New Shun 1730

To build heavy industry, large infrastructure, dig canals, build railways, etc., you need money.

If gold and silver are money.

Then Dashun is not short of money as a whole.

But how can money go to heavy industry and infrastructure? This is a difficult problem.

Even if the problem of domestic land transactions is solved.

We also need to consider that when Dashun expanded abroad and took over colonies and markets, why didn't the money go to colonies? Why didn't it go to light industry? Or, why didn't it go abroad?

There have been many such cases in history.

The Dutch money went to Britain. The British money went to the southern states of North America. The French money went everywhere to lend money. When gold was discovered in the United States, European money went to North America again. When gold was mined in Australia and America, the East India Company was forced to abandon the gold and silver bimetallic standard and only allow the silver standard, and silver went to India again.

Capital pursues profit, this is its nature. Or in other words, this is the core of the invisible hand.

Let's take a simple example.

Suppose a certain area in India produces cotton, but inland, a canal is needed to transport the cotton to the port.

The Heilongjiang River in Dashun is actually a piece of top-notch virgin land. If it is cultivated, its value will be doubled.

So, let's assume a completely invisible hand.

Will Songsu's money go to India to build a canal? Or will it go to the Songliao watershed to build a railway?

Another example.

Liu Yu's previous policy of relocating people along the Yellow River required a large amount of funds.

And a large part of these funds can be explained by the name of the "bubble company". It is purely a "deception" of high returns to deceive a lot of principal. It's just that because there is gold on the west coast of North America, the bubble didn't explode in the end.

What if there is no gold?

What was the final outcome of John Law's Mississippi Company scam and the Tory Party's South Sea Company scam? And they were able to absorb so much funds, relying on the "great pioneering and adventurous spirit"? Or rely on the 18% super high rate of return promised by John Law?

Therefore, Li Li must have thought about this problem, and Liu Yu's Fusang immigration policy set a "good" example.

Therefore, the starting capital of the heavy industry that Li Li was thinking about had to rely on the "forced" "redemption fee".

To put it bluntly, it was actually started by "land rent".

It's nothing more than that this money, in theory, belongs to the landlord.

And now it's redemption.

The court collects this money on behalf of the landlord. After collecting it, it doesn't give the principal to the landlord, but gives 5% interest a year. It's up to you whether you want it or not, and the principal will be paid after 20 years.

But in fact, who paid this money?

The peasants.

In fact, this reform idea is similar to Alexander's serfdom reform, Stolypin's land reform, and even Napoleon III's idea of ​​eliminating poverty, Britain's enclosure movement, etc.

All of them are, through some means, to concentrate capital, to give it to some people or some groups, so that these capitals can play an effective role in specific industries.

The difference is.

Russia's agriculture is really inferior, and the level of agricultural production is really poor. Alexander and Stolypin's method is to let landlords and rich peasants get money quickly, let them engage in agricultural production, and improve agriculture. How to let landlords get capital quickly? Serf redemption, serfs withdraw from the collective, sell land at a low price, and state loans.

The money from the redemption of serfs, capital is concentrated on landlords and rich peasants, and agriculture is developed, and capital flows to agriculture.

On the Dashun side, agriculture is really strong, and the level of agricultural production is really not bad - at least, it is really unparalleled now - so Li Li does not want the money to go to agriculture.

Instead, let the money from the redemption of tenants be concentrated on a special existence, and go to infrastructure and industry.

In short, industrial development requires capital.

Whether the industry is agriculture, cotton, wool, minerals, smelting, or infrastructure, it can be generally called an industry.

So, you want to grow cotton. If you want to develop the cotton industry, you have to let the capital run to the hands of agricultural capitalists.

If you want to open a mine, then you have to find a way to let the capital run to the hands of the mine owner.

In short, you have to come up with a policy to concentrate capital and run it to a certain industry.

The capital here includes cash, money, gold, silver, and of course, means of production such as land.

For example, in the enclosure movement, it is actually not clear who the land belongs to. You say it belongs to the gentry and nobles? But in fact, farmers have something like "permanent tenancy rights"; there are also some public lands where everyone can cut grass, graze sheep and feed cattle. Why do you say it is yours? The enclosure movement is to determine the public land as private, throw away things like "permanent tenancy rights", and concentrate capital.

Only when capital is concentrated can it develop rapidly.

So, Li Li felt that to solve the problem of Dashun, we must focus on infrastructure and heavy industry.

Therefore, policies must be formulated to allow capital to concentrate on heavy industry.

Capital is not necessarily money, money is just a general equivalent. Farmers pay for land with grain, and grain can also be considered capital. After all, road builders and canal diggers also need to eat, right?

This does not mean that light industry and trade will not develop.

No.

Rather, Dashun has actually obtained colonies, overseas markets, and raw materials from Southeast Asia and India.

This can be done by the "invisible hand\

,"You don't have to worry about it at all. A lot of capital will definitely run to the textile industry, tea, shipping, Indian cotton enclosure and other directions spontaneously.

How to say it, just like before Dashun, if your goal is "land annexation". Then, you don't need to issue any policies at all, and the land will be "spontaneously" annexed.

On the contrary, if you want to "suppress annexation", you need to issue policies.

In short, light industry, trade, and commercial robbery, these things, under the existing conditions, do not need policy support, capital will run there.

And heavy industry, infrastructure, canals, mining, smelting, machinery and other things require large investments, slow results, long cycles, and low returns. This is why we need to find ways to make capital run to these things.

Policies also depend on the actual situation.

For example, if you want capital to run to heavy industry, you can also learn from Liu Yu's policy of the Yellow River channel - promising an annual interest return of more than 10% and government endorsement.

You see, Liu Yu's bubble company quickly got a lot of silver.

The problem is that if you promote an annual interest rate of more than 10%, government endorsement, etc., it is OK to dig for gold, and if there is real gold, of course you can promote it.

Liu Yu dared to learn from John Law and the South Sea Company, but the bubble did not burst in the end, not because he understood finance better than John Law or was a fraud, or because Liu Yu had superb means.

It was because there really was a big gold mine on the west coast of North America.

It's that simple.

But if you promote heavy industry, dig canals, build railways, etc., and promote an annual interest rate of more than 10%, won't it definitely burst?

Because you can't give such a high rate of return at all. If you attract the principal this year, what will you do next year? What will you do the year after?

Then you have to find a way, by force.

And this is very interesting.

Lao Ma said: The Son of Heaven, the Emperor, the father of all people, always wants to play the role of benefactor and patriarch of all classes. Regardless of landlords, small farmers, businessmen, or scholars, it seems that the Son of Heaven and the Emperor should "treat everyone equally." They are all "sons", the emperor and the son of heaven are both fathers, so theoretically they should be treated equally.

However, [but if he does not take something from one class, he cannot give something to another class].

So, the problem is not that Li Xi is thinking about developing heavy industry.

The key to the problem is that Li Xi actually wants to get meat from the [landlords], instead of thinking about getting meat from the merchants and capitalists in the developed areas.

This is very, very interesting.

First of all, it is the problem of buttocks.

Old Ma satirized the emperor and the son of heaven, saying that even if they say they want to be the head of everyone, they are still class-based in reality. If you don't take something from one class, how can you give it to another class?

Therefore, Wen Yanbo's buttocks are sitting very straight: rule the world with the literati, not with the people.

When it comes to Qian Xiaosi, there is no mention of the disgusting distinction between Manchus and Han people, and he says that scholars, farmers, merchants and businessmen are all my people. When someone really writes a letter to limit the land, he can only say to discuss it again. Obviously, he also knew where he should sit.

When Li Xi was thinking about "where the money comes from", he subconsciously thought about getting it from the landlords.

Although the money was essentially paid by the peasants, it affected the interests of the landlords and gentry.

This is one point.

The second point is even more interesting.

In history, there is such a story that is not sure whether it is true or false.

It is said that after being captured, the loyal and patriotic Hong Chengchou cried out that he wanted to be Wen Tianxiang. After that, Huang Taiji asked Fan Wencheng to take a look. Fan Wencheng said a few words and found that the dust from the beam fell on Hong Chengchou's clothes. Hong Chengchou hurriedly dusted off the dust. Fan Wencheng went back and said, this bastard must not want to die. If he really wanted to die, he would wipe the dust off his clothes quickly? Sure enough, he shaved his head and surrendered soon.

If Li Xi was there, the answer just now actually implied something.

Liu Yu certainly couldn't ask Li Xi if he had ambitions, and Li Xi certainly couldn't say whether he had ambitions.

However, when asked about his views on the future, Li Xi blurted out that he would cut meat from the landlords.

Well, if you think about it carefully, it is very interesting.

Landlords and gentry have real estate and land, and are the absolute beneficiaries of the previous system.

So, they support stability.

Conservatives in the absolute sense. It is not the same conservative meaning as the conservative and radical divisions in the practical school.

They will definitely support the normal succession of the prince.

If Li Xi wants to do something, they will definitely not support it: the prince has great righteousness, reputation, and also means stability. Why should they support a person who lacks great righteousness, reputation, and may even have too radical policies?

In other words.

If Li Xi wants to do something, who should he rely on?

Landlords and gentry are definitely unreliable.

No matter what, they are unreliable. Can the policies you give satisfy the landlords more than those given by the prince? Obviously not. The prince is a conservative of the imperial system of landlords and gentry. They support order and stability.

Stable order is everything.

The royal family does not care about hierarchy, hierarchy, or rules. Once this order is destroyed, what should we do if the lowly peasants play "turning the world upside down" with you?

So, even if the policy towards landlords does not change much.

For the sake of "rules" themselves, the absolute beneficiaries of the rules, that is, the landlords and gentry, will not support such behavior that destroys "rules themselves".

The existing "rules" themselves also have very important significance.

In other words, if Li Xi has ambitions, can we think like this:

Anyway, the landlords and gentry will not like me. So there is no difference between spitting on their faces and slapping them.

Then if I can cut some meat from them and give it to others, will others still remember my kindness and support me?

Or so.

No matter whether Li Xi has ambitions or not.

But his own conditions are here, thinking about slapping the landlords and taking advantage of the landlords, this is the basis for assuming that he has ambitions.

On the other hand, if he doesn't even dare to think about this, then it can be proved that he has no ambitions.

And now, of course, if he thinks so, he may not have ambitions.

But at least.

It is not necessary.