[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

Today, Mu Bai is in a bad mood.

The cause of the incident is a long story, but to sum it up is——he was picked peaches.

Some people may wonder, there are still people in this world who dare to pick the crown prince's peaches?The answer is yes, and they are the ones he can't afford to offend and won't come back easily.

Yes, it was Mubai's uncles!

The uncle is not scary, but the scary thing is that there is still grandpa standing behind the uncle, who provokes the young and the old, and if the old can't come, he will let his father go, and the consequences will be very serious.Xiaobai didn't want to try it, but he couldn't swallow it if he didn't try it.

After all, after all, it was the "big peach" that he worked so hard to harvest from the seedlings, sprinkled water, fertilized and pruned, and spent a lot of time and energy to harvest!

The name of "Taozi" is "Taiping", which is a large ocean-going ship with three main sails and two auxiliary sails.

In today's era when one sail and two sails hold the sky, this ship with five sails uses the top shipbuilding technology today.Some people may think that five sails, including two small auxiliary sails, are really not many, but in fact, it is not impossible for Daming to hang more sails on the ship, but such a structure is the most scientific and cost-effective nowadays. .

The construction of a sail is not as simple as a piece of water-proof cloth. Today's masts are made of solid wood. To support a sail, you need an equipped mast, and this piece of wood alone weighs more than 300 kilograms. Not to mention the canvas that needs to be equipped, the cable embedded with the wire, the pulley that pulls the sail, and so on.

That is to say, in the current situation where no cargo is installed, the Taiping needs to bear more than one ton of load, and the ship itself, which uses wood as the main material, only has a load of [-] to [-] tons. The load for the goods is already very limited.

The hard conditions are here. In the past, except for warships, ordinary merchant ships would never give up their load for speed, and warships do not pursue load, so it is very difficult to find this balance.

In this regard, Da Ming has learned a lot of advanced experience from the West. Previously, most of Da Ming’s ships traveled along the coastline, and they could get supplies along the way, so the requirements for speed were not so high. On the contrary, it was the ships from the West. With limited space for food and fresh water, they need to travel as fast as possible across oceans without supplies, so ships are consciously built to find ways to speed them up.

Therefore, in terms of increasing ship speed, Western ships do have advanced points worth learning.However, it is a pity that most of the people who came to Daming from the west were boatmen and businessmen, and there were no professionals in shipbuilding. Therefore, even if the craftsmen of Daming were puzzled, they could only figure it out by themselves, and there was no one to communicate with. .

But this will surely change in the future. The imperial family of Daming has issued a recruitment order to search for craftsmen who are good at shipbuilding all over the world, and attract them to Daming with high remuneration and salary.

Because of the delay in the spread of news, the officials of the Ming Dynasty generously allocated an additional fee to the "headhunters"—no matter who they are, as long as they bring a shipbuilder with real skills to Daming, You can get a brocade cloth.

Regardless of the hunting rewards of individual craftsmen, it seems that the hunting rewards are not very high, but as long as these merchants are willing, it is not a problem at all to bring ten, twenty, or even more at a time.

Yes, Daming is poaching other people's corners openly and aboveboard.

Unkind?Alas, good birds choose trees to live in, water flows to low places, and people go to high places. This is a truth that everyone in China has known since ancient times.

Of course, while poaching the wall, Daming did not forget to cultivate his own talents.After the country's policy was tilted towards the sea, Daming built two shipyards, the north and the south. The northern one was located in Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong, and the southern one was located in Yingzhou, East China Sea.Both are deep-water harbors with natural land shelter to prevent windy weather from damaging unfinished ships.

In fact, from a geographical point of view, Fujian, Guangzhou and other places in the south are more suitable for building shipyards, but there are too many hurricane days in those places every year.

Moreover, there are many trees in the south. During the process of building roads, many trees in these places can be used as building materials. Building factories in those places can save a lot of transportation time and construction costs.

It's just that success is also geography, and failure is also geography, but there is a big problem that cannot be solved, hurricanes.It would be impossible to build a ship in the south until houses could be erected on the bay to withstand the hurricane.

But this does not affect the craftsmen from the south to go north. A few years ago, the Ming Dynasty made changes to the service law of the craftsmen. Craftsmen with surplus money can pay money and food to buy out labor, and these handed over funds are used by the court to hire and hire artisans next to it.

Yes, under today's new policy, craftsmen working for the country can not only offset their own labor, but also get wages, but because of the employment relationship, the master is naturally qualified to set strict deadlines and quality requirements for the craftsmen.

Different from the forced labor labor that was beaten and scolded by the supervisors before, the current Daming craftsmen serve completely voluntarily, and for their own reputation and abundant income, as well as for themselves to be hired next time, they can work hard. Work hard!

The stark difference between foreign labor and serious work quickly silenced those courtiers who opposed the reform. Not to mention the increase in the speed of various projects in the Ming Dynasty, the change in quality is also obvious. After the overall conversion, the court actually made money. .

And the craftsmen did not lose money. In addition to earning remuneration, they also gained an additional resume of doing XX for the royal family.As the No. [-] IP of Ming Dynasty, everything related to the Ming royal family is respected and pursued by the majority of the people.

Basically, as long as the craftsmen with the word "Royal" are marked, they don't have to worry about not being able to get jobs for at least three to five years.And when picking up jobs, the "royal" craftsmen will volunteer to add an endorsement - if they are recruited by the royal family again, all the work will be arranged first.

Employers certainly have no objections!Employers simply welcome this situation.

At that time, I will pretend to say during the chat at the banquet: My XX has not been done yet, because my craftsman was recruited by the royal family, what a dora wind!

Cough, in fact, there is another benefit to the craftsmen.

Nowadays, most of the craftsmen summoned are the best in all walks of life, but no matter what they do, there will be a lot of piecemeal work that does not require too much technical content. Serving craftsmen undertake.

These people can't even afford the cost of replacement service, so life is naturally quite difficult. Therefore, they have a stronger desire to learn than other apprentices.

He has the foundation, is willing to work, and is willing to learn. After coming and going, the masters have also taken a fancy to many juniors.Usually, after a period of work is over, there are always a few couples who become master-student relationships.

The master-apprentice relationship between craftsmen is very traditional. During the apprenticeship period, the apprentices rely on the master for food and clothing, and as remuneration, the apprentices have to work for the master for free for several years as remuneration.The number of years of part-time work varies from industry to industry. Generally speaking, the number of years of part-time work in industries with higher product value will be longer.

It’s not that masters are exploiting students. In this era, one can earn a living by learning a craft, and one’s children and grandchildren can also benefit from it, and may even seize the business of one’s master in the future. Therefore, the transfer of skills between craftsmen is equivalent to dividing half of one's own job.With such a great kindness, it is not too much for students to work part-time for a few years.

The government also strongly encourages such a relationship, and even intentionally match it up. On the one hand, it is to encourage the inheritance and retention of skills. The master also has to bear the expenses of the apprentices. Isn't it flattering that the government can use good craftsmen without paying their own money to hire them?

But in fact, the official still raised his hand and exempted the apprentice from the service requirement, which can be regarded as encouraging the healthy development of this relationship.

Under the model of bringing the old with the new, Daming also gradually cultivated a group of young shipmakers. It is conceivable that in the near future, there will inevitably be a battle of ideas between Chinese and Western craftsmen.

We are not afraid that they will fight, but we are afraid that they will not fight.

The more the truth is debated, the more clear it is, the old concepts can be replaced, and the development of technology is bound to be accompanied by controversy and elimination.

Before the arrival of Western shipbuilders, the craftsmen of Ming Dynasty handed over the "Taiping".After a lot of experiments, the craftsmen decided that the ratio of three large sails and two small sails is the most practical. The three large sails are subject to the firmness of the material and are fixed in the direction, while the two small sails are made of movable wheels.

In this way, when a ship is sailing on the ocean, the large sails can be used when the wind is down, and the five sails can also be opened if the speed is to be accelerated. The sail looks for the windward side.

As long as the angle is found well, even headwinds can borrow power.Although the ship must go sideways in that way, as long as the sailing speed can be greater than the speed of the ocean current on the ocean, don't stay in place.

At sea, you are not afraid of headwinds, but you are afraid of no wind.

If there is really no wind...

Then you can only rely on your feet.

The craftsmen of Daming made wooden wheels on the left, right and rear of the boat. The inspiration of this design may come from the waterwheel used for irrigation in the countryside. This kind of improved steamship can drive the tracks as long as it is stepped on, so that the boat Go slowly.But this is nothing, the most eye-catching thing is that a propeller is installed on the rear of the ship.

Don't underestimate this power facility that has been integrated into thousands of households in modern times. The screw pump in the vane state could not be invented until 200 years later.Although its principle is basically similar to that of windmills and waterwheels, from large to small, from square to arc, all of them have undergone thousands of experiments and comparative studies.

In particular, it is the first in the world to use it in the power of ships.

This was not pointed out by Mu Bai, it was entirely a flash of inspiration from the craftsmen in the workshop.

Previously, in order to create a ballistic trajectory in the barrel that would allow the bullet to shoot farther and with higher accuracy, Daming started the road of improving iron smelting.

But as we all know, the development of science and technology has basically reached the end of traditional industries in the Ming Dynasty.

All the technology that can be transformed has been transformed, and the upgrading of raw materials has been basically completed, leaving very little room for the development of the craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty.

As a result, the craftsmen of Ming Dynasty, like those modern people who are accustomed to quick and cheap industrial products and began to pursue "manufacturing by ancient methods", turned their attention to various technologies lost in the long river of history.

They felt that many of the methods that the ancestors thought of might actually be useful, but the raw materials or the heat were not enough, so they could not achieve the best results. Therefore, they decided to combine new materials and new technologies with ancient methods for smelting.

Just like modern businessmen also use "ancient methods" to fool consumers who are not deeply involved in the world, these craftsmen also use this method to fool stewards, so this seemingly unreliable project was really established Every time Mu Bai passed the workshop, he could see them smelting iron in different ways.

But just like modern people can no longer adapt to the heavy physical labor of ancient methods, the craftsmen of Daming actually can't stand the heavy physical exertion of traditional smelting methods.

Now, there is already a set of effective methods for removing impurities in iron ore, while the ancient method relies entirely on the oxidation and reduction of carbon to screen them out.

Although everyone is blacksmithing, the amount of labor is the same.

But the project has already started, and the higher-ups are still waiting for the results, so how can they give up halfway?What a shame!Therefore, this group of people with the strongest hands-on ability in the Ming Dynasty lived up to their reputation. Although their physical strength is not as good as that of the seniors, they have brainpower.

Don't you just need to beat it?I didn't say that a human hammer must be used. I modified the water mill used to crush the quartz stone, added some belts to drive it, and installed a large iron block. Isn't that a big hammer that doesn't need manpower?

The most labor-intensive work is taken over by machinery, and the remaining work of turning over the iron block and sprinkling some charcoal is sprinkling water.

But everyone soon discovered another problem. Although this operation can indeed save labor, there is only one water mill. For comparison, everyone's craftsmanship must be the same, and this method cannot be used only.

...What should I do then?

Do some more.

However, the width of the river is so large. In order to ensure the flow of water to drive the water mill, it is not possible to build more on the side, so we can only improve the water mill first.

Can it be reduced in size?Can you increase the water surface?Can it reduce consumption?

Therefore, before the transformation of iron products appeared, the transformation of the water mill was first added to the work list of the bosses. Everyone worked enthusiastically, and the improved water mill soon appeared on Mubai's table as a derivative product.

Know everything, and the improvement of the windmill will appear immediately.Among the craftsmen who studied iron smelting, some found the improvement of the windmill quite interesting, so they left the smelting team and continued to study in this direction.

Soon, someone discovered that the propeller would generate strong winds during use, so the fan, a derivative product of the windmill, was freshly released.

The principles of the fan and the windmill are exactly the same, but one is to convert the wind into force, while the fan is to convert the force into wind.The craftsmen have proved the reciprocity and convertibility of force with their own inventions, and the people of Ming Dynasty have another good weapon to relieve summer heat.

Then, another craftsman thought that by adjusting the angle of the board in the air, two different effects of windmills and fans could be produced, so what about in water?

Thus, the propeller was invented.

Of course, today's human-powered propellers have limited propulsion for ships, and it will have to wait for the steam engine to appear on the stage of history.

However, propellers did bring new ideas to craftsmen.

Compared with common paddle wheels, this kind of propeller is much smaller in weight, but the propulsion it can provide is far greater than that of paddle wheels of the same weight.

The small weight means that the power consumption is small, and the most important thing is that the force it provides is completely straight forward, which is particularly important in the sailing of the ship.

However, this technology has not been thoroughly studied, so the screw wheel on the Taiping is still a test product, and the main power of the Taiping is still based on the left and right paddle wheels.

According to the current progress, if you don't go astray, it is estimated that when the Taiping returns, the new ship will be equipped with a new power system!

The so-called wrong way is...researchers stop making whimsical attempts to change the sails on the ship into windmills, and then use the force of the windmills to push the propellers.

The first time he saw the weird shape of the experimental ship, Mu Bai almost dropped his jaw to the ground in shock. Although his footsteps at the end were a little pretentious, he still didn't say anything.

Science and technology and inventions are inseparable from imagination. Strangling the imagination of experimenters is equivalent to killing the chicken and taking the eggs. If the chickens are gone, where will the eggs be eaten in the future?

Uh, even if the subordinates are a little whimsical, a little crooked, and a little unscrupulous, Mu Xiaobai still has to hold his nose and tolerate them.

He has paid so much!

So many!

Who would have thought?After all kinds of patience, times of forgiveness, clutching his chest and approving funds, this big ship...but it doesn't belong to Mu Xiaobai.

Several of his uncles joined hands to petition his old father, requesting to board the ship together and go on missions to surrounding countries, to promote the prestige of Ming Dynasty and the prosperity of Ming Dynasty, and encourage everyone to come (cross out) to do business (cross out) , to meet the new emperor of Ming Dynasty.

Considering that the change of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty should be notified to the neighboring countries, Zhu Biao agreed to the request of his younger brothers, but he still typed back half of the memorials when considering candidates.

The vassal kings of Ming Dynasty all had to guard the border, so if they left so many at once, did they want to turn the border into a sieve?

Fortunately, Zhu Di, the king of Yan who was the first to submit a letter, was honorably selected even though he was one of the Nine Great Sailor Kings. At this moment, he was standing on the bow of the boat with his head held high and his chest held high.

And Mu Bai, who came to see him off and give blessings instead of the emperor, could only stand on the shore and read the stinky and long sacrificial oration.

My God, is there any justice in this world? !

He also wants to go to sea!As the crown prince, is there anyone more legitimate than him going to sea?

He built the ship, his people improved the technology, and he also pried the matter of going to sea, but he couldn't go out, what's the reason for it!

At this moment, Mu Xiaobai didn't think about the prince's danger theory that he had complained about at all, and his mind and eyes were all about setting sail.

Damn it, this civilization is called Polang, but as the protagonist, he has never been out to sea!

The more he thought about it, the more angry he became, the more he thought about it, the more angry he was, looking at the happy and excited relatives on the board, a sneer appeared on the corner of his mouth, and he threw the used jug containing the wine for offering sacrifices to the boat with his backhand head.

The porcelain jug crossed a long parabola, passed over everyone's heads as if it had eyes, and then shattered when it touched the bow covered with refined iron.

The clear wine was sprinkled on the lion head on the bow of the ship, and the scene was suddenly silent, except for the strong wind on the seashore that rolled the Mingzi flag on the ship and fluttered.

The uncles and nephews on the drum who were waiting for the order to set sail were also stunned. They put away the smiles on their faces and looked at His Highness the Crown Prince in bright yellow court clothes sullenly, not knowing what the other party was going to do.

In Chinese culture, throwing a cup is not good news. What is the big nephew talking about?

His Royal Highness the Crown Prince stood with his arms folded, very calm, and said loudly in the eyes of everyone: "I will see you off with a glass of sake, and I hope that this wine bottle will protect you from disasters. I wish you all peace and come back soon."

Everyone was stunned, tasted the saying "Pu Sui is safe", suddenly felt a bit interesting, and heard the crown prince Barabala talk about a sake sacrifice to the Buddha in the sea, the fragrance of the wine led everyone home, and the broken bottle warded off disasters Yunyun, they all thought it was very reasonable, and when the prince suggested that every time a new ship set sail in the future, it should be used as a gift, and no one sang against it at this time.

But at this moment, no one thought that maybe it was because the Taiping returned to the voyage brilliantly, and maybe it was because such a custom seemed to be really beneficial to the new ship's sailing. People also gave it a special name for the custom of launching a boat, which is called "cup throwing ceremony".

And the wine in the wine bottle also has various changes because of the different locations of these ships. The burning knife in the north, the daughter red in the south, and sweet-scented osmanthus brewing, each family has its own preferences.

Even Mu Bai didn't expect that he would have many, many opportunities to toast the ships after that, and he failed to grab the maiden voyage of these ships.

...It can be said that it is really very tragic.

The author has something to say: Ah, it’s really good before the end!

There are a lot of restrictions on historical texts now, such as not being anti-historical...so Xiaobai in the main text cannot be enthroned, nor can he engage in CP with historical BGs, (Dangmei), but after the end, the extra chapters can be released!

Most of the etiquette for launching modern ships comes from the West. An interesting point is that it is internationally recognized that all ships are girls.

When describing a ship in English, it is SHE, so the ship girl is real!

The bottle throwing ceremony is also performed by women, usually the wife of the ship owner or a respectable woman smashes the champagne, and when the name is chosen, if it is a person's name, it is mostly a woman's name.