New Shun 1730

The subject of this "acceleration" is, of course, people.

Just as the people on the Dashun side and the group of people in North America were discussing the concepts of "state" and "ruling tools of the ruling class".

Britain is interpreting the "acceleration" that some people behind the Dashun think is in a universal way.

Nothing particularly universal.

Liverpool, England.

The militia mobilized from Devonshire are beating the crowds on the street and shooting at the crowds.

If we talk about abstract laws and procedures, this shooting seems to be legal and in accordance with procedures.

Because according to the "1715 Riot Act", "any British people who gather more than 12 people are considered to be rioting." This law was not abolished until 1967.

According to this decree, if they still do not disperse after one hour of warning, they can be killed and arrested.

The maximum penalty is hanging.

Moreover, the "1715 Riot Act" is one of the few laws in the UK that is not subject to the "no punishment for scholars and officials" clause.

According to the Clergy Protection Act, clergy are not subject to secular laws. However, the Treason Act and the Riot Act clearly stipulate that treason and riot are not within the scope of "no punishment for priests and officials".

Of course, the way to distinguish whether someone is a "priest" is to recite the scriptures. Recite the 51 chapters of the Christian Book of Songs, and select one. If you can recite it, you are considered a "scholar" and exempt from secular punishment. In the Boston Massacre in North America, two soldiers recited the Book of Songs before being executed and were exempted from the death penalty. It's just that a mark was burned on the thumb with an iron to indicate that the gold medal of immunity from death is invalid and can only be used once.

However, since this time it was identified as a riot, it would be useless to recite the Book of Songs, even the Bible, and say that you are Jesus' father.

These soldiers who suppressed it were not from Liverpool, but were mobilized from Devon.

Didn't the Dashun's participation in the war cause rumors that the militia law might be amended to force the militia to fight abroad?

The British government also issued a new "Militia Law" to emphasize: Don't revolt, rest assured, you will not be mobilized to fight overseas.

According to the "Militia Act of 1745", the militia of each county must be rotated once a year.

The reason for the rotation is very simple. If they are all locals, they may not kill them when they shoot.

So each county must rotate once a year.

If you are asked to be a militia and you don't want to go, it's not impossible. You just need to pay a fine of 30 taels of silver. If you don't pay, you can go to the "debtor prison", walk around the plantation, and repay the fine of 30 taels of silver.

This Devonshire can be regarded as a poor and remote place, and there is no empathy with these citizens of Liverpool, and they don't know each other at all. The law of rotating once a year was originally intended to prevent fellow villagers from knowing each other and not killing each other.

Therefore, the Devonshire militia beat and suppressed the people of Liverpool with ease, and they were so angry that they killed them.

The citizens of Liverpool took to the streets. If we talk about this, the blame can really be put on Dashun.

But, because it can be put on Dashun.

So it was not put on Dashun.

The reason why the citizens of Liverpool opposed the British government was to question why Britain participated in the war in Europe? Why did it provoke China in India to cause Dashun to join the war? If it had not provoked China in India, how could Dashun join the war?

If Dashun did not join the war, would their life be so miserable?

Of course, if this question is further extended, there will be more extensions.

For example, question the British royal family, why did they participate in the European war? Wasn’t it for Hanover?

Is it to protect Britain? Or to protect Hanover?

Is your family the Elector of Hanover? Or the King of Britain?

For example, question the British government, why did they invest money in North America, which is like a bottomless pit? Why fight in North America? Burn the war to North America?

This was one of the factors that led Dashun to join the war at that time. If it was Britain, which was already stable during the Napoleonic era, Dashun would not join the war, because at that time Britain really dared to fight to the death and was not afraid to go ashore. But now, Britain is not stable at all.

The Militia Act of 1745 and the rotation system are designed to prevent the Jacobite uprising, expel the Hanoverian Tartars, and welcome back the orthodoxy.

As for why the citizens of Liverpool opposed the British government at this time, the superficial reason was too simple.

Liverpool's economy collapsed.

As a small city with only 6,000 people sixty years ago, its population increased tenfold in a few decades, becoming one of the best port cities in Britain at this time. This rapid development also means that the city is extremely fragile.

Because it is neither based on industry nor agriculture, but on pure business.

Later generations have always ridiculed China's "Heavenly Kingdom" mentality since ancient times, claiming to be the Celestial Kingdom and having everything.

This statement... is definitely wrong.

For example, without Japanese copper, even minting coins would be a problem, not to mention the fact that there was a lack of precious metals, not even a large silver mine like Potosí.

But before the 19th century, excluding these precious metals, this statement was not wrong. For example, now the Dashun came to Europe for trade, and they were purely single trips, because when they came back, they didn't know what to transport to make money - it's not that the Dashun had high tariffs, but even if there was no tariff, there was really nothing to transport back to sell except gold, silver and copper.

Historically, in the late 18th century, Guangdong watchmakers had already made imitations everywhere; France made a total of five years of money shipping music boxes.

Therefore, although the small-scale peasant economy and self-sufficiency are bad in one way or another, there is one thing that will not lead to a total economic collapse due to a maritime blockade.

The UK is different.

Liverpool is a typical example of difference.

For Dashun people who often read history books, it is easy to understand the vicissitudes of history recorded in writing a few years ago.

Shuili of Haojing is ranked among the kings. There is no immortal dynasty in the world, and there is no city that does not rise and fall.

For example, Yangzhou, which has been prosperous for thousands of years, was directly abolished by a wave of water transportation instead of sea transportation; Liaocheng, a small northern Yangzhou city that had been prosperous for hundreds of years, was abandoned as the Yellow River was diverted and the canal was diverted. It was transformed from a row of thousands of business houses into a national-level poverty-stricken county. .

There is too much history like this, and it’s not just about Hao, Beijing and Shuili?

Therefore, for many people in Dashun, especially those from the new school of Dashun who have experienced a series of reforms such as the canal being abolished.

They still understand one thing.

The fate of a city certainly depends on... but it also needs to be considered...

The citizens of Liverpool obviously have a short history of writing - after all, the "literacy test" of the Clergy Protection Act, which does not punish scholar-officials, is so outrageous that they have to "memorize the Fifty-one Book of Songs" - so it is difficult for them Understand what it means to "consider the process of history."

At least before that, due to the booming trade and many factors, the citizens of Liverpool always believed that they had a quality, spirit, adventurous spirit, and business spirit that were different from others, which led to Liverpool's rapid growth in just sixty years. During the years, the small city developed into a large trading port.

Of course, this view is also normal.

After all, the great British economist Thomas Meng believed that the British economy was inferior to the Netherlands because the British were inferior and lacked the Dutch national characteristics such as diligence and adventurous spirit.

This is the difference between three views.

Because in the eyes of people from the new school of thought, who have been subtly influenced by Dashun's three views, they will only think that this statement is really a fool's errand.

The historical process factors that have enabled Liverpool to develop in recent years cannot be simpler.

first.

Britain has been at war all day since it entered the 18th century.

The French and Dutch may not really be able to go to the island.

But it is easy to harm Britain in the Channel. After all, the Dutch even burned London.

Fighting today.

There will be a fight tomorrow.

As soon as there was a war, the two sides issued privateering licenses to each other and sailed to the ports on one side of the strait, which was often affected.

Liverpool is much safer hiding in the northwest.

Much of London's shipping business moved westward.

London is out.

Secondly.

Beginning in the 18th century, the climate became warmer and Britain began to smelt iron, resulting in the destruction of a large number of forests.

Precipitation carries sediment, which seriously affects the navigation conditions of the Severn River.

The famous "Black Country" coal and iron area, Birmingham, is located between Liverpool and Bristol.

Birmingham iron smelting.

Birmingham chopped wood and smelted iron.

Birmingham had chopped the wood almost to pieces.

Without wood there will be soil erosion.

Soil erosion has led to the loss of navigation on the River Severn, making it inconvenient to go to Bristol.

Then, Britain learned to dig canals. After digging canals, it became much more convenient to go to Liverpool.

Bristol is out.

at last.

Next to Liverpool is Cheshire.

Cheshire has the largest rock salt mining area in the UK.

People have to eat salt.

For well-known reasons, the UK cannot dry salt.

It is said that Sichuan dogs bark loudly, but British dogs bark even more fiercely.

So you have to boil the salt.

Salt is very profitable.

So you have to transport salt.

Likewise, because the UK has a rainy climate, the North West is particularly humid.

Therefore, people in nearby Lancashire can roll cotton yarn - their technical level of spinning cotton is quite low, and they don't even know how to use starching to increase the strength of cotton yarn.

This is also one of the reasons why Lancashire's cotton textile industry was able to develop first. Other places also tried spinning cotton, but they found that the quality of the yarn was not good, and it was not as tough as Lancashire's.

The result is:

Because the eastern region faced the naval threat from the European continent, the siltation of the Severn River, canal excavation, Cheshire Rock, Birmingham Coal, Iron, Manchester's textile industry, and the slave trade, Liverpool developed like a balloon over the years.

In addition, there are Staffordshire ceramics and Wedgwood bone china.

In short, the pillars of Liverpool's development were cotton cloth, porcelain, slaves, tobacco from America, and sugar from West India.

Therefore, it is very clear why the riots occurred.

In a city of more than 80,000 people, all food, drink, and laxatives depended on trade in cotton, porcelain, slaves, and tobacco.

After Dashun entered the war, Britain could only defend the Straits and overseas trade was cut off. It would be unreasonable for Liverpool not to be in chaos.

If Dashun didn't join the war and France just blocked it, then it would be fine.

France's industrial production capacity is not qualified to engage in continental blockade.

But Dashun's participation in the war and Dashun's "war is for trade" strategy are not good.

In the simplest terms.

There are duty-free, genuine Jingdezhen porcelain.

Who buys Staffordshire bone china?

Any technology needs to be developed gradually and cannot be achieved overnight. At this moment, the bone china technology is just starting... I can only say that bone china from the 1760s is worthy of being called porcelain?