Reborn Prince of Qing Dynasty

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The second emperor after the capital was established in Beijing.The year name Kangxi, Kang, Anning, Xi, Xingsheng, means the prosperity of the people and the prosperity of the world.Mongolians call it Enkh Amu Gulang Khan, enkhamgahan, or Amu Gulang Khan, which means "peace and tranquility" in Mongolian and is a free translation of "Kangxi" in Chinese.He ascended the throne at the age of 8 and took charge at the age of 14.Reigning for 61 years, he is the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history.He was the defender of China's unified multi-ethnic country. He laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty and created the prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong.The posthumous title is He Tianhong Yun Wenwu Ruizhe Respectful Thrift Generous Affluence Filial Piety Honesty Merit Dacheng Ren Emperor.

Xuanye is the third son of Emperor Shunzhi Fulin. His mother was a concubine when he was a filial piety to Empress Tong Jia of Kangzhang. Emperor Shunzhi did not have a crown prince during his lifetime.Portrait of Young Kangxi In the 18th year of Shunzhi, Emperor Shunzhi accepted Tang Ruowang's suggestion and chose Xuanye as his heir because he had suffered from smallpox and was immune to it, and made Xuanye the crown prince in the form of a will.Xuan Ye was only 18 years old when he came to the throne in the first month of the 6th year of Shunzhi (eight years old), and was changed to Kangxi in the first month of the following year (February 1662).At the same time, the imperial edict appointed four ministers, Sony, Suksaha, Ebilong, and Aobai, to assist the government.

Kangxi lost his father at the age of 8 (doubtful) and his mother at the age of 10.When his mother was seriously ill, Xuan Ye "attended him day and night, tasted the soup and medicine himself, his eyes were closed, and his clothes were untied."Kangxi later recalled that when he was young, he was "at the knees of his parents, and he never had a day of joy."

In June of the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Shoufu Sony died of illness.On the seventh day of July, the 14-year-old Emperor Kangxi officially took over the government, received congratulations in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and pardoned the world.But only ten days after taking office, Oboi killed Sukesaha, who was also the auxiliary minister, and became the first-class prince together with Ye Bilong a few days later. The actual political situation was not directly controlled by Emperor Kangxi.

In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Emperor Kangxi often summoned young guards to play pounce in the palace, but on May 6 (June 14), he suddenly ordered these guards to arrest Obai when he came to see him .The ministers discussed the thirty major crimes of Oboi, and asked to kill his family. Emperor Kangxi recited Oboi's merits, pardoned the death crime and imprisoned him. However, many of Oboi's brothers, nephews and party members were killed.Ye Bilong, the only remaining auxiliary minister, was cut off as a grand teacher and a first-class prince because of his long-term collusion with Obai.Emperor Kangxi thus completely regained the power of the imperial court and began the stage of real pro-government.

In the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), Zheng Jing died of a stroke. A coup took place in the Zheng Dynasty in Taiwan. Zheng Keshuang, who was only 12 years old, succeeded Yanping King. The power was actually controlled by Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan. Fu Weilin, who was negotiating peace, even wanted to be the internal response.Yao Qisheng thought it was a good time to attack Taiwan and recommended Shi Lang to Emperor Kangxi.

In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Kangxi took Shi Lang as the admiral of the Fujian Navy and sent troops to attack Taiwan. He defeated the Zheng Navy led by Liu Guoxuan in Penghu and recovered Taiwan.In the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), the Qing government set up a government (Taiwan Prefecture) and three counties in Taiwan, namely Taiwan County (now Tainan), Fengshan County (now Kaohsiung), and Zhuluo County (now Chiayi), which belonged to Fujian Province. And set up one patrol officer, one general officer, two lieutenants in Taiwan, with eight thousand soldiers.Set up a lieutenant general and two thousand soldiers in Penghu.Thus strengthening the central government's jurisdiction over Taiwan and promoting the development of Taiwan's economy and culture.

Since the end of Ming Dynasty, the Tsarist Russian Expeditionary Force has repeatedly invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin, burning, killing, looting, and nibbling everywhere.In September of the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), the Qing ordered the Tsarist Russian invading troops entrenched in Yaksa and other places to withdraw from the Qing territory.The invading army ignored them, and instead led their troops to Aihui to plunder. The Qing general Sabsu defeated him and burned all the strongholds established by the invading army in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, making Yaksa an isolated city.But the invading army stubbornly resisted.On the 24rd of the first lunar month in the 1685th year of Kangxi (23), in order to completely eliminate the invasion of Tsarist Russia, Kangxi ordered Peng Chun, the capital commander, to go to Aihui and capture the city of Yaksa in a few days. , Moergen (now Nenjiang, Heilongjiang) garrisoned fields to strengthen the defense of Heilongjiang.

In the autumn of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Tsarist Russia made a comeback and occupied the city of Yaksa again.The treacherous behavior of the Russian army aroused the great indignation of the Qing government.At the beginning of the next year, Kangxi received a report and ordered a counterattack.

On July 25, the 1686th year of Kangxi (24), more than 2000 Qing troops arrived at the city of Yaksa, besieged the city, and ordered the Tsarist Russian invading army to surrender.Tolbuzin ignored.In August, the Qing army began to attack the city, and Tolbuzin was shot and killed. He was replaced by Bodun and continued to resist.On August 25, the Qing army considered that the Tsarist Russian invaders had to wait for reinforcements when they defended Yaksa, and also considered that it would be inconvenient for ships to move, horses and fodder after the freezing of winter, so they dug trenches on the south, north, and east sides of Yaksa City. To besiege, send warships to patrol the river west of the city to cut off foreign aid from the enemy.The invading army was besieged, and many died in battle. Of the 826 Russian troops, only 66 remained.As the city of Yaksa was about to fall, Sophia, the Russian regent, hurriedly asked Qing to withdraw from the siege and sent envoys to agree on the border.Qing agreed to the request and allowed the remnants of the invading army to withdraw to Nerchinsk.

After the Battle of Yaksa, the two sides concluded the "Sino-Russian Nebraska Treaty" on July 28, the 1689th year of Kangxi (24), stipulating that the Waixing'an Mountains to the Heigerbiqi River and the Ergun River were the Sino-Russian borders. The eastern part of the border between the two countries, the area north of Heilongjiang, south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and east of the Ussuri River is the territory of the Qing Dynasty.

Not long after Kangxi came to power, he announced the cessation of land enclosure and the extension of the tax-free period for reclaiming wasteland.He also started to rectify the administration of officials, and restored the assessment systems such as Jingchao and Daji.In order to prevent being deceived and deceived by his subordinates, Kangxi also went out to Beijing to make inspections in person to understand the people's conditions and the government.Among them, the most famous are six southern tours, in addition to three east tours, one west tour, and hundreds of visits to Gyeonggi and Mongolia, which greatly promoted Kangxi's understanding of the people's sentiments. He also personally inspected the Yellow River, He inspected the river engineering and ordered the renovation of the Yongding River channel.

Kangxi was tired of working hard in his later years, which led to corruption of officials and corruption of officials.In the 49th year of Kangxi (1710), the imperial censor participated in impeachment of the household department hall official Xifuna and others for embezzling more than 64 taels of silver from the household department's internal warehouse, and as many as 110 officials were involved.Kangxi said, "I think about it repeatedly, and I can't sleep all night. If Yi and others are interrogated, many people will be convicted."In the end, only Shifuna was dismissed, and the rest of the officials were restricted in compensation.

Kangxi emphasized Confucianism.In the 18th year of Kangxi, he issued an edict and said: "In a prosperous age, there are only one and three. There are enough warehouses and rites and education, so there is no danger of floods and droughts. It is better to hear that the common people do not know how to save, and when they are apologetic, they will be exiled. The husband prospers and saves the people, and when eating, he uses courtesy, but the good and the good are good." Kangxi was full of interest in Confucianism since he was a child, and believed that "the meaning is endless, and he never tires of it."In December of the 16th year of Kangxi, he clearly announced in the imperial "Preface to the Interpretation of the Four Books of the Day" that the Qing government would integrate the rule of law with Taoism, and take Confucianism as the foundation of rule of the country.

He has organized erudition and Confucianism for many times, created the South Study Room system, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu in person.Kangxi also organized the editing and publishing of "Kangxi Dictionary", "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books", "Calendar Research", "Mathematical Essence", "Kangxi Yongnian Calendar", "Kangxi Huangyu Panpan Map" and other books, calendars and map.

Imperial concubine Jingmin, Zhang Jiashi (?——1699), a Manchurian inlaid yellow banner, daughter of Shenling Haikuan.In the 25th year of Kangxi, Yunxiang, the thirteenth son of the emperor, was born.Later, she gave birth to two daughters, who married Cangjin and Doerji.Kangxi died on July 38th, 25th year, and was named Concubine Min.In the early years of Yongzheng, because of Yinxiang, Emperor Yongzheng posthumously conferred the honor of Zhang Jia as the imperial concubine of Emperor Kao Jingmin, and buried him in Jingling Mausoleum, setting a precedent for the burial of imperial concubines in the Qing Dynasty.Zhang Jia was the only concubine who was buried with Kangxi.

Imperial Concubine Dunyi (1683-1768), the daughter of Human, the leader of the Third Rank Association.Guarga's.She was concubine He when she served Kangxi, Emperor Sejong Yongzheng was honored as Imperial Concubine Huang Kao, and Emperor Gaozong Qianlong was honored as Imperial Concubine Wenhui, Emperor Qianlong.Give birth to a daughter, Shang.

Concubine Huihui (1668-1743), Tong Jiashi, younger sister of Empress Xiaoyiren.In the 39th year of Kangxi, she was registered as a noble concubine, during the Yongzheng period, she was honored as the imperial concubine of Huang Kaohuang, and during the Qianlong period, she was honored as the imperial concubine Shouqi, the emperor's ancestor.Qianlong died eight years ago at the age of 76.After his death, he was posthumously named the imperial concubine Huihui.

Concubine Wen Xi, Niu Hulu family (?——1694), Manchurian inlaid yellow banner, younger sister of Empress Xiao Zhaoren, was registered as a noble concubine in the 20th year of Kangxi, and died on the third day of November in the 33rd year.One son, please let me go, and one daughter, died young.

Concubine Shunyi Mi, Wang family.At the beginning, she was a secret concubine, and later honored as a secret concubine.The three sons, Yunyu, Yunlu and Yunyu, died at the age of eight.

Concubine Chunyuqin, Chen family.At the beginning, she was a concubine of Qin and was honored as concubine Qin by Yongzheng.One son, Yunli.

Concubine Hui, Nalashi (?——1732), the daughter of the doctor Solhe, was a concubine at first.In the 16th year of Kangxi, he was registered as Concubine Hui; in the 20th year

For Concubine Hui.It died on the seventh day of April in the tenth year of Yongzheng.Over the age of 70.Two sons, Chengqing and Yunyu.

Concubine Rong, Ma Jiashi (?——1727), the daughter of Yuanwai Lang Gaishan.In the 16th year of Kangxi, he was registered as a concubine Rong; in the 20th year, he was a concubine Rong.Yongzheng died on the sixth day of March in the fifth year of leap.Over the age of 70.He had five sons and one daughter, of whom only Yunzhi was an adult, and one daughter was married to Urgon.

Concubine Ping, Hesheli family (?——1696), younger sister of Empress Xiaochengren, a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria, daughter of Chengengong Gabula, who led the guard and inner minister, stayed in the Nian Palace when she was a child, and gave birth to Yun in the 30th year of Kangxi. Ji (beside the words shown), died on June 35, [-], and was posthumously named Concubine Ping that month.

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