Ultimate Scholar

It is not surprising to consider that there is a problem with theory when, as dictated by theory, no corresponding result can be found in experiment.

Especially for the Standard Model of physics.

It's a well-known fact in physics that the Standard Model isn't standard.

After all, there is a problem first, that is, the standard model does not describe gravity. Therefore, assuming that one day in the future, physicists can really perfectly unify the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, the standard model probably needs to go through A big overhaul to put gravity into the frame.

But that day is obviously still too far away. The current standard model can only describe the three forces of electromagnetic force, strong force and weak force in one model, and even though they are put in one model, they are not It means that these three forces are unified.

So far, only the electroweak force has been unified, while the strong interaction force still exists in the model and is free from the electroweak force.

For example, the strange hadron discovered by Li Mu and his team this time is also to further help physicists find the properties and characteristics of the strong interaction force, so as to provide help for integrating the strong interaction force into a unified one.

Therefore, not long after their paper was published, it has been cited by many scholars who study strong interaction forces.

"And now, the standard model tells me that Zcs(3985)+ and the neutral companion state should be generated at the same time, but in the experimental data, it is not reflected at all, as if there is something..."

"In these experimental data, it is hidden."

Various thoughts in his mind skipped, until finally, a noun emerged from the bottom of his heart.

non-perturbative effect.

"What are you thinking?"

The door of the dormitory was opened, and a voice came, in fact, it was mainly because Li Mu did not close the door.

Li Mu pulled his thoughts away from the thoughts in his mind, and turned his head to look at the past.

"Academician Yue."

"Um."

Yue Lang nodded, and then sat next to Li Mu.

"Still looking for the particle of the neutral companion state?"

Li Mu nodded: "Yes."

Yue Lang smiled and said with emotion: "It's good to be young, and you still have such energy and drive, just like me back then. After I graduated from university, I worked at CERN and worked with Mr. Ding Zhaozhong's L3 team. Research, at that time we were also looking for various new particles.”

"At that time, I was just like you. I was full of energy and felt that I would definitely be able to find a new kind of particle."

"In fact, we finally found it, of course, but it doesn't have much to do with me."

Yue Lang shook his head, probably lamenting his true thoughts back then.

"Particle physics is not troublesome, nor is it simple. Those particles that have not been discovered seem to be right in front of our eyes, under the guidance of the Standard Model, waiting for us to find them."

"But the reality always proves that they always seem to be teasing us."

"So, what we have to do is to pretend that we don't care about these particles, and then one day when we suddenly get into trouble, we can catch one of their leaked tails."

Li Mu nodded slightly, he could tell that Yue Lang was trying to persuade himself not to be too forceful.

"You're right." Li Mu responded, "But sometimes we have to try."

Yue Lang smiled and said, "Of course, it makes sense to think so."

"So, what do you think now?"

Li Mu pondered for a moment, and then said: "The theory tells us that whether it is charged strange hadrons or neutral strange hadrons, they are all born together in the final state of charm meson decay."

"But now, if you can't find a consistent signal in the experimental data."

"So I now have to think about whether it's theory, something wrong with our Standard Model."

Hearing Li Mu's words, Yue Lang fell into silence for a while, and said after about half a minute: "I have to say, your idea is very bold and very important."

"When experiments can't verify the theory, we have to consider whether the theory is not perfect."

Yue Lang stood up.

Li Mu's words obviously caught his attention.

Walking around in the dormitory, Yue Lang bowed his head in thought.

"Although so far, almost all the results of particle collision experiments related to the electroweak and strong three forces basically conform to the standard model, but we must also admit that it is only almost."

"Li Mu, you should also know that a problem that our physics community has been avoiding is that although the Standard Model is very accurate, in fact this model is not even self-consistent."

Hearing Yue Lang's words, Li Mu nodded.

"For so many years, we have been working hard, but we still can't get a non-perturbative definition of the Standard Model, such as the non-perturbative definition through lattice theory."

"The current Standard Model uses a series expansion, also known as a perturbation expansion, to approximate the definition."

"If we only take the first few terms of the series, we will find that the standard model can give conclusions very similar to the experimental results, which is why it is called a very successful theory."

"However, if we take the first few hundred terms of the series expansion, the results of the standard model will have a large gap with the experiment."

"The more terms of series expansion, the greater the difference between the results of the standard model and the experimental results, and even tend to infinity, so the standard model approached by series expansion is not a self-consistent in theory. Model."

Having said that, Yue Lang's voice paused, he stopped pacing, and raised his head to look at Li Mu.

"Maybe your question is right. The experimental data cannot be compared with the standard model, and it is likely to appear on this issue."

"But unfortunately, this problem is not easy to solve."

"The physics community has tried for so many years, but it still fails to expand the series of the Standard Model to achieve convergence. Maybe we can only find the desired neutral adjoint state if we converge it."

Yue Lang shook his head and sighed slightly.

This kind of unsolved problem in physics is like a conjecture in mathematics, which has lasted for a long time, but has never been solved.

Maybe it can only be handed over to young people like Li Mu?

As for an old man like him, it probably won't be possible.

After all, we all know that the most outstanding achievements of a scientist are often born in his youth, and when he is old, basically all he can do is to tinker with this past achievement.

Finally, Yue Lang patted Li Mu on the shoulder, and said with a smile: "Of course, you don't have to worry too much. The current experimental data can't find the existence of the neutral adjoint state, and it will be possible in the future. It's only about ten or so now." At the end of the year, the electron-positron collider will start up again, and next time we will optimize the collision parameters, so it won’t be as if only 127 were found this time.”

"The larger the sample size, the better the chance of discovery."

"So don't worry."

"Of course, if you want to use your mathematical ability to make up for the inconsistency of the Standard Model, I also support it."

"That's what a math genius like you should do."

"Come on, boy."

Afterwards, Yue Lang didn't say any more, turned around and left the dormitory.

But Li Mu was lost in thought.

Does the perturbative expansion of the Standard Model...

He picked up the pen and wrote down the standard model series expansion on the paper.

Then, the knowledge about perturbation theory in mathematics also entered his mind. \b

"For the standard model series expansion, the physics community hopes that when n tends to infinity, Fn(g) can also approach the integral value we want, but at present, when N tends to infinity, Fn(g) g) will only diverge, not converge."

"This can only be due to the lack of one or several restrictive conditions."

"But what would this restrictive condition be..."

Li Mu's eyes suddenly fixed.

Then, relying on his mathematical intuition, he added a restriction to each series item.

This is a seemingly troublesome formula, but in Li Mu's eyes, this formula is full of mathematical beauty.

But the most important thing is—"It seems... found it?"

He was a little dazed.

Because, the original divergent series expansion formula, with the addition of this new formula, suddenly achieved convergence.

"Is this the problem solved?"

It was like a magical intuition that guided Li Mujiang to discover this formula.

He frowned and thought for a moment, feeling unbelievable for a while.

Relying on the divergence of the series expansion of the original Standard Model, I have directly found the conditions to control its divergence, which has plagued the physics community for decades?

But later, when he studied it carefully again, he discovered the shortcomings.

"This formula also lacks the coordination of weak interaction forces."

"This should be the problem..."

But even though he found the problem, Li Mu had a smile on his face.

Because of this accidental mathematical intuition, although it did not directly point to the answer, it allowed him to find the key to solve the whole problem.

Perhaps, a complete non-perturbative mathematical definition of the standard model will be realized in his hands.