroad to fight, don’t worry! We have reached preliminary negotiations with China and France. The new king is a British king who can speak English. Hanover can be divided into the Duke of Cumberland according to the law of inheritance. You will not go abroad to fight.

Like, Tories, don't worry. Although we owe a lot of national debt, we have found a way to repay the national debt without increasing land taxes. Don't worry, we will not increase land taxes.

These are the few options the UK has at this time.

So, the key is, "Which rooster crows the sun?"

Whoever calls it out will gain a huge advantage in public opinion and parliament.

The one who calls later will either support it, which proves that the one who called first is correct; or it will oppose it, which means they will be abandoned by the militiamen, Treasury bond buyers, and landowners.

Lao Ma has analyzed the power issues in this handicraft factory era.

Although it is said that neither the George III party nor the remnants of the Patriot Party who are preparing for a just division can use Lao Ma's doctrine and system to analyze the current situation.

But, just like, before Newton, people also knew how to use water to flow to lower places, and they also knew that things would fall when they were thrown into the sky. Gravity first existed, and then Newton discovered it, not the other way around.

Since social science is science, the same is true.

Lao Ma said:

[Industry (in the age of the craft workshops) (which became indispensable because it had to provide employment to the growing urban population) could not do without privileges, which could be used not only against domestic competition, but mainly against foreign competition.

The handicraft industry cannot do without protection, because any small change in other countries is enough to make it lose its market and go bankrupt.

Manufacturing industry can easily be established in a country under slightly favorable conditions, and because of this it can easily be destroyed.

Moreover, its business methods, especially those in the countryside in the eighteenth century, integrated it with the way of life of the masses, so much so that no country dared to allow free competition regardless of the survival of manufacturing industry.

Thus manufacture, so long as it is able to export its own products, is entirely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade, and its reaction to trade is relatively slight.

This point shows that the significance of workshop handicrafts is secondary, and also shows the influence of merchants in the 18th century.

It is these merchants, especially shipowners, who most resolutely demand state protection and monopoly; it is true that manual workshop owners also demand protection and get it.

But in political terms, they are not as good as merchants.

Commercial cities, especially coastal commercial cities, have the nature of the big bourgeoisie, while workshop handicrafts are still dominated by the spontaneous forces of the petty bourgeoisie...】

This is what Lao Ma said, in this era, it is the hegemony of commerce and the hegemony of the navy that drive the hegemony of industry.

The essence of the struggle between the British Whigs and the Tories is that the bourgeoisie has grown in coastal cities, but the feudal forces and land aristocrats in Britain are still strong. As a last resort, the commercial bourgeoisie, with the help of the Whigs or the opposition within the Whigs, formed an oligarchic alliance to maintain its ruling position.

The reason for not daring to trade freely is because [its business methods, especially those in the countryside, combine it with the lifestyle of the masses, so that no country dares to allow free competition regardless of the survival of workshop handicrafts].

This is typified by the cotton cloth prohibition orders in 1701 and 1721. Both of these prohibition orders contain the following sentence: [for more Effectual Employing the Poor]

Poor, poor people, the bottom.

The rough translation is "in order to allow the poor to have jobs" - a more profound point is "instead of dumping oriental cotton cloth, it is better to ban oriental cotton cloth, so that the poor can spin some yarn and rub some hemp at home, at least they can have something to do and earn some money to avoid starvation."

Old Ma's words are so right that even Britain is like this, and Dashun dared not to relax the inland tariffs at all after the Songsu reform, for fear of explosion.

Of course, France is also the same. It is really hard to say that it is just the French brandy producer capitalists who hindered the development of the French wine industry, so that cheaper honey could not be used... At least it cannot be evaluated so simply, but the millions of people in France who survive by picking grapes, growing grapes, making wine, working, doing oak barrel carpentry work, etc., also have to eat and live. If we release the rum, what will these people eat? What will they drink?

This is not such a simple matter. If we release it and have nothing to do, the invisible hand will naturally promote new industries, and these laborers will be filled into these new industries.

The reason is not wrong, just like those things in the late Ming Dynasty:

But it is just like the lament of some people who are sad about the demise of the Ming Dynasty: "The people's consciousness is too fucking low, and they are not willing to be starving obediently."

And people can't hibernate, and they don't eat or drink when they are controlled by the invisible hand. Some things are really helpless realistic choices, because the world is material, people will die if they don't eat, but before people die, they may die with a big name.

Including the Songsu reform of Dashun, Liu Yu also knew that factories and industries could not accommodate so many people, so he had to develop northern Jiangsu, Guandong, Nanyang and the comprador system of the imperial rice, and drive people to Nanyang and Northeast China to farm, instead of squeezing into the city, because there was no room for so many jobs.

The British may not be able to summarize the essence of the problem with the insightful reasoning of Lao Ma, but it does not mean that the rulers are unaware of the crisis brought about by the liberalization of tariffs and free trade.

For example, the Earl of Halifax suggested that the militia law should be used to reassure the people and ensure that they would not go to Hanover to fight, and the militia should be mobilized to suppress the textile industry uprising after the liberalization of trade. The old antiques on the Dashun side also knew this reason. When Liu Yu reformed the salt administration and shipping reforms, he gave Liu Yu the army in advance to suppress the Yangzhou salt workers' uprising.

The situation facing Britain now is a question of whether to be with friendly countries rather than with domestic slaves.

If they persist, it is very likely that the Tories will open the door and welcome the return of the Stuart king. And what should the British rulers choose? Naturally, they will choose the lesser of two evils and choose to suppress the textile industry uprising instead of choosing to stick to the end.

After all, if the Stuart family is restored, the Hanover family will certainly be finished.

Every one of the Whigs would have to go to the Tower of London.

Therefore, on this issue, the Whigs and the Royalists made the same choice: they would rather compromise with China, sign a treaty, and suppress the textile uprising than continue to fight and cause internal explosions. The Stuarts who can speak English have returned as the kings - although the Stuart family is also from Brittany, if it is really about feudal orthodoxy, it is at least a little more orthodox than the Dutch or Germans.

According to Lao Ma's analysis, it can be seen that the current British workshop handicraft producers are not as politically powerful as the commercial capitalists in coastal cities - such as ship owners, shareholders of monopoly companies, big businessmen, etc.

And the commercial capital in coastal cities must also rely on the Whigs of the land aristocracy to be able to govern and cede to the rulers of the cabinet.

It can be inferred that among the political forces in Britain at this time, the political power of the industrial cluster of workshop handicrafts is very fragile and powerless, that is, it can be abandoned.

Moreover, if trade were really liberalized, the impact from the Dashun would not destroy all British handicraft industries.

That is, only the porcelain, pottery, silk, textiles, and metal processing industries.

If you ask the landowners who grow grains whether it is good to allow these things to enter, it will not have any impact on them, and even if the cost of living is reduced, it will not matter.

The political power of the entire class is not very strong, and it is divided into many industries, some of which have an impact and some have no impact.

So, if you dare not provoke the landlords to increase land taxes, you dare not suppress the uprising of the textile industry? This is of course the preferred direction.