The Godfather of Surgery

Yang Ping was still visiting Krause's experiments at Mayo Medical College, and a call from Johannesson brought him the good news.

Mayo is willing to invite Yang Ping as a visiting professor with an annual salary of three million US dollars. With such generous conditions, Johannessen feels that Yang Ping will agree without hesitation.

However, Yang Ping refused Mayo's invitation without even thinking about it. He didn't want to be bound by this three-million-dollar visiting professor. Once he agreed, he would have to come several times a year, and flying to guide the surgery was a contractual obligation. .

Although it is an equal agreement and the conditions are favorable, Yang Ping feels that his freedom will be restricted by this "visiting professor". If he does not sign the agreement and does not become a visiting professor, he will not be bound by Mayo at all and can come as he pleases. , I don’t want to care about you if I don’t want to come, feel free.

If Yang Ping hadn't wanted to travel around the world to learn from other people's strengths, Yang Ping wouldn't have wanted to fly so far, so it would have been easier to just ask Johannesson to bring the patient to China.

Johannesson did not expect that Yang Ping would refuse. He had worked hard to help Yang Ping get this guest expert. He wanted to know why Yang Ping refused.

Yang Ping told Johannesson his thoughts bluntly. He did not want to be bound by the rules of any other hospital, so he had no interest in Mayo's "special experts."

If you really want to become Mayo's specially appointed expert, you don't want to take on any obligations. Of course, you don't want the commission. If you need to guide the surgery by yourself, you can make an appointment at the last minute, just like this surgery. How good.

Johannessen understood Yang Ping's thoughts. In order to retain Yang Ping, he turned to communicate with the dean of Mayo and told the dean Yang Ping's refusal to be a "special expert" and the reasons for the refusal, hoping that the dean could transfer the contract to the dean. The terms were modified until Yang Ping was satisfied.

After hearing this, the dean was very angry and asked to modify the terms of the contract? How to modify it?

Let the other party have the rights they want, but not bear the corresponding obligations? Is that what you mean?

What kind of hospital is Mayo? It is a hospital that has created countless firsts in the history of human medicine. It is the "Supreme Court" of medical diagnosis in the United States. It is a benchmark for surface medical care. It is the first choice place for surgeries by previous US presidents. How could it be allowed to you? Do whatever you want.

It is very rare to be able to invite you to serve as a "special expert". How many of the world's top experts are rushing to serve as Mayo's guest posts for free, and now they refuse even if they are offered an annual salary of three million US dollars.

We at Mayo have dignity!

Dean Johannesen said bluntly: "Although his surgery is very beautiful and better than any of our doctors, this does not constitute a prerequisite for us to hire him. Since he is rejected, let's end this matter. We Mei The strength of Austria’s 4,500 doctors cannot be matched by any one person.”

"No, Mr. Dean, you are wrong. If you gather together professors from any school in Minnesota, will their contribution to the world exceed that of Einstein?" Johannessen said sharply.

The dean was obviously irritated by Johannesson's words: "You said he is Einstein, and we are just random university professors? Is the gap so big? We at Mayo can also do the surgeries he can do?"

"In order to take care of your feelings, I have said it very politely. The gap is bigger than you think, much bigger. He is not only a great surgeon, he is also an imaginative doctor. He is a scientist among doctors. Now ask the ophthalmologists and Krause, what are they doing now? Because of the insufficient blood supply of the mouse eyeball transplant model, the experiment has been unable to advance quickly. Isn’t it possible that no ophthalmologist in the entire United States can transfer that? The tiny ophthalmic arteries are anastomosed until they look exactly like normal ones. It can’t be done, it really can’t be done, no one can do it!”

"The optic ganglion cells of the retina are very fragile. If the blood supply is insufficient, their survival ability will be seriously affected. However, no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve 100% recovery immediately after surgery, unless the experimental animals are replaced or the basic theory obtains a favorable breakthrough. , otherwise the experiment will be stuck here.”

"But Professor Yang from China can do it. You heard me clearly. He can do things that our 4,500 doctors can't do, and things that ophthalmologists in the United States can't do. He can achieve 100% immediate recovery after surgery. This is without hesitation." Whatever it takes to get him to cooperate with us."

"You will pay the price for your short-sightedness and so-called self-esteem. Mayo will lose a lot because of you. Ask the Mayo brothers on the steps, will this hurt Mayo's self-esteem? Is Mayo's self-esteem so fragile? ?”

Johannesson fired a barrage of fire at the dean.

The dean rubbed his temples: "Dr. Johannesson, is he really that important? Any actions I take must be responsible for the reputation of Mayo! I represent 4,500 Mayo doctors, not you alone."

"Of course, he is a medical angel sent by God. I have never seen such a talented doctor. Really, never. I, Johnathan, director of neurosurgery at Mayo, the top neurosurgery expert in the United States, if I also tell you How can I become a student under him while maintaining my poor self-esteem? He is much younger than me, and his medical practice time is much shorter than mine. If we count his seniority, he may only be a resident doctor under me, or a junior doctor. He is a qualified specialist, but I am willing to be a student in front of him."

"Johnathan!" the dean wanted to interject.

Johannessen was rude and almost yelled at the dean: "Shut up and listen to me. Do you know, if I were to perform surgery on this hemispheric brain case, it would be impossible to succeed at all. Even if it was successful, it would be very difficult. Thanks to luck, because I have not really understood the connection between the structure and function of the brain, but he is different. He has figured out the real anatomy of the hemispheres of the brain and found the distribution of functional areas of the brain, thus making the anatomy of the entire brain scientific. To achieve certain progress, if I were to do it, it would take at least ten years to have the understanding he has today."

Looking at the excited Johannessen in front of him, the dean also shouted:

"Okay, Johannessen, you are an upright person. Well, let's modify the agreement according to your request and retain your mentor, this specially appointed expert. Okay, you are satisfied."

"But let me remind you, next time you talk to me, don't speak so loudly! Don't get so close! Don't slap my table! I am the dean, the dean of Mayo."

After yelling, the dean took out a handkerchief and wiped his face: "All your damn saliva was sprayed on my face!"

"Remember the promise you just made, this is your compensation." Johannesson took out a stack of tissues and threw them on the dean's desk.

——

Because Klaus needed Yang Ping's help, he was very honest with Yang Ping. He introduced the details of the entire experiment in detail.

The breakthrough in Mayo's eye transplantation animal experiment confirmed Yang Ping's judgment that there must be genetic control behind cell behavior, and genes control everything.

The clever Mayo doctor discovered the differences between two different mice and found out the problem from the differences.

Yang Ping's current experiment uses normal stem cells, tumor cells and teratoma cells to establish three models. He also hopes to find out the differences between these three models and find out their genetic differences. This difference may be the key to unlocking the secrets of Door key.

Once you find the gene segments and find ways to turn them on and off, the problem is solved.

Yang Ping helped them perform ten mouse allogeneic eyeball transplant surgeries. High-quality blood vessels and nerve anastomoses ensured the success of the experiment to the greatest extent.

The ophthalmic artery of mice is very small, and the level of vascular anastomosis under the microscope in the United States is significantly lower than that in China. You must know that China is the birthplace of amputated limb replantation.

Therefore, in the past, they often scrapped a large number of animal models due to quality issues with the anastomosis of blood vessels and nerves.

Even so, they could only continue to use mice as models because they found a gene fragment that affects the survival and axon growth of mouse retinal ganglion cells. The search for this gene fragment took ten years, and it also had certain implications. element of luck.

If the experimental animal species is changed, similar gene fragments need to be searched again. Even if the team is willing to spend another ten years, success will be highly uncertain.

Sometimes there are multiple reasons for the success of scientific research, such as diligence, persistence, inspiration, luck, etc. There are various reasons.

Compared with certain gene fragments that have been clarified, the quality of the anastomosis between eyeball blood vessels and nerves can be improved, which is a negligible shortcoming. Now, Krause's team has found a shortcut and directly asked Yang Ping to help complete the mouse eyeball transplant surgery. Make experimental models.

In the past, the small number of models they considered to be of high quality could only be considered shoddy compared to the models produced by Yang Ping now.

The patient with a hemispheric brain was very smooth after surgery, which was due to Yang Ping's superb surgical skills. Johannesson used the surgical video as a teaching video for neurosurgery.

They broke down the operations in the video into hundreds of steps, then used computers to analyze and refine them. Finally, they extracted some standardized actions and trained each doctor.

In the United States, Yang Ping did not stay long. He declined the invitations of Woodhead and Griffin, and he did not even have time to visit Robert's stronghold, the Long Island Clinic.

The day after the surgery, Yang Ping and Robert flew back to China from the United States.

——

At this time, it was already one week after Yang Ping submitted his article.

Mannstein's villa in Berlin, Germany.

The German professor had already drank dozens of cups of coffee. He stretched, walked to the window, opened the curtains, and pushed open the window, letting in a breath of fresh air.

"This disgusting guy actually made me stay up until morning."

Maninstein cursed and then took a deep breath. The morning light was already appearing in the distance outside the window. The professor had stayed up all night and had not closed his eyes since five o'clock yesterday afternoon.

It all started from a Chinese young man named Yang Ping and his damn few papers.

Because Maninstein reviewed Yang Ping's manuscript last time, this time he opened the mailbox and saw a familiar name. Professor Maninstein opened the email with his hands trembling, and then forgot everything until he remembered that he should take a nap. It's already morning.

For more than ten hours, the German professor read papers and looked up information, interspersed with drinking coffee and going to the bathroom. In this way, he unknowingly stayed up until the next morning.

This talented German professor had never seen such imaginative research. The skin augmentation technology in it broke his cognition. Maninstein keenly predicted that this seemingly unremarkable paper would be Start an era.

Regarding skin augmentation technology, Professor Maninstein has the most say, because this is his first technology, but now he feels that he just helped others pick up nice medical terms in advance.

My own technology is not a real amplification technology, but Yang Ping's technology is a real amplification technology.

Except for borrowing the term "amplification technology", Yang Ping's technology is completely different from Maninstein's technology, from theory to experiment.

Mannstein skin expansion technology takes epidermal cells and dermal cells and culture them in vitro. After the cells divide, the number increases exponentially, but they are still scattered and cultured in essence.

It's just that Maninstein added cell tiling technology to the scattered cells, so that the epidermal cells are spread into a layer, and the dermal cells are spread into a layer, and the two layers are attached together, barely artificially forming a layer of skin containing the dermis and epidermis.

Yang Ping's skin amplification technology is completely different. It is a somatic cell replication technology that uses a small piece of human skin to amplify a large area of ​​skin through continuous replication and expansion.

This is no longer a simple induction of stem cell differentiation, but a breakthrough research result on the division and construction of skin cells. It has mastered the ability to activate, turn on and turn off certain gene expressions in skin cells.

copy! clone!

What a fantastic technology, even though it’s only now available on simple skins.

No one can say that one day this technology can be extended to any organ, such as the liver. As long as patients with end-stage liver failure still have viable liver cells, they can use these cells to replicate a liver. This is a great start.

Maninstein couldn't restrain his excitement and immediately dialed the number of Lewis, the editor-in-chief of Science, and shouted in an excited tone: "Lewis, listen to me now. After I finish speaking, you only need to answer YES. You push The three articles given to me must be published as soon as possible, in this issue, and I guarantee that they will make your journal shine, and they will make you the most visionary editor-in-chief in the history of Science."

"But--my professor has already typeset it. If I change it, it will be too late." Lewis was helpless.

"I said, you just need to answer YES, and you will thank me in the future. No matter what, even if you add a few pages, it must be published in this issue. Postponing is self-inflicted." Maninstein was not negotiable.

Lewis, who was far away in the United States, had never seen Maninstein so excited. He had no doubt that Maninstein's vision was far superior to his own.

However, publishing three articles at a time and giving one a cover is such a grand treatment. The journal "Science" has never had this kind of history.

"But--" Lewis still wanted to explain.

Maninstein's tone was mixed with anger:

"Too much will make you mediocre, Lewis. Listen, soon, a new star will rise. His radiant light will make us appear dull. If we can, we will be the closest witnesses." Go ahead." Maninstein hung up the phone.

No one knew the value of these papers better than Maninstein. This genius keenly sensed that these three papers were just a prelude and contained a huge easter egg.

How could a young man who could usually easily obtain such research results be satisfied with the expansion of his skin? This was just the first door he opened, not even a door, just a knock on the door.

Manstein thought: The realization of this skin augmentation technology must have cracked some key basic technology, but it was not reflected in the paper.

This young man should then move towards cloning organs, using somatic cells to replicate complete organs. He will start a new era.

No, maybe his experiment has already begun, and in ten or twenty years, it may be possible to clone organs.

Maninstein stood beside the bed. At this time, the morning light was shining and the sky was golden.

He drank the coffee in the cup in one gulp. The world is so big and the sunrise today is so dazzling.