[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

The ancestors often said that there must be a brave man under a heavy reward, and this is indeed the case.

After Emperor Hongwu took out a bait called Liberation from Craftsmanship, the entire medical craftsman community in Ming Dynasty trembled.

The news is centered on Yingtian, and radiates across the country from north to south, from east to west, those who think they have good medical skills are gearing up, and those who feel that they are not ready write letters immediately to find their father and grandpa. Everyone has only one purpose - to break away from the craftsman.

How exaggerated is this trend?

Later, the doctors who had this experience and also aimed for this goal left such a sentence in their medical practice notes-"The doctors in the world who work hard for a long time will finally understand it!"

Some people may ask, is it that exaggerated?

People who think like this must not understand what household registration management means to people today.

Household registration management has existed in all dynasties, but it reached its peak in the Yuan Dynasty. Most of the officials in the Yuan Dynasty did not care about their affairs. The emperors changed one after another. Nine out of ten officials only had greed in their minds, but this dynasty survived For nearly a hundred years, it is because of the management system it adopts.

It is precisely because they included all craftsmen who mainly promoted social progress into the ranks of compulsory service that ensured that the technology tree of most of the Yuan Dynasty was still lit up, and the reserve military supplies were still sufficient even when a large number of officers were greedy. But at the same time, because of the solidification of native place, the people are content with the status quo and lose their enterprising spirit.

What is the value of fighting in such a life?Dragon begets dragon, phoenix begets phoenix, since I am a mouse, I can only learn to make holes.

The society has suddenly returned to the era before the imperial examinations to select talents, the class was solidified and the people were rigid and lifeless.

It may also be that you have gone back to the era when you didn't shout "the princes and generals are better than each other". You can get everything by blood. Born Noble" blood, as for hard work?Effort is the most useless thing, as long as you live in peace.

This is an age that is dead from birth, neither rebellion nor obedience can bring about change, neither hard work nor laziness can succeed.

Human beings in this era are like walking dead with programmed procedures. From the moment of birth, they can know what it will be like when they die. Each of them is a prophet, because from their father and uncle, they can see their future. entire life trajectory.

And this is exactly what the Yuan court wanted. What could make those in power feel more secure than a lifeless society?

People in the Yuan Dynasty did this in order to manage a large population with the fewest people and suppress opposition voices at the same time, but the Ming Dynasty did not need this.

As the only emperor in history who was not born as a bureaucrat of the old dynasty, never received the favor of the old dynasty, and never used insidious political means to ascend to the supreme position, Emperor Hongwu naturally started with five stars.

Moreover, the previous dynasty hadn't left him the last emperor and his heir who couldn't be killed and were an eyesore, so the difficulty immediately dropped by another ten percentage points.

The only thing that troubled Emperor Hongwu was nothing special except the empty treasury, weak rich people, and neighbors who couldn't be killed like weeds.

Therefore, for the establishment of the household registration system, Emperor Hongwu really had no idea of ​​restraining the people and solidifying the class. He just took it for granted that a system that was used before was not good.

People who jump out of this world see the disadvantages of this system, but those who live in it see more advantages.

Everyone knows that the most profitable occupations in the world must be officials.

Corrupt officials have gained family wealth, honest officials have gained fame, and most importantly, both of them have connections, what connections?Naturally, it is the way to change the court.

It is difficult for people living in modern times to imagine how difficult this road is.

It takes at least three generations for a family to go from the most ordinary peasants to the city through the right time, place and people and uninterrupted efforts.

The first generation worked hard to cultivate land, endured hardships and stood hard work, and used their own life as fuel to support a home that could provide food and clothing. Only in this way could they support the second generation who had enough energy to develop industries other than agriculture.

With the accumulation of the previous two generations, the family's funds are a little better, and they will not be ruined by a natural or man-made disaster.There was a little surplus in the family property, so they were able to support a third generation who did not do production but only studied.

The third generation seems to be happy, and his task was separated from survival on the day of his birth. He doesn't need to face the loess and back to the world to work every day, and he doesn't need to beg someone to buy his own with a smiling face without dignity. Handmade products, all his responsibilities and obligations are to absorb and even plunder energy from his parents and grandparents, and read books wholeheartedly to walk to a better ladder.

If luck is good, once the third generation crosses the Longmen and becomes a phoenix flying out of the golden land, then the whole family can turn around in an instant, from not only a farming family in the whole Ming Dynasty to a farming and studying family, but since then they have been friends in the countryside. The front chin can be raised a bit.

If luck is ordinary, the third generation of mediocrity is not a material for studying, and finally only finds a job as a bookkeeper in the city, then the responsibility will be handed over to the fourth generation.

So it takes at least three generations to cross from one class to another, and of course this is the norm.

There is also a more special situation that can make people change their families in one step, that is, they have won a way out in troubled times.

The chief spokesperson among them is naturally Zhu Yuanzhang.

As for the difficulty of this road?Zhu Yuanzhang is the only one who has such a low starting point and such a high ending point in the 5000 years.

So what is the way to quickly achieve success and live a good life if you don't want to work so hard and count as luck?

— Speculation.

Businessmen have the greatest risks and the greatest benefits. The more troublesome thing is that money will turn bad. It is not the monopoly of men, but the majority of human beings. Therefore, although there are many benefits to doing business, the restrictions are also huge, and one of them is the low political status.

Although Emperor Hongwu pinched his nose and set the lowest commodity tax in history in order to promote the circulation of commodities, it did not mean that he liked merchants.

Whether it is repeatedly moving businessmen from various places as a tool to boost GDP, or having strict requirements on businessmen ranging from clothing and fabrics to housing specifications, you can see his attitude.

So what should I do if I don't want to be a farmer with a high status but a hard life, and I don't want to be a businessman who can live a good life but is always under the spotlight?

The only choice is the craftsman.

It is true that no craftsman can starve to death anywhere.

No matter there is a disaster or not, no matter how difficult the world is, there is always a need for craftsmen, and most of the time, knowing a skill is an extra way out.

At worst, even if they were dispatched to the border, at least they could get a job of carving arrows on the road, so that they would not have to do something that would kill them.Even if he was unlucky enough to be taken away by bandits, if he could cook good food, he might be able to find a job.

Moreover, because of the severe land annexation in the Yuan Dynasty, people who were liberated from the land had nowhere to go, so they could only join the craftsmen with the highest cost performance and the lowest barriers to entry.

But the so-called minimum entry threshold does not include medical craftsmen.

The profession of craftsmen is extremely difficult. Generally speaking, it is more hands-on than brain. After a lot of hard work, even with only muscle memory, you can do it well. But can the profession of a doctor be learned by practice?

If possible, there would be no medicine among the three modern bald majors.

To practice medicine, the first thing you need is a smart brain, a good memory, and a sense of responsibility.None of these three can be acquired by training.

Then you can think about it, how painful it would be to be born into a family of medical craftsmen with mediocre qualifications, and it would take three to five times as long as others to memorize a medical record and recognize a medicinal material.

If a modern child is at most going against his parents' expectations of him being a savior in the future, and changing his career to another career, it can be solved as a small family problem. In Daming, this is a serious political issue that will be beaten or even lost. Wrong, if one is bad, the whole family will be implicated together.

Since you can't change your career, you can only stiffen your neck, but it is a difficult threshold to be a medical craftsman without the ability to cure people. For the sake of their own reputation and the lives of their children and grandchildren, many medical craftsmen can only choose another One way - find an apprentice.

As a result, the medical and craftsmen took a completely different career path from other craftsmen.

Adopting a gifted child who is not related by blood as an adopted son or adoptive son, teaching him how to be a doctor, and letting him take the place of his parents and children as the mainstay of the family after he grows up has become the mainstream in finding heirs. Just be a drug catcher or a manager, don't harm others.

At first glance, the problem is solved, but the symptoms are not cured. Such operations will only make the doctor's household registration more bloated, and not every doctor can find a satisfactory heir. In later generations, there was a medical The case of the craftsman suing his peers to the government yamen because of his apprenticeship shows the prosperity of introversion in this industry.

Therefore, although all walks of life are troubled by the profession of craftsmen, most of them are because of the need to serve in corvee. Only medical craftsmen are troubled by inheritance.

Therefore, after the news that Emperor Hongwu offered rewards to famous doctors was announced, it was not those famous doctors who were first excited, but the many heirs who had no talent but had to endorse.After confirming that this is not a joke, those who may be mediocre in medicine, but extremely talented in other industries immediately exploded with unprecedented enthusiasm. They recruited friends and seniors, and they were announced. The queen's pulse diagnosis record was brainstorming and heated debate.

Of course, even if there is no huge carrot hanging in front of the doctor, because of Empress Ma's extremely good reputation, there are many folk doctors who want to cure her, but it will never be the current situation.

But in four or five days, Yingtian Mansion became a sea of ​​doctors, old, middle-aged and young people in blue shirts, with occupational diseases in their eyes, could be seen everywhere in the streets and alleys.

These days, even the somewhat arrogant street patrol officers in the past have not consciously shrunk. After all, no one is very willing to go through a consultation from "Jun Youji" to a doctor's consultation on the street, and then to give you Prescribing medicine is a generalized situation in which one's privacy is stripped out in debates and discussions.

Before this time, they really didn't know that a doctor could know whether a patient's married life is harmonious recently by looking at his pulse and whether he has been beaten by a Hedong lion!

Thinking about it this way, the doctors who used to love to prescribe bitter medicine that I couldn't get used to before were really kind, the doctors are kind, the doctors are kind.

Ordinary healer: No, we are not, this kind of skill is only possessed by big bosses, we really don’t know how to do it!

Numerous doctors gathered in Yingtian Mansion, besides the public security issue and the heart capacity of the people, it inevitably brought another problem - who will heal the queen?

The queen is weak, and after all she is getting old, and all the sufferings she suffered in her youth have become the sequelae of today. This is not like piercing a bronze man during an exam. If you don't hit the acupuncture point once, you can get two or three chances.

Although His Majesty's famous words would not be angry with the people because of the Queen's illness, everyone knows how pale these words are, not to mention that most of the time it is never those in power who embarrass one party, but more people who look at people's faces.

The Empress and His Majesty have a very strong relationship. If His Highness is serious, can His Majesty really hold back his anger?

To put it bluntly, this is a gamble, a gamble with future generations as bets.

It doesn't matter if there are a lot of people who focus on themselves, but future generations will inevitably hesitate. Fortunately, many people who came to Yingtian Mansion this time are experts in recuperation. With a few prescriptions, the empress's physical weakness gradually eased. It also gave everyone more time.

But when many doctors were discussing the medicine according to the pulse condition announced by the Tai Hospital, a group of people went against the current, uncovered the imperial list and presented their own prescriptions.

Amidst the noise, some people recognized that these people were a group of southern doctors who were born in the southwest.This group of people had little reputation in the past, and were even despised by many Central Plains doctors, but during this period of time, they gradually became famous with the help of a volume of "Pocket Prescriptions".

Different cultures have been bred in the north and the south because of the different climate and humanities. It’s like the sweet rice dumpling pie can’t understand why the salty rice dumpling pie can tolerate such greasy things, and the salty rice dumpling pie can’t understand why the sweet rice dumpling pie likes to eat such bland glutinous rice dumplings. Just like not dipping in sugar, there are also many misunderstandings and disputes between northern and southern doctors.

Disputes among doctors are inseparable from medication and cause of disease. Previously, southern doctors mainly focused on Miao medicine, and the medical skills of Miao medicine were mainly handed down from generation to generation. Those with an accent will inevitably have copy and out of shape scenes.

In addition, Miao medicine is close to nature, and there are more things in the disease names and treatment methods that seem to be gaudy to the Central Plains doctors, but they have not been recognized by the Central Plains doctors. There are language and cultural barriers between the two sides, and misunderstandings are naturally increasing. deep.

But because the editor-in-chief of "Pocket Prescriptions" is the fifth son of the emperor Zhu Wei who was influenced by the culture of the Central Plains, he naturally made certain corrections and modifications according to his personal aesthetics when compiling. Zhu Wei matched many diseases in the south with diseases in the north. It was only then that everyone discovered some of the experts in the treatment of southern medicine, and the atmosphere between the northern and southern doctors was unprecedentedly friendly.

But this kind of friendliness lasted until Nanyi revealed the list. Many old gentlemen couldn't help holding their hearts and panting when they saw this group of fledgling boys unveiling the list. Nanyi, who was taken away by the guards, was full of hesitation saying "Dear, should you think about it again, don't make a decision so hastily".

But in this regard, a group of southern doctors calmly expressed that they can't wait any longer. Healing a disease is like marching, and soldiers are extremely fast. I have never seen anyone who can turn a serious illness into a minor illness during delays. No matter what, you have to try.

After they asked for the pulse one after another, several southern doctors showed subtle expressions.

Ah this...

How should I put it, they really have a solution to the empress's illness, the only problem is...

"Well, Your Majesty," several medical craftsmen hesitated to look at Emperor Hongwu who was staring at the bull's-eye, and whispered behind Empress Ma's back, "The medicine I'm waiting for may be a little scary..."

The author has something to say: Emperor Hongwu stared: How scary can it be?

Southern doctors showed their big baby.

Emperor Hongwu: Damn it! !Why do your bugs look so disgusting? ? ?

Cough, Ming Dynasty’s northern and southern Chinese medicine is not the same as modern ones. The transportation and culture between the north and the south of the Ming Dynasty was not smooth, and there was a lack of Li Shizhen, so the names, methods of use, and effects of various medicinal materials are not interoperable. At this time The north and south of China are really geographical distinctions.

And special treatment for specific diseases. For example, if you have eczema in the south, it is a matter of a bottle of ointment. In the north, you have to spend a long time researching, testing, and discussing what the disease is (slightly exaggerated). Doctors are very experienced in seeing a doctor, such as The anorectal department in Sichuan and Chongqing is definitely better than the anorectal department in Fujian (no)

The difference between the north and the south of modern Chinese medicine is the difference in treatment methods, and there is basically no difference in medication. After all, everyone is backing the same bricks.

The household registration system in the Ming Dynasty was indeed very talented. Some people were born with this kind of tendon, but under the household registration system, even if you really have zero talent, you have to do it. You can’t fish if you do it. Because you have to serve, and your craft is so bad when you serve... Hmmm

So in the later stage, I paid money instead of serving. After all, everyone's craftsmanship is a bit bad.