From top stream to scholar

Yu Wanzhou simply thought that this was just an academic disagreement.Unexpectedly, this is an academic dispute?Didn't he arrive at Princeton University, Dr. Witten's stronghold, and he was about to be suppressed?It's so scary, do you want to run for your life?

"But don't worry, it's just an academic dispute. Witten will not suppress you academically. Academic disputes are very common. Besides, there are too many people who disagree with superstring theory. One more you is not too many, and you are less A lot." Constantine shrugged, "It's not a big deal."

"That's right." Yu Wanzhou nodded, thinking that if she really became a student of Edward Witten in the future.It is estimated that every day because of the superstring theory, the blush and the thick neck make the whole Princeton University laugh.Fortunately, he was not prepared to choose Edward Witten as his mentor.Otherwise, how embarrassing it is, quarreling every day.

Then Constantine said, "I suddenly want to know, if you become a student of Witten, you two must be very interesting."

"Forget it, I don't think it's suitable for me to make everyone laugh every day." Yu Wanzhou waved her hand, "Professor Constantine, wait for me."

"Okay, I'll go to the cafe first, I remember it's not far away, see you there later." Constantine looked at the envelope in Yu Wanzhou's hand and said, "Perhaps, Yu, you should take a good look at the envelope in your hand. Maybe the envelope. I will wait for you at the coffee shop. After you arrive, we will talk about the graphene experiment. Oh, by the way, my sincere suggestion, Yu, your doctoral supervisor may really Edward Witten could be chosen."

Constantine couldn't hold back any longer, and laughed out loud, "Perhaps, this may be a very interesting chemical reaction."

"..." Yu Wanzhou really wanted to say in an interpreter's voice, 'My God, I really want to kiss your ass hard with my leather shoes'.Of course, Yu Wanzhou was just thinking about it, and it was impossible to really say such things to him.

As for Dr. Witten's letter to him, he had to read it carefully.Needless to say, the offer from Princeton University, Yu Wanzhou from the International Congress of Mathematicians really did not expect it.Could it be that he can go to the International Congress of Mathematicians?Yu Wanzhou saw that Professor Constantine had gone away, and his elder brother and brother-in-law were standing not far in front of him.

Walked over and said to the eldest brother, "Brother, help me get this envelope."

"En." Yu Wanshen took the envelope very lightly, "What's inside?"

"Invitation letters, one from Princeton University, and one from the International Congress of Mathematicians." Yu Wanzhou opened the envelope, and it was an invitation letter from Princeton University.It is estimated that I dislike the slow speed of international mail, and I want to send this offer to him as soon as possible, so that Professor Wei Teng, who participated in this academic report, will hand it over to him on his behalf.

It's just that I didn't expect that the offer from the International Conference of Mathematicians was also handed over to me by Professor Weiteng. Did everyone think that they would study at Weiteng?Where did it come from, and why didn't he know about it himself.

I took a look at the offer from Princeton University, there were materials for him to prepare, and he had to take the TOEFL test, otherwise it would be very difficult to go abroad.

The full name of TOEFL is The Test of English as a Foreign Language, that is, the English test for foreign students from non-English-speaking countries is referred to as TOEFL.Schools that accept TOEFL scores cover almost the entire United States, including Harvard and Princeton University.Stanford University, etc., so when Yu Wanzhou went to study in the United States, the first choice of English test was naturally TOEFL.

Although Yu Wanzhou is indeed very against the sky, the procedures that should be followed still have to be followed.

But it's still early, it's only mid-April.He will take the exam after he holds his physics graduation defense in May, and it won't take long for the results to come out.He has to go to the International Congress of Mathematicians in June.He should be invited to the International Congress of Mathematicians, right?Yu Wanzhou was a little uncertain, and didn't know whether the email from the International Mathematical Union invited him to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians.

After handing the Princeton University offer to her elder brother, Yu Wanzhou said, "This is an invitation letter from Princeton University."

Jiang Xi came over and took a look at the invitation letter, "Is this the invitation letter from Princeton University?"

"En." Yu Wanzhou continued to open another envelope.Sure enough, it was an offer from the International Mathematical Union——

[Dear Mr. Yu Wanzhou, the International Mathematical Union (IMU) sincerely invites you to go to Hyderabad, Tianzhu on June NO.12. You have a two-hour academic report and invite you to participate in the award ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians . 】

Yu Wanzhou took a deep breath, that is to say, with this invitation letter, he can participate in the whole International Congress of Mathematicians.This is a mathematician's dream. Many Chinese mathematicians may not be able to get this offer in their entire lives.Yu Wanzhou was so excited that he shook Yu Wanshen on the spot and said, "Brother, the International Conference of Mathematicians invited me to participate, the International Conference of Mathematicians."

"Stop, stop, stop." Yu Wanshen said as immobile as a mountain, "What the hell is this?"

"It's held in Tianzhu, Hyderabad." Yu Wanzhou raised the air ticket in her hand, "By the way, he also gave me an air ticket, which is from the capital to Hyderabad."

"En." Yu Wanshen still didn't know how important this matter was to Yu Wanzhou.

"Brother, do you know that I may win the Fields Medal this year."

"Ah?" Yu Wanshen was confused again, "What award?"

"The Fields Medal, the highest award in mathematics, is the same as the Nobel Prize."

"Uh, isn't it the Nobel Prize in Mathematics?"

Yu Wanzhou gave Yu Wanshen a disgusted look, "Which dimension are you from, you still have the Nobel Prize in Mathematics. How can you have the Nobel Prize in Mathematics?"

"Nobel does not have a mathematics prize at all. The highest award in mathematics is the Fields Medal. It can be compared to the Nobel Prize!" Yu Wanzhou said happily, "Although I may not be able to win this year, I am invited to do two Hours of academic reports, and to participate in the award ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians, I think I really have the possibility of winning."

"Eh..." Seeing Yu Wanzhou so happy, Yu Wanshen was naturally very happy.But happiness is happiness, and he doesn't understand the weight of this reward.He could only nod his head and say, "My younger brother must be the most powerful."

"By the way, what did those two foreigners tell you to do?" Jiang Xi said cautiously from the side, "These two foreigners have been talking to you."

"Oh, there is Professor Constantine, who has been talking with me about graphene."

"What about the other one?"

"The other one is a friend of Professor Constantine, a professor of mathematical physics at Princeton University, Dr. Edward Witten. A physicist who won the Fields Medal." Yu Wanzhou thought for a while and said, "I In some academic aspects of physics, there may be relatively big differences with him, and we had a debate just now."

"Princeton University? From the same school as you, or a professor?"

"That's right." Yu Wanzhou nodded, "I guess Professor Constantine wants to introduce me to him and let me study with him. But I politely declined. If I study with Dr. Witten, I estimate that my daily energy is how to quarrel with my tutor. Then I criticize the superstring theory of my tutor. I really can’t agree with superstring theory. Dr. Witten is one of the founders of superstring theory. Ultimate Physics."

"But I am more inclined to use the unified theory to explain ultimate physics." After Yu Wanzhou finished speaking, she found that her elder brother and brother-in-law were looking at her in bewilderment.

Okay, I guess neither of them understood.Although these theories may be understandable to Yu Wanzhou, there are too many mathematical contents in them, and even my elder brother and brother-in-law can't understand them.

"In short, it is a physical theory that can explain all the physical laws of the universe. Physicists call it the ultimate physical theory. And this is something that many theoretical physicists are studying." Yu Wanzhou said read here Judging by the faces of my elder brother and brother-in-law, well, they should probably understand a little now.

"Dr. Witten created superstring theory, that is, string theory wants to try to unify the laws of physics and complete the ultimate physical theory."

"In the last century, countless people proposed a unified theory, that is, through the unification of the four major forces of the universe to explain the physical laws of the entire universe, it is called the unified theory. It is the grand unified theory, also known as the principle of everything. It was first discovered by James, the universal method. Oh, it is Maxwell, the founder of classical electrodynamics, and one of the founders of statistical physics."

"Beginning in the 20s, the famous scientist Abbott devoted himself to finding a unified theory of mass-energy conversion to explain all interactions, and it can also be said to explain all physical phenomena. In the 30s, after he completed the theory of relativity, he tried to pass" Weak interaction, magnetic field, strong interaction" unified thinking to simply explain the universe, and further unify the four interactions discovered at that time under a theoretical framework, so as to find the root of these four interactions. Microscopic particles are only There are four kinds of interaction forces, gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong interaction force, and weak interaction force. In theory, all phenomena in the universe can be explained by these four forces.①The unity of these four forces is The so-called grand unified theory is something that Abbott has never been able to do in the second half of his life."

"Fortunately, in the 60s, three scientists, Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam, proposed a unified theory of weak electricity, which unified the weak interaction and electromagnetic interaction. This unified theory can explain the weak interaction separately. Various phenomena that interact with electromagnetism, and predicted several new particles, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, and in 1983, they discovered the particles predicted in the theory, which further proved the correctness of the theory.②”

Yu Wanshen and Jiang Xi were dizzy and nodded continuously.

The colleagues of the two people next to me came over and said very curiously, "I have said so much, but I still don't understand it, so I just want to ask, who is the mass-energy conversion Albert?"

The author has something to say: ①②: Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia's Grand Unified Theory