New Shun 1730

Liu Yu said that Li Xi still didn't believe that the future belonged to industry and commerce. It seemed that he was talking about the future, but in fact he was secretly reminding Li Xi: the emerging class has become a force that can be used. If you really want to do something in the future, you have to get the support of chaebols, financiers, and capitalists.

As for the industrial bonds that give priority to buying land, to put it bluntly, it is to sell high-quality state-owned land with potential for appreciation at a low price to raise funds to complete the infrastructure and heavy industry foundation.

By the way, solve the "land redemption" in North China and force the landlords to transform.

According to this routine, the landlords who are forced to transform, what they hold in their hands is not so much railway stocks as forced savings industrial bonds.

At that time, the landlords will have only two choices.

Either, collect some interest every year, wait for the railway to be built in the future, migrate to the Songhua River to buy land for reclamation and management, sell soybeans, and integrate into the trade system.

Or, sell the treasury bonds at a low price, whoever has the money can sell them, and take the cash, but it is impossible to get cash from the court - if you want to get cash from the court, you can only redeem it after it expires.

In order to prevent industrial and commercial capital from flowing back to the land in North China, some restrictions on land transactions must be added.

In short, it is to rely on the inertia of "reputation" and "follow me to get rich" accumulated by the court over the years to raise money. Use the "wasteland at this time" north of the Songliao watershed as the return of investment.

In fact, it is still a high rate of return. On the one hand, there are fixed dividends, and on the other hand, there is future land. The rate of return is definitely not low, but it is a relatively long cycle.

As for the economy, jokingly speaking, sometimes it is overdrawing the future.

Overdrawing the future, betting on technological innovation and new outbreak points.

Just like Liu Yu said to Li Li not to be indecisive at this time, it is equivalent to selling the land near the railway that can be cultivated and planted with cash crops such as soybeans at a low price in the future, which is overdrawing the future.

If we really want to talk about this, it is not much different from Yuan Shizhen's salt reform at the end of the Wanli period of the previous dynasty. Both of them overdraw the potential of the future, get the money out first, and solve the current problems.

Liu Yu is of course confident in the future, and he does not oppose this practice of overdrawing the future.

After all, he is not considering the "future" from the perspective of the Li Dynasty.

Na San knows that land is not a big deal. If you are desperate, you will have a revolution, and the land will be divided after the revolution. However, large industries, infrastructure, railways, etc., can't be dismantled after they are built. You can't carry a railroad track home by yourself, right?

Dashun will die in the future, and the land will still be there. It's just a question of who the land belongs to. Railways, infrastructure, canals, and the new Yellow River channel to be completed in the future. It's not that there will be another anti-human in the future who will dig up the Yellow River.

Is it overdrawing the future?

It can be considered as such. The land that may be worth 300 million taels in the future can only be sold for tens of millions of taels to raise money for road construction now.

In other words, the most conservative military force of the Dashun Dynasty, the possible frontier good family sons, the blood tax self-cultivating farmers, and the sharp knife that will be suppressed in the future, the land is occupied by the bourgeoisie, then there will definitely be fewer such blood tax self-cultivating farmers.

But what is overdrawn is the future of the Dashun court, even the future of the new Dashun court after Li Xi does something in the future.

For the abstract nation, future, overall, future country, etc., it is the improvement of productivity and a huge legacy.

Because like Liu Yu, if you don’t look at this matter from the perspective of the Li Dynasty, it is not an overdraft of the future.

On the contrary, it will bring about 200 million mu of commercial grain farm-based arable land and related land concept water conservancy construction in the future; it will bring at least millions of people who will quickly migrate to the north of the Songliao watershed, which can solidify the border and alleviate the pain of small farmers in the transformation of North China; it will leave a basically formed railway network outside the pass; it will leave a Nanyang sugar cane economy that is more closely tied to the Dashun economy; it will leave iron smelting plants and coal mines that increase production for railway construction.

And it will bring millions of agricultural workers, railway workers, coal miners, etc.

However, looking at this from another perspective, it is actually clearer.

Simply put, it is the distribution of benefits of "external expansion and colonial plunder".

Quickly cash in, the court takes a small share.

Selling land, capital takes the big share.

The Dashun court took a small share of the benefits of external expansion to build roads, infrastructure, etc. As a result, the land in some places that were originally worthless became valuable, creating the conditions required for the capitalist production model. Basically, it can also be understood that building this road is to facilitate capital to make profits.

Let the bourgeoisie take the big share of external expansion, frontier wars and colonial plunder.

If you look at it this way, it is very clear.

At least within this system, who is the real ruling class, who does the state machine serve, and the bourgeoisie believes that it is still unable to rule and temporarily hands over the ruling power to the new generation born from the old aristocracy, and they temporarily rule on behalf of it.

What is the significance from this perspective?

Obviously, it is very significant.

If Li Xi could understand this and the analysis of class interests, he would know how to do things, whose power to rely on, how to reward after success, and for whom to formulate the subsequent policies.

Land was originally the greatest achievement of the expansion in the tail period of the Age of Discovery. It is also the easiest to cash in.

Li Xi said something very right: as long as the means of transportation are changed, many lands that were originally worthless can appreciate rapidly. For example, the land in North America, the land in Australia, and of course the land along the Songhua River and the Heilongjiang River.

Liu Yu's meaning is also very clear.

You can use the guise of helping small farmers out of difficulties, increasing the per capita land area, and immigration to resolve the contradiction between people and land. Even if you use the guise of something like "On the Elimination of Poverty", it doesn't matter.

The key is that you have to be clear.

A guise is a guise.

A corpse is a corpse.

Li Zicheng is Li Zicheng.

You are you.

You can use such a guise, but you have to understand that under the guise, you are serving the bourgeoisie to make better profits.

Lao Ma said: [Fraudulent transfer of state-owned land, theft of common land, etc., and converting it into modern private property are all methods of primitive accumulation. These methods give capitalist agriculture a field of activity, allowing land to merge with capital...】

This model is manifested in the enclosure movement in the UK and in the large-scale land sales and land gift system in North America.

The difference is that enclosure is because there are people on the land; while the North American model is because... the people on the land were killed.

Here, the approach taken by Dashun is similar to the latter, and it tries to avoid mergers in the core area.

To be more precise, Liu Yu is warning Li Li not to try to use the "youth version of land thinking" to solve problems in those uninhabited frontier areas.

Since it is said that private ownership is recognized and land transactions are recognized, then small-scale land ownership will eventually become mergers, that is, what Illich called the "American model" - state-owned land, homestead law, small farmers, polarization between the rich and the poor, mergers, and ultimately capitalist agricultural farms.

As for the situation north of the Songliao watershed of Dashun, it is better not to take off your pants and fart and go through this process. Directly engage in large-scale land ownership. Including fraudulent transfer of state-owned land, selling state-owned land at a low price, gifting land, priority purchase and any other possible means.

Learn from history.

In the early days of North America, there was indeed a land speculation trend. That was purely because Hamilton was out of the productivity and transportation level at the time, took one more step, and was a joke. After the railway was built, land management became profitable, and finally the merger and large farms were completed.

But Dashun was exactly different.

Once the railway was built, if the soybeans north of Songliao could be transported out, then the plantation model of the southern states could be fully applied here, relying on the market and operating the land.

It was indeed as Liu Yu said.

Capital is willing to pay for infrastructure in some places in Dashun. Because capital is "one-to-one".

For example, the canal from Wuyi Mountain to Minjiang River, capital paid for the construction of the canal, and the capital collected the toll of the canal, which was profitable, and profitable in the long run - as long as the export of tea to foreign countries was still controlled by Dashun, as long as the Europeans did not steal the tea seedlings, no matter how Dashun's policies changed in the future, whether it continued to export from Songsu, or traded with Guangdong, or directly traded with Fuzhou, then the canal from Wuyi Mountain to Minjiang River would be profitable.

This includes the railway built from Jiaozhou to Jinan Prefecture.

This is "one-to-one", capital only looks at the benefits of the single thing it invests in, and it is impossible to coordinate the overall situation.

For example, from Beijing, or Lushun, through Shenyang, across the 600-mile Songliao watershed to the Songhua River and Heilongjiang River.

If you only look at the railway, the benefits and returns in the short term are basically invisible.

So.

Either the court invested in the construction and looked at the problem from a global perspective. This includes the traditional global perspective: strengthening the border, relocating people, and solving the contradiction between people and land in North China.

Otherwise, corresponding policies must be introduced to abstract the railway itself and put the profits elsewhere, so that capital is willing to pay for it.

The difference here is huge for the rulers.

Simply put, the first one is that the court pays for the construction.

For example, the "three taxes" model is adopted, and Chongzhen is learned to [temporarily burden our people for several years].

As a result, the people are not satisfied with the construction. The landlords go to other places to farm and do not remember the benefits of the court. The bourgeoisie may also be scolded in their hearts for "donations".

After that, immigration, farming, garrisoning, and border control, etc., and people are unwilling to migrate, and they will be scolded again.

However, if it is changed to the model mentioned by Liu Yu, it will be very different.

The bourgeoisie happily obtained the land and primitive accumulation, and will return the "principal and interest" in the future. After that, they can also make profits by depriving the surplus value of those agricultural workers.

The small farmers felt that it would not hurt themselves, they had not been taxed, and if their families could not make ends meet, they could go there to work and grow beans, and maybe even get a share of land around the farm.

And there was no shortage of labor: the landlords annexed, loaned money, or went bankrupt, causing them to lose their land. They "voluntarily and proactively" climbed onto the fourth-class carriage heading to the Songhua River to grow beans for others, which was at least not caused by the rulers' tax collection.

And if it was Li Xi who did it, wouldn't the bourgeoisie have to set up a tablet for Li Xi?

So, the matter is the same.

Road construction.

Land, and eventually developed, as long as there was no revolution, it would definitely be the same outcome: final annexation.

However, the process was completely different.

The former was all infamy.

The latter at least has the bourgeoisie to burn incense and set up a longevity tablet, thinking that this is a "good emperor" of the bourgeoisie who can be relied on. That is to say, what Lao Ma said, to the most distorted degree, only the emperor can maintain capitalism, only the thief can protect private property, and only the morally low can be the pope.

So, this is the real meaning of Liu Yu's statement that Li Xi still did not put the future on industry and commerce: you need to change a class to help your ambitions, think about problems in the context of the industrial and commercial era, and know how to pull the bourgeoisie.

Na San, who pretended to be the emperor of small farmers, really relied on financiers and the bourgeoisie behind him, and what he finally accomplished was the rapid development of industry.

Li Xi is the same.

It's okay to wear an eye patch. It's okay to wear a felt hat.

But don't really think of yourself as Li Zicheng, because you can't be one. You have to know that you are just an ambitious person in the tide of the times, not a hero who wants to save the people from water and fire and solve the world's upside down.

So you have to wear a blindfold to win over the financiers and big bourgeoisie in Songsu, as well as the "excess" literate population of the practical school who actually think they should be the best.

Because what these people are afraid of is the real Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong.

And now there is a fusion of the practical radicals and the Confucian retro school.

If you wear a blindfold, others can't wear it. This will make them feel safe, ease the contradictions, suppress the situation, and prevent the emergence of real Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong.

In short, you can force redemption and you go to harm the landlords. In this way, the emerging bourgeoisie will be safe for the time being. If the lower class wants something and does not get it from the landlords, then the lower class will take it from the landlords and the bourgeoisie. At that time, how can you tell whether it is the landlord or the bourgeoisie? It is better to take the initiative to harm the landlords. Anyway, the landlords in North China are not strong, and the power of the emerging class in the first-developed areas is already strong enough to suppress it.

Give small benefits to small farmers to ease the contradictions.

Give the bourgeoisie great benefits so that they will believe that you are the "savior of private property."

Since you have the ambition to be the emperor, the benefactor of all people, and the father of the common people, then you have to know what you have to take from which class to give to another class. Taking from the landlords in the developed areas and giving to the small farmers is the safest and least risky.

Of course, Liu Yu has already helped you with external expansion, frontier wars, and colonial plunder. And this step has not been carried out to the extent of mobilizing the whole of France after the French Revolution.

Lao Ma said: [Napoleon used the new market he opened up with bayonets and the plunder of the continent to repay the principal and interest together...]

During the Napoleon and French Revolution era, it was almost a total mobilization of France, so the objects of repayment with interest were the entire French population, especially a large number of farmers.

However, the new market opened up by Dashun with bayonets, the plunder of overseas, the colonial occupation, etc., did not and could not mobilize the power of the entire Dashun 300 million people.

Of course, taxes are levied nationwide. The ships built must include taxes paid by Shaanxi, Gansu and other places, but the benefits can be ignored and not given to them. The defense and stability of the northwest frontier are the basis for going to Southeast Asia and fighting a war, but they can also be ignored.

Therefore, you can directly give the benefits here to some people.

That is to say.

Within the original scope, especially the first-developed areas, or Shandong and the capital. If you want to be the emperor, you have to take something from one class and give it to another class. Here, it is best to choose to cut the meat of the landlords and give it to the small farmers to gain support and stability, and at the same time let the bourgeoisie see that you have the ability to stabilize the situation.

In the non-original scope, that is, outside the core area of ​​Dashun's rule thirty years ago, such as the north of Songliao, Southeast Asia, Fuso and other places, Liu Yu has already opened up new markets and started plundering with bayonets, so these benefits do not need to cut the internal meat. You don't have to cut the flesh of a class to the bourgeoisie, the new nobles with military merits, the ministers who followed the emperor, and the scholars who still have the mentality of scholars and self-deprecating as not scholars. At least, you don't have to cut the flesh of a class to them.

This is what Liu Yu said, not afraid of Dashun's tossing, but afraid that Dashun will not toss.

But if you want to toss, don't toss meaninglessly.

Anyway, the purpose of tossing is to die early and reincarnate early. It's good to leave more inheritance before dying.

Liu Yu didn't put all the treasures on Li Li, but just said that things have come to this point, and the emerging class will sooner or later think about things and will always find an agent. There are many directions to toss, but if you toss in this direction, it's best to find someone who can toss and understand it.

If this direction fails, there will naturally be other directions. In other words, if this class fails, people from another class will stand up to find a way. The emerging class is a "twin", not just the bourgeoisie.

This is the true meaning of the word "industry and commerce" that Liu Yu reminded Li Xi of.

The old ways are outdated.

You have to change your mindset and ride the wave of the new era. What era is it now? Are you still playing the traditional Jingnan Qingjun side Xuanwumen?

This time, we have to bring in the new class to play. We can't just keep the old ways. It's just that the people in the Prince of Yan's Mansion have replaced the people in Nanjing City, but the people who pay the rent are still the same, just with different people paying.

However, it is impossible for Li Han to say whether he is ambitious at this time, and this thing has to wait for an opportunity. Planning in advance is useful, but you can't just do it before you get the chance. There is only one chance to do these things in Dashun. It is impossible to instigate a mutiny in a tavern or a military camp, only to end up serving two years in prison and then being released, with a chance to make a comeback. Dashun is not like this, and there is no need to remind him of this. Li Ye knows better than Liu Yu.

But even so, when Liu Yu explained the idea of ​​​​binding industrial bonds with agricultural land, Li Hao came to his senses.

Thinking back to Liu Yu's many previous policies, there were some things that Li Huo didn't understand clearly before, but he felt vaguely enlightened.

"Hearing the official words is like clearing the clouds and seeing the sun, and enlightenment comes suddenly!"

"If that's the case, it really kills two birds with one stone. Capital refuses to build roads, but it will cultivate and buy land. So why not build roads and buy land in conjunction with it?"

"North of the Songliao watershed are large plains, suitable for growing beans, and the land is fertile. In total, there are no less than two to three million hectares. If one-fifth of it is used as bait, the funds for road construction can be easily obtained."

Afterwards, Li Han suddenly said: "Now that I think about it, isn't this the Duke's monopoly on trade with Japan and a way to bind military obligations?"

"It was just that at that time, Japanese gold and silver were directly used as bait, and the monopoly power was used as trust, and they were bound to train sailors, build large ships, and raise trainee officers."

"At this time, the imperial court already has a good reputation. It can be like the Fuso gold mine. It draws the cake first and then cashes in. This railway bond has priority in purchasing land. Isn't it just a change of the original government's monopoly on Japan's trade that bound naval obligations?"

Liu Yu smiled and said: "Grandpa Yue once said: The beauty of application lies in one mind. The art of war is like this, and so are these things."

"As the ancients said, Your Highness should be good at picking up the meaning and abandoning the form."

"For example, in the past, Duke Huan wanted to kill the honest merchants and benefit the peasants. Is Guan Zi justified in doing this?"

"Guanzi said: Millet is heavy but everything is light, millet is light but everything is heavy, the two are not balanced. Therefore, if you want to kill the honest merchants and benefit the farmers, please pay three hundred cents for the millet. If so, the fields will be opened up. The farmer persuaded him to do it. Then he ordered the officials and princes to hide a thousand bells, the officials to hide five hundred bells, the wealthy merchants to hide fifty bells, and they could be the national committee. Things that can benefit farmers..."

"The reason is that there are three links of production, circulation and consumption."

"If you want to promote production, you have to find ways to increase the price of production to make it profitable. And how to increase the price of production, you have to find ways to increase consumption."

"The system at that time was different from this time. So Guan Zi admonished Qi Huan and ordered the officials and other officials to collect grain for reserve purposes. He mobilized grain prices to increase and promote agricultural production."

"Actually, hasn't His Highness already gained a taste of it?"

"The idea of ​​destroying India's sugar industry, teaching Japan how to fertilize rice with soybeans, and Sulu's transformation to expand exports to Japan in exchange for Japanese rice, isn't it essentially about expanding the consumer market for soybeans?"

"The method in ancient times cannot be used by carving a boat and asking for a sword. Because there are no doctors, ministers, or princes at this time, and they are no longer the biggest consumers. But the idea is still the same."

"The same goes for the land issue."

"If you want capital to be willing to invest in land, in addition to selling the land, you must also give them a chance to make a profit. Otherwise, if they don't make a profit, they won't buy it, let alone many obligations. In the end, I'm afraid most of them will Choosing to divide the land into small plots and resell them to small farmers.”

"So, Your Highness may wish to think about the trade with Japan. The imperial court granted monopoly rights to merchants and imposed naval obligations on them. What are the prerequisites?"

Li Huan thought for a while, nodded and said: "The premise is that it was already very profitable to go to Japan before. So making money comes first, and then the court guarantees the monopoly, and they will be happy to accept naval obligations."

Liu Yu smiled again and said: "So, building roads depends on the land; the land depends on the price of beans; and the price of beans depends on the three directions mentioned by His Highness. The market will be created first, then the price of beans will rise, and then the road will be built to the north of Songliao. "

"If we want to control the Yellow River, we must first abolish canal transport; to abolish canal transport, we must first defeat the Japanese and go to Nanyang; to go to Nanyang, we must first level the northwest."

"Therefore, things should not be rushed or slowed down. You need to understand in your heart and at least have a rough plan, rather than just do it as you take it for granted. Do the things in front of you and do them well. Only then can the things in the back fall into place. "

"If you have the ability to take charge, it would be easy for the court to directly collect beans and raise prices. But if the court has the ability to collect beans and raise prices, then why worry about building roads without money? Therefore, this matter is not simple."

"Your Highness has three strategies to raise the price of beans and expand the market. Then, you might as well... write a book and make it known to the world. There is no harm in making this matter clear. India and Japan cannot resist, so it is useless to know. "