The Black Technology Era of Xueba

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Unfinished vegetable protein textile steaks are dumped.

Siqi Gao and her team set out to grow whole beef tissue using muscle cells from Kobe beef.

The lab needs to do three things.

Take cells, extract genes, and culture.

In today's biological world, the most difficult thing is to use animal cells to cultivate animal tissues. Most laboratories want to cultivate a certain tissue or an organ of an animal. Generally, they will take the embryonic cells of animals or the organs of young animals that have just been born. , tissue for culture.

The reason for this choice is that these cells or tissues have strong ability to divide and proliferate, and the culture success rate is high. For fully differentiated cells, the cell differentiation potential becomes narrower and narrower, and the success rate of culture is very low at this time.

However, the fully differentiated nucleus still maintains all the original genetic material and has totipotency, but only when the conditions inside and outside the cell meet certain conditions, the totipotency of the cell can be manifested.

Going a little deeper, the genes in the cells report all the genetic information of the species to which the cells belong. When the internal and external conditions allow, the genes can be fully expressed, and even the species itself can be cultivated.

The cloned sheep Dolly using mammary cells has illustrated this problem.

It's just a Dolly-like experimental process, and there is a certain gap between it and the gene expression technology in the hands of Pangu Technology.

The production process of cloned Dolly the sheep is divided into three steps.

In the first step, the mammary gland cells are taken out from the mammary glands of the ewe and placed in a low-concentration nutrient medium. Under the intervention of external conditions, the cells gradually stop dividing, and the cells produced in this process become donor cells.

In the second step, the unfertilized egg cell is collected from the body of another ewe, and the nucleus is removed, leaving an egg cell without a nucleus, just like leaving an empty house for the donor cell. The non-nucleated egg cell becomes the recipient cell.

In the third step, the donor cell and the recipient cell are fused by the method of electric pulse, and finally a fused cell is formed. This process is similar to that of the egg cell.

In this way, the initial experimental steps are completed. The following procedure is very simple, similar to cultivating a test-tube baby, placing the fused cells in the uterus of a certain ewe, and finally developing and growing and being born.

The experiment of cloning Dolly the sheep is one of the greatest experiments in the biological world, and it has also proved in practice that highly differentiated cells are still totipotent.

However, this experiment has a long experimental period, high difficulty and high cost, and its role in the research field is far greater than its role in practical applications.

What Pangu Technology needs to do is perfect gene expression, no need to make donor cells, no need to make recipient cells, and to fully express the genes in the nucleus again in the fastest and cheapest way, and once again demonstrate the totipotency of cells .

The purpose of Pangu Technology is to use this technology in food and medicine, so it is destined that the experimental period must be short and the cost must be low. If Dolly Sheep's method of burning money would cost tens of thousands of a pound of meat in a laboratory, it would be better for farmers to raise it back-to-back.

Gao Siqi carefully extracted the muscle cells of Kobe beef. Under the new experimental idea, the cell membrane of the muscle cells was broken, the gene sequence of the nucleus was lifted, and then the gene sequence was completely read by the gene reading instrument.

Although the muscle cells at this time have the totipotency of cells, they cannot meet the requirements of the laboratory in terms of gene regulation and expression.

If the muscle cells are allowed to undergo mitosis under the action of a serum-like culture medium, the muscle cells will only continue to proliferate against the culture dish. This process is similar to the continuous increase of muscle cells in the body.

Although the product at this time is still muscle cells, the speed is slow, and the number of proliferation is effective. Normally, a group of healthy muscle cells, after completing a certain amount of proliferation, will stop proliferating, and then collectively fall into decline.

This is both the process of healthy cell death,

It is also the process of human aging.

(In terms of macroscopic cell death expression, it is related to cell telomeres and will not be repeated here.)

So what exactly is the reason for the limited rate and proliferation of healthy cells? This is a topic being studied by global molecular biology, and also a topic being studied by Pangu Technology.

Pangu Technology already has a relatively complete answer, because in the regulation of gene expression, there is a mediator that controls the production speed and proliferation of muscle cells.

The specific process is that every time a muscle cell proliferates, a certain negative charge in the gene will move down according to the number of times of proliferation, and at the same time, it will move down in the original muscle cell and the gene fragment of the new proliferating individual.

In laboratory data, the number of shifts of charges in genes is strictly equal to the number of proliferations.

Then, when the negative charge is directed to a certain point in the gene fragment, the entire gene expression will have a huge change.

Stop proliferation and cellular senescence, and death ensues.

This is the experimental result found by Pangu Technology's Life Science Laboratory in the regulation of gene expression.

The Pangu lab has also done an experiment to stop the proliferation of cells and keep the cells in a fairly peaceful state.

However, the performance of the experimental samples surprised Pangu Technology. Over time, the negative charge still has to move in the gene segment, and even indicates a dead segment at a faster time, and then the cells die in a peaceful state without proliferation.

Pangu Technology's last comparison laboratory controlled the instructions for this charge and concluded that the cells lived longer, but still died.

This is the latest problem that Pangu Technology faces in the regulation of gene expression. Although Pangu Technology can control gene expression, it cannot control cell death.

Back to the Kobe Beef Muscle Experiment at Pangu Technology's Life Science Laboratory.

Since muscle cells are controlled by negative charges, they cannot achieve the conditions of rapid proliferation and unlimited proliferation that the laboratory wants.

So what about the lab?

Gao Siqi's team is very clever to use an experimental method.

First, the gene expression regulation laboratory is perfectly used here.

By removing the conditions that control cell directional proliferation, muscle cells will not proliferate slowly as in Kobe cattle, and will die after a certain degree of proliferation.

So how can we make muscle cells proliferate rapidly? Even wireless proliferation?

This question was put in front of Gao Siqi's team, and it also led to the second step of the experiment, studying cancer cells.

This is also Xiao Ming's point of view.

Learn about cancer cells? Gao Siqi was taken aback by Xiao Ming's thought.

Xiao Ming nodded and said, Cancer cells proliferate fast and can proliferate indefinitely. We can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells through gene expression regulation and let them die, and we can also learn the advantages of unlimited proliferation and fast proliferation of cancer cells.

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