New Story of Lv Bu

When Yan Kuan returned to his tent, Chen Qun, the newly appointed Chief Sima, had been waiting in the tent for a long time. Seeing Yan Kuan's thoughtful look, Chen Qun couldn't help but ask. Yan Kuan was one to five to ten, telling him the peace. This time, the reason why Chen Qun was able to become a high-ranking official of two thousand stone by Qianshi's county magistrate is because of his effect on Uncle Yan Guo. According to the general rule of this dynasty, Chen Qun was Yan Dalang's for the rest of his life, so Yan Kuan did not conceal it.

Yan Kuan finally finished speaking, and Chen Qun's face immediately showed a happy expression. He pursed his clothes, bowed his head to Yan Kuan respectfully, and said loudly. "Congratulations Da Lang! Congratulations Da Lang! Listening to Da Sima's words, I am very satisfied with Da Lang's performance. If you do one more thing, Gao Sheng will be just around the corner." "Oh? Brother Chang Wen, which one is it? What's the matter?" Yan Kuan suppressed the surprise and asked him calmly. "Nothing, change the official system!" Chen Qun replied solemnly.

"Brother Changwen, I know this reform of the official system, and it is also what Da Sima wants to do and do it well. But how should I change it? I am at a loss!" Yan Kuan sighed long, a little melancholy. To say. "Da Lang, if this matter is broken, it is actually very simple. Why did Da Sima change it? Isn't it because Da Sima is not satisfied with the current official system? To satisfy Da Sima is to say!" Chen Qun said with a smile on his face. "Hey! That's true! Why is Da Sima dissatisfied? Brother Changwen, please tell me carefully!" Upon hearing this, Yan Kuan immediately condescended to ask for advice, and quickly ordered a drink, and talked with Chen Qun while eating. , Discuss this together.

"To talk about the reform of the official system, we have to talk about the pros and cons of the official system from ancient times to the present??????" Chen Qun talked freely.

Xia, Shang, and even the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the Shiqing Shilu system, that is, the ancestors were given a fief, and for generations, the father died and the son succeeded. At the time of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, it will be a world of great contending. The countries are striving for hegemony, like horse racing, and those who fall behind will be destroyed. Therefore, the visionary and ambitious monarch dreams of a rich country and a strong army. And to make the country strong, we must recruit talents for my use, and even promote some people of low status in an exceptional way. To recruit talents, you must raise them first, and after they have done meritorious service, you can follow up on their merits and give them corresponding lands and titles. In this way, the style of cultivating scholars and the system of nominating military merits became popular all over the world.

When Shang Yang of Qin State reformed, he had issued an order. "The clan does not have military merit theory, and it must not be a nationality. The Ming and inferior lords are ranked according to their ranks, and their courts are named according to their ranks. The clothes of their concubines are named according to their families. Those who have merits are honored, and those who have failed are rich and have nothing." In this way, if the people of Qin State want to obtain title and land, they only have two paths left, one is Litian and the other is battle.

Although Qin's armor was thin, he was very brave when fighting. He often didn't wear a pocket-chief, carried a head in one hand, and held a captive in the other. Seeing the amazing results, the Kanto countries followed suit. Since then, the system of military merit conferring has become popular all over the world, and finally formed the rank of twentieth-level military merit from Gongshi to Chehou.

In this dynasty, after Gaodi established the country, he once issued an edict to seek talents and asked the county to recommend "sage officials" who have the ability to govern the country. During the time of Emperor Hui and Hou Lv, he also ordered people to be "filial piety". At the time of Emperor Wen, he sent an edict to ask for "extremely admonishers who can extol virtuous and good founders", and set a "countermeasure" and "ranking" method. In this way, the official selection system of the dynasty was formed.

At the time of Emperor Wu, the inspection and examination system was already complete, and there were two major categories: Changke and Specialke. Changke is also called Suike. It is held once a year and has four titles: Xiaolian, Maocai (Xiu Cai), Chalian (Lian Li), and Guanglu. Among the four subjects, filial piety is the most important. Teke is not often held, and is mainly based on the emperor’s imperial visits. There are virtuous founders, outspoken advice, and virtuous literature.

The system of investigation and examination is the two methods of “inspection” and “examination”. “Inspection” is a top-down interview request, and “ju” is a bottom-up recommendation. According to Emperor Wu’s original intention, in this way, it not only fully took care of the "Xiangyi" and "Xianglu politics" of the dynasty, it also gave the lower-level scholars a way to advance, and more importantly, firmly grasped the hands of the central government. The right to recruit talents is really a good system.

Among the regular subjects, if classified according to the standard of the four subjects, the subjects that focus on "ethics" are filial piety, filial piety, Fangzheng, filial piety, and honesty; the subjects that focus on "grammar" are Ming and law subjects; those that focus on "talent" There are special subjects such as Youyi, Jujuju, Brave Knowing the Art of War, Ming Yin and Yang Disasters, and You Dao. However, in all the above subjects, "virtue" is the first, and "Confucianism" is the main scholarship.

Among the regular subjects of investigation and judging in this dynasty, the filial piety is particularly important. The establishment of filial piety began in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At this time, filial piety was a special subject, which was not taken seriously. Later, "filial piety" was designated as a regular subject of annual judging, which was valued and gradually became important. "Executive filial piety" then became the right path to officialdom.

Filial piety means "filial piety" means "filial piety" means filial piety to parents; "incorruptible" means honest and diligent government. There is an old saying that if you ask loyal ministers, you will come out of the door of filial sons, and that's what it means. The filial piety of this dynasty, in all likelihood, are the children of high-ranking officials and wealthy people who understand Confucianism. After Ju Xiaolian, he has a great future and a quick promotion. Officials from Xiaolian are considered to be the right path and clear stream, and they are highly valued.

In the beginning, the "filial piety" was based on the county. When the dynasty was in harmony with the emperor, Ding Hong and Liu Fang's suggestions were adopted and the unit was changed to population; the county's population was under one hundred thousand three years old (years) and one person was filial piety; One person is less than two hundred thousand two years old, one person is two hundred thousand years old; two people are four hundred thousand year old; up to 1.2 million six people. Peripheral counties shall be appropriately relaxed. Because of the increasing disputes, Zuo Xiong's suggestion was later adopted, and only those who were over 40 years old were allowed to do so. A population of 200,000 is Xiaolian, and it can be seen that Xiaolian is noble.

Xiaolian was a "prefecture governor", and Maocai was a "state governor", mostly incumbent officials. Those who are promoted as filial piety are generally officials in the dynasty, while those who are promoted as low-ranking officials are mostly low-level officials, and they are promoted according to their original positions. The actions of the low-ranking officials are limited to the officials who "fight for food" to six hundred stones, and those who recommend are the top officials of the low-ranking officials. Guanglu is actually the abbreviation of the "four elements of Guanglu", which refers to the four virtues of "simple, honest, submissive, and competent". The masters are the prime ministers and censors, and the persons who are elected are the officials of Guangluxun, which is a special appointment.

As for Teco, it is often connected with catastrophe. According to Dong Zhongshu's "Heaven and Human Induction", disasters occurred in heaven and earth, it means that the king is at fault, the people are not moral, and the administration is uneven. As usual, it is necessary to issue edicts to be issued to the world in order to "speak out." Among the special subjects, "the virtuous and upright and utterly admonish" is the most noble. The leader of the "Xianliang Fangzheng" is an official with more than 2,000 shi, and the emperor also attaches great importance to this. The emperor personally presides over the countermeasures and awards officials according to rank, and the high-ranking often grants Jiuqing.

Chen Qun came to the topic after roughly explaining the investigation system of the dynasty. "The investigation system in this dynasty consists of two methods:'chao' and'ju'.'chao' is a top-down interview and'ju' is a bottom-up recommendation. The scholars in official positions are the lower-level officials. The requirements are extremely strict, and they must be people with both ability and political integrity and high moral character."

"It now appears that this method of observing and judging has great drawbacks. First, the person who is being raised is not separated from the person being raised. Once being raised, the person being raised and the person being raised form a kind of In fact, the relationship of dependence. The “fourth generation and three men” of the Yuan family of Runan came into being. Secondly, there is no separation between “election” and “examination class”. The requirements for serving officials are also for those who have not entered the official position. Requirement. Third, there are no exams for incumbent officials, and officials who do well and badly are the same, so that the mediocre officials are rampant."

"After Guangwu Zhongxing, the inspection and examination system has been reformed. The implementation of the'grant examination for office', before the appointment of officials, there must be an examination of policy, scripture, and commentary (zhangzou style). Since then, the examination has become The key link in the inspection and judging system. The reason why Emperor Guangwu was like this was that he was keenly aware of the biggest shortcomings of the inspection and judging system. That is, human factors had too much influence on the inspection and judging system, and the family and the current officials monopolized it. Almost three-quarters of the quota, so that the talents among the common people were rejected. In the time of the first emperor, the eunuchs were rampant, arranging nepotism, wealth, and power, and powerful sectarians controlled inspections and exercises, and it was everywhere. Yes."

"Brother Changwen, I roughly understand, you make me think about it!" Yan Kuan put down the chopsticks in his hand, closed his eyes and started thinking. After a long while, he slowly opened his eyes. "This new official system is, first of all, there must be an examination for current officials, such as the "Examination Order" issued by Da Sima. Secondly, it is necessary to take an examination to brush down those who do not match their talents and rely on the door to be an official. In addition, you have to try out officials. If you are not competent, you have to leave immediately! The third thing is to give people who are born in the common people a way out to become officials! Finally, the power of selecting and delegating officials must be locked up Hold firmly in the hands of Da Sima and the court!"

Yan Kuan finally finished speaking. He picked up the drink and drank a full glass. Then put down the wine cup, supported the case with both hands, and looked at Chen Qun with anger. "Da Lang's remark, although it is not in the middle, it is not far away! In my opinion, Da Sima's eyes are like a torch, and he has clearly seen this Zhongguanqiaoer. The day he did not use the knife is because he is always in the chaos of war. It’s just a good time to take care of the affairs of the government."

Having said that, Chen Qun also put down his wine glass. "Da Lang, I really don't lie to you. I have been concerned about the shortcomings of this for a long time. Chen Qun has gained a little bit, and now he has said it out, discussing the pros and cons of it with Da Lang, comforting the heart of Da Sima and the court, and dismissing all the officials and the people. Hope. As for whether the words in it are pertinent or not, then it is not in my consideration. Wang Dalang carefully considers it!"