Dialogue between ancient and modern: I create programs, national treasures have spirits

Chapter 143 The Splendid Bronze Culture

In [-] BC, King Wu defeated Shang.

It can be seen from the bronze ware of Ligui that the inscriptions on the bronze ware of this period gradually became neater and the lines became round and tactful.

Compared with the one or two-character clan inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, long inscriptions began to appear.

From a short one or two words to a meaningful long speech, it can actually be confirmed that the historical value of bronze inscriptions has gradually increased since the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

The longer the length of the inscription, the more things can be recorded, such as a series of activities such as wars and conquests at that time.

And the bronze wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty gradually replaced the fierce and mysterious Shang Dynasty with plain and simple.

The content of the inscription engraved on it is also richer.

Through these ancient inscriptions, the history of 3000 years ago is fully revealed.

"From our point of view, the two characters Zhong and Guo have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and are well-known all over the world, but the use of these two characters together was first recorded on the bronze vessel He Zun in the Western Zhou Dynasty."

"Of course, at that time, Zhong and Guo were used together, which actually meant Guozhong, that is, the center of the country and land, so it was often recorded as Tuzhong."

Yi Ze patiently explained some little knowledge that ordinary people don't know. The source of these symbolic words can often become people's talk after dinner.

If you are still studying, exporting quotations from classics is far more attractive than exporting dirty words.

Of course, it is unavoidable that some people like the passion of Secondary School, but knowledge itself will always appear elegant.

To put it bluntly, this is called pretense.

But more people like to call it "poetry and bookishness".

Many girls like this set very much. The perceptual factors in traditional knowledge and the mysterious atmosphere in long history are enough to attract the attention of people who don't understand these things.

This is easier to be liked than pulling girls' braids every day and coming out to be handsome when there is nothing to do.

After all, to be handsome you have to be handsome yourself, and most people obviously don't have such hard conditions.

If you really want to look as handsome as Bai Gu, in this day and age, you may be able to make your debut directly.

However, elegant things always require a certain amount of precipitation. The simplicity and roughness of games are really not directly proportional to the ease with which they can be obtained.

In the Yin and Shang Dynasties, there were more oracle bone inscriptions, and the number of bronze inscriptions was actually not many, and the content was very short, most of which were family emblems.

The bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty are richer in content and more mature in their writing system.

This ray of wind blowing from the northwest plateau began to sweep the entire country in the gradual development, and finally achieved the 800-year-old ambition.

There are many bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and basically every piece is a national first-class cultural relic.

Although compared with the more familiar national treasures that everyone often says, they seem unknown.

But to be precise, from the level of cultural relics, the term national treasure is an irregular usage.

National first-class cultural relics are the first, and national treasures are only used to describe the preciousness of these cultural relics.

It is probably people's love for cultural relics that gave them such a name.

"There are many bronze wares recorded in the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, each of which is undoubtedly a treasure of the country. The content recorded on it has an extremely important reference for us to study the history of 3000 years ago."

Yi Ze walked slowly, and with a wave of his hand, a large cauldron emerged from the darkness.

"This is a large bronze bowl!"

"The inscription on the Great Yu Ding has 290 characters, about 3000 years ago.

It records Zhou Kangwang's instructions and rewards to the nobles. "

The big Yu Ding vessel has thick erect ears, folded edges, closed mouth, wide abdomen, obliquely flared and drooping walls, a small curvature near the outer sole of the foot, and a three-hoofed foot underneath.

The whole body of the Great Yu Ding has a cloud and thunder pattern as the ground, a belt-shaped taotie pattern on the neck, a relief-style taotie pattern on the upper part of the foot, and two weeks of convex string patterns on the lower part. It is a typical style of large and medium-sized tripods in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, majestic and dignified.

King Zhou Kang was the third monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, the grandson of Zhou Wu Wang Ji Fa, and the son of Zhou Cheng Wang Ji Song.

At first, he was crowned prince, and with the assistance of Zhao Gongshi and Bi Gonggao, he officially ascended the throne, continued to implement the policies of King Cheng of Zhou, quelled the rebellion of Dongyi, conquered land in the north, and conquered ghosts in the west to further strengthen his rule.

During the period from King Cheng of Zhou to King Kang of Zhou, the world was stable, and no punishment was used for more than 40 years, which was called "the rule of Chengkang" in history.

What is recorded on the Great Yu Ding is the political tension between Zhou Kangwang and the nobles.

With a wave of Yi Ze's hand, the big Yu Ding disappeared, and then a bronze plate appeared, its shape was a bit like the current soup plate.

This is a wall plate.

The wall dish is large in shape and well-made. The overall height is 16.2cm, the diameter is 47.3cm, and the depth is 8.6cm. There are two ears on the outside of the belly of the dish. The winding length of the bird's tail is two to three times that of the bird's body, and the extension part is separated from the bird's body. The phoenix bird pattern symbolized auspiciousness at that time, and it was the most popular and the most characteristic pattern in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Although the wall plate is not well-known, it is one of the first batch of cultural relics in China that are prohibited from going out for exhibition.

However, this simple name is probably not very familiar to many people.

"The inscriptions on the wall are 280 characters in total, about 900 years ago. They describe the important deeds of the Western Sixth King and the family background of the maker."

Yi Ze gave a brief introduction, but did not elaborate on the specific content.

As for who is the sixth king?What kind of deeds are there?For many people, it's not that important.

The important thing is to have this thing, which can prove the long history and culture of China.

At the same time as the wall panel disappeared, another cauldron emerged from the darkness.

Da Ke Ding!
Dake Dingtong is 93.1 centimeters high, 75.6 centimeters in diameter, 74.9 centimeters in belly diameter, 43 centimeters deep in belly, and weighs 201.5 kilograms.

At the mouth of the tripod, there are large double erected ears, the edge of the mouth is slightly retracted, the square lip is wide, and the abdomen is slightly bulging and drooping.

The tripod foot is slightly wider than the upper end, and the center of gravity is slightly outward, which is an important example of the evolution of the pillar foot of the Shang Dynasty into the hoof foot of the Zhou Dynasty.

On the neck of Dake Ding, there are three sets of symmetrically deformed Taotie patterns, with prominent ridges at the joints, and six out of every one;
The abdomen is decorated with a two-sided continuous big-curved pattern, also called a wave-shaped pattern, which surrounds the whole vessel for a week.

The upper part of the tripod feet is also decorated with three groups of prominent gluttonous images.

The tripod earrings have opposite dragon patterns.

The overall shape of Dake Ding is simple and simple, but the decorative patterns on it are quite exquisite, representing the extremely high level of craftsmanship at that time.

"The inscription on the Dake Ding has a total of 290 characters and is about 800 years old. It records the appointment and rewards of the king of Zhou to the ministers."

After the Da Ke Ding disappeared, a bronze plate replaced it.

These cultural relics appear one by one at this moment, making people dazzled.

But the value of each piece is immeasurable.

"This is the first disc in China, the (read) disc!"

A plate, a Western Zhou bronze ware, the first plate in China.

The disc is 20.4 centimeters high, 53.6 centimeters in diameter, 41 centimeters in diameter and 10.4 centimeters deep in the abdomen, and 4.2 centimeters in height.

The pan is a water container, which is generally used in conjunction with 匜.

It has a square lip, a folded edge, a shallow belly, ears, and a head, and four animal feet under the circle.

The abdomen and ring feet are decorated with stealing patterns, and the auxiliary head is a beast title ring.

There are 21 lines of inscriptions and 370 characters cast on the inner bottom of the plate, more than 8 years ago, recording the history of 12 generations of the Shan family assisting [-] kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty (King Wen of Zhou to King Xuan of Zhou) in campaigning, governing, and governing Linze , with a history spanning more than two hundred years.

Dupan has a clear record of the changes and chronological lineage of the royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty. For the first time, it confirms the names of the kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty recorded in "Historical Records·Zhou Benji", and tests the chronology of King Xuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty drawn up by the Xia and Western Zhou Dating Project. .

"The appearance of our bronzes, or the time to enter the Bronze Age, may not be the earliest."

Yi Ze stretched out his hand, and four bronze wares appeared at the same time, slowly rotating around him, fully revealing the exquisiteness of the bronze wares.

As the saying goes, first suppress and then rise, since the time may not be able to compare, then it is necessary to compare the achievements!
"But the brilliance achieved by our bronze wares must be unparalleled in the world!"

During the long bronze years of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the bronze ware far surpassed the fate of ordinary utensils and became a symbol of state-building and royal power.

Bronze wares at that time were not just general practical utensils, but more importantly, they were sacrificial utensils, which were sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth by the ancestors, and were used to communicate between the world and heaven.

This is also the reason why the Siyang Fangzun who appeared in the first issue said that he suppressed the national fortune of the Shang Dynasty.

Because it itself is a bridge of communication and the appeal of all the wishes of the ancestors.

Looking at the bronze wares around Yi Ze, the audience all sighed at the ancient and glorious Chinese culture.

"There has never been any nation in the world that can be like my Huaxia. After five thousand years, it still has a vigorous vitality, and our history is a true history that can be traced and traced!"

"Indeed, Westerners like to brag about their antiquity. In fact, many of their so-called antiquities are untenable, and there is no real historical data to support them. Sometimes they even forge relics, which is really embarrassing."

"Westerners always have double standards. What's so strange about this? They still don't recognize our Xia Dynasty. I'm really speechless. But there are still so many Muyang dogs in China who believe it. This is the saddest thing."

"Da Yu knew it, and wished he could directly pour the flood into their heads!"

"Ahem, do you know why there is Noah's Ark in the west? Because Dayu sent water to them, that's why the west hates us so much now."

"What you said is very reasonable, I almost believed it!"

"Your brain hole is really amazing!"

The audience chatted with great joy. In fact, when seeing these exquisite bronze wares, a sense of pride born from within filled the hearts of every audience.

Big Yu Ding, ours!
Wall plates, ours!

Dakding, ours!
The plate is still ours!

They can't wait to face the West directly, and shout: You don't!

Yi Ze naturally didn't know that the barrage had undergone such a change. He was still following the footsteps of history and continued to walk unswervingly.

"Many of the genes and characteristics of Chinese culture began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the institutional framework of China's feudal society for thousands of years was basically formed, and the concept of human relations that Chinese people had followed for thousands of years was also strengthened at that time. "

Many people may disagree with this, but many of the classics we are talking about today, such as poetry, books, rituals and music, including "Book of Changes", were produced in this era.

The entire Western Zhou Dynasty was the period when the Chinese ritual and music system was laid and the foundation of the Chinese ritual and music culture was laid.

"The difference is actually very obvious. I think everyone remembers what I said before. The ancestors of the Yin and Shang dynasties respected ghosts and gods the most. Therefore, the complex system of sacrifice and divination derived from this, so what did the Zhou people believe in?"

Yi Ze asked this question, and someone immediately typed the answer on the barrage.

"Ritual music system!"

"Confucius has been pursuing the system of rites and music all his life, self-restraint and restoration of rites, and returning to the rites of the Western Zhou Dynasty is his lifelong pursuit!"

"People of Yin respect ghosts, people of Zhou respect rituals!"

The four characters "Ritual Music System" flowed like a torrent on the barrage.

Yi Ze smiled and continued: "The people of Yin respected ghosts, while the people of Zhou valued rituals. Zhou people used a series of strict systems that cannot be violated, stipulating the dignity and inferiority of each class of the nobility, and finally formed a set of extremely complete rules for governing the country."

According to the "Li" book circulated in the future market, there are more than 3000 etiquette systems implemented in the Zhou Dynasty, and a considerable part of them are reflected in bronze inscriptions.

In the Ehou Yufang tripod unearthed later, it is recorded that a shooting ceremony held by the King of Zhou and Ehou Yufang was held.

The so-called shooting ceremony refers to the competition of bow and arrow according to certain rules.

Under the military pressure of Zhou Wang's southern expedition, Ehou Yufang deliberately showed weakness in this shooting ceremony to please Zhou Wang.

Of course, this was a "friendly" interaction between the King of Zhou and the local tribal leaders.

"Among the beautiful music of bells and drums, the ritual and music system greatly enhanced the cohesion among the royal family and nobles. Influenced by the ritual and music system, enfeoffment, last time, war, contract, etc. gradually became the main content of the inscription, as A symbol of personal and family merit and political status."

And in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there are also good wishes of the ancestors.

They hope that these utensils can be handed down forever, so at the end of the inscription, there is usually a sentence such as "children and grandchildren Yongbao use".

"The development and prosperity of the society greatly promoted the communication and exchanges between people. During this period, the number of single characters used in bronze inscriptions increased significantly, especially the pictophonetic characters, which gained a dominant position in the history of Chinese character development. It's time to begin!"

"Pictophonetic characters reached 80% at the end of the Warring States period. That is to say, at that time, the Chinese writing system was basically formed, and it was not much different from the Hanzi we use now."

Behind Yi Ze, golden inscriptions kept appearing.

It can be seen that some characters can be recognized by everyone even without introduction.

For example, "Fu"!
It is quite conspicuous in the bronze inscriptions, and people can see the meaning of the word at a glance.

And Yi Ze continued to walk on this splendid epic forged by words.

"Brilliant characters, majestic temple implements, how did the ancestors forge a glorious civilization? After experiencing the baptism of the war of vassal hegemony, what changes have taken place in the once splendid characters?"

……

(End of this chapter)