Dialogue between ancient and modern: I create programs, national treasures have spirits

Chapter 144 Alien Characters
Yi Ze's voice seemed unpretentious.

There is no need to pour too much emotion into it. A few simple words, combined with the background behind it, are enough to make people sink their eyes into this mysterious past.

People's pursuit and yearning for mystery has never been erased.

As big as the stars in the universe, as small as the dust of the world, they are full of people's pursuit of the unknown and mysterious.

Because of the inner desire for mystery, people invented telescopes that can look up at the astronomy, trying to use a combination of large and small lenses to spy on the mysteries of the universe.

In ancient times, because of people's curiosity about the unknown, various myths and legends were born.

Such as Moon Palace, Chang'e, Jade Rabbit and so on.

Today, with advanced technology, people have the ability to go to the moon. The ancient legend has revealed the mystery. On the moon, there is no so-called Moon Palace Chang'e, only a desolate land.

Even so, when we look up at the moon at night, we can't help but imagine the beauty of Chang'e Fairy in our minds, and at the same time, we are more curious about the mystery that we have never seen before.

Human beings have never stopped exploring the unknown.

Even today with advanced technology, human beings still admire unknown problems and strive to solve all unknown areas.

For this reason, many people do not hesitate to sleep and eat, just to extend the tentacles of science to every corner of the world.

Be it macro or micro.

Even the so-called gods passed down in ancient times, in many cases, while respecting, human beings still think more about slice research.

This desire for the unknown and mysterious, rooted in the depths of human genes, has influenced generation after generation of people to devote themselves to various fields and study diligently.

Even in early childhood, the same is true.

For example, children often wonder why the sun rises in the east and sets in the west?
Why doesn't the moon come out during the day?
Why doesn't water flow from low to high?

Why do people get sick and why do they need injections?

Why does the car move by itself?
How did you come here?

Many problems have already appeared when knowledge is not yet abundant.

Even if these questions are very naive in the eyes of adults,
But there is no doubt that this is the germination of a science, a search for the truth.

Today, there are also many mysteries hidden in the history that was originally ignored by people.

Through Yi Ze's narration, one mystery after another is revealed, bringing people endless reverie.

History, in fact, is also very interesting.

But many times, before discovering these interesting places, people are usually intimidated by the boringness wrapped in history.

This is understandable, in the era of fragmented reading, most of the information people receive is fragmented.

Facing the voluminous historical records, anyone who sees them will have a numb scalp and a sense of powerlessness.

When Yi Ze was reading historical books, he could feel his eyes darken, and he could still recognize the words in front of him one by one, but when they were combined together, they became awkward and incomprehensible.

Not to mention that because of the influence of the genre of historical books, many things actually seem very fragmented.

For example, the "Historical Records" in the biography style narrates his life in the form of characters.

Each one is a biography of a character, which sounds interesting.

In fact, the characters in history all interact with each other. In the same period, there will be different major events. When biographical history books understand the pattern of the same period, they will appear quite fragmented.

The chronology, on the other hand, uses the age as a clue to record historical facts, and the advantage is that it is possible to have an overview of what happened during this period.

The disadvantages are also obvious, the characters will appear scattered, and the appearance of some characters will often make people quite confused.

Therefore, even though there are many eye-catching mysteries in history and many mysteries worth exploring, people are still quite resistant and prefer to listen to others.

Not to mention the intricate and intertwined system of writing.

Quite a headache.

There are countless treasures buried underground in the eight hundred miles of Qinchuan cultural relics.

The Guanzhong area where Fufeng County and Qishan County are located is known as Zhouyuan.

This is the birthplace of Zhou culture, and it is also a holy place for Zhou people to worship and sacrifice to the ancestors of heaven and earth.

Here, the richness of underground cultural relics is rare in the world, including a large number of heavy bronze vessels such as the world-famous Maogong Ding, Dayu Ding, Dake Ding, and wall plates.

Today, there are still rare treasures here.

Therefore, the Baoji area, including Zhouyuan, is known as the "Hometown of Bronze Ware".

And many people will be curious, these bronzes are huge in size, and casting requires extremely high craftsmanship, so how did these exquisite bronzes be cast in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties when production materials were scarce?
In Lijia Village in Zhouyuan, an archaeological discovery solved this problem.

A 3000-year-old copper casting workshop was discovered in this place.

This is, without a doubt, exciting.

Through these patterns and molds that were carefully carved by the ancients, we can see the years that were once covered in dust.

Nowadays, people usually use the lost wax method to remake the exquisite bronzes thousands of years ago. Then, how did the ancient ancestors cast the huge bronzes 3000 years ago?
Among them, there is no doubt that the Empress Wu Ding is mentioned, which was also called Simu Wu Ding in the past.

Houmuwu Ding is a rare and precious bronze cultural relic in the world. It is the largest and heaviest among all unearthed tripods so far: it weighs 832.84 kg, is 133 cm high, has a mouth length of 110 cm, a width of 78 cm, and a foot height of 46 cm. 6 cm, big enough to be used as a manger, so people also call it "manger tripod".

For such a heavy and huge bronze tripod, the general casting method is already difficult to apply, so how was it cast?
For the Houmuwu Ding, except for the tripod ears that need to be cast separately, the tripod body needs a total of 24 outer molds to assemble.

If a container of 12.7 kilograms of meltable copper is used to smelt it, it will take two or 300 people to cooperate to complete it.

The casting process of the Stepmother Wuding is very complex.

According to the observation of casting traces, the tripod body and four legs were cast as a whole.

A total of 8 pottery forms are used for the tripod body, 3 pottery forms are used for each tripod foot, and 4 pottery forms are used for the bottom and inside of the vessel.

The tripod ears are cast after the tripod body is cast.

Casting this tripod requires more than 1000 kilograms of metal raw materials.

Moreover, the production of such large-scale artifacts involves a series of complex technical problems in the process of shaping the clay mold, turning the pottery mold, and pouring the mold into the mold. At the same time, a large furnace must be equipped.

The casting of the Houmuwu Ding fully demonstrates that the bronze casting in the late Shang Dynasty was not only large in scale, but also tightly organized and meticulous in division of labor. It shows the production scale and outstanding technical achievements of the bronze casting industry in the Shang Dynasty, which is enough to represent the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty .

This is the wisdom of the ancients, even today, it is still shocking.

"During the pre-Qin period when wars were frequent, defeated captives could be executed at will. Bai Qikeng killed 20 soldiers from Zhao State, which is the most vivid example."

Behind Yi Ze, a huge bronze square tripod stood, thick, simple, and domineering.

"But there is only one kind of people who will not be killed. They are craftsmen with special skills. Once these people are captured because of the war, they will continue to serve the victorious side."

"Therefore, if you want to travel back to ancient times, you'd better learn a craft before going, such as blacksmithing, farming, weaving, etc. Even if you can't become rich and rich, at least you can live and earn a living and earn a living."

Yi Ze said with a smile, and the audience also laughed when they heard it.

"Everyone knows the three sacred books necessary for time travel."

"You don't need to know poetry and songs after time travel, but you must have special skills. After all, copied things are copied after all, and they will be exposed after a long time. Only special skills can last for a long time!"

"I know how to excavate, can I take the excavator with me after crossing?"

"Good guy, take the excavator to travel together, I think it will be regarded as a fairy descending to earth."

"Bringing a bag of Grandpa Yuan's hybrid rice seeds is more than enough to be a modern Shennong in ancient times!"

"I miss Grandpa Yuan."

"Me too."

The barrage suddenly became sad.

Yi Ze didn't know about this change, and continued to introduce the ancient culture.

"Bronze ware will show a golden and shiny color when it is just out of the oven. This is the most essential color of bronze. Each piece of exquisite bronze handicraft is reborn in the fire and becomes an important weapon in the eyes of the emperor and nobles."

Behind Yi Ze, the most essential light of bronze was restored.

The Stepmother Wu Ding, which was originally full of turquoise rust, suddenly burst into golden light at this moment.

This is the way it should be.

"These exquisite bronzes have traveled through time and space with the breath of the ancients, and have been handed down to this day. They hide their own light and become simple and real."

"The turquoise rust on it is actually the precipitation of time and the accumulation of history."

Yi Ze vividly said, "And the peak of the bronze inscriptions in the Shang and Zhou dynasties is undoubtedly the inscription of Mao Gongding, which is also known as the number one inscription in the world."

Behind Yi Ze, the golden stepmother Wu Ding disappeared, and a round tripod with three legs and two ears appeared.

The Maogong tripod is 54 cm high, 27.2 cm deep in the abdomen, 47 cm in diameter and 34.5 kg in weight. It is named after the maker Mao Gong.

The tripod has straight ears, a hemispherical abdomen, and a foot in the shape of a hoof. It is short, dignified and powerful. The rim of the tripod is also decorated with ring-shaped heavy ring patterns.

The whole shape is rich and dignified, the decoration is simple, elegant and simple, and has a strong flavor of life. It is a representative work of the tripod in the late Western Zhou Dynasty from religion to secular life.

"The inscription on Mao Gong Ding has 490 seven characters in total. Its font is strange and flying, and the atmosphere is majestic. It is the oldest and most complete bronze inscription known so far. Some scholars say that it is worth a "Shangshu"!"

The beauty of the rules and regulations shown in the bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in China makes one believe that Cangjie's double pupils have glimpsed the magic of the universe and obtained the most wonderful secrets of nature.

Bronze inscriptions have reached their peak here.

And with a raging fire, an unprecedented crisis is gradually approaching.

In 770 BC, the dog army invaded and killed King You of Zhou under Lishan Mountain.

Afterwards, King Ping of Zhou succeeded to the throne, and moved his capital to Luoyi in 770 BC in order to avoid the intrusion of the dog army.

Historically, the history before King Ping moved eastward was called the Western Zhou Dynasty, and after King Ping moved eastward, it was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The history of China has entered a new era of feudal lords vying for hegemony.

More often, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is also called the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

In this era of great change, the old system of rites and music collapsed rapidly, and the situation of disputes among nations intensified.

At this time, the characters of various countries also showed a strong regional color.

Because of the differences in the development of the various vassal states, there are great differences in the characters between the countries in terms of shape and even pronunciation.

Among them, because the Qin State was located in the hometown of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it basically preserved the characters at that time completely and inherited them very well.

However, Chu and other countries, although they retained some of them, gradually changed a lot with the passage of time.

For example, the stone drum inscriptions are inherited from the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the small seal scripts of the Qin Dynasty. They are regarded as authentic by later generations of seal script learners.

This is also a representative of Western languages ​​among the characters of the Warring States Period.

What is the so-called Western language?
Why do you want to divide it like this?

What is the basis for the division?
The writing of the Warring States period can be divided into two major systems.

Eastern and Western scripts.

From the name, it can be known that the Western language is the writing system of the Qin State.

Later generations also often call it Dazhuan.

Because it directly inherits the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it maintains a more rigorous and unified style in fonts.

Eastern scripts include the writing systems of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han, and the Central Plains. The most obvious feature is the random simplification or complexity of strokes, and the extremely chaotic shape and structure.

Among the six countries in the Central Plains, Chu State is unique.

Because the state of Chu was not dependent on the central dynasty, the culture it formed had the characteristics of boldness, that is to say, it was relatively bold.

The ancestors of Chu used their dexterous hands and eclectic imagination to create exquisite bronze art.

They also created a rather unique font - Bird and Worm Book.

The bird among them refers to the three phoenixes, which is the totem of Chu State.

The structure of the bird and insect book is actually more like a kind of artistic writing, with a unique aesthetic feeling.

Due to the decline of the control ability of the Zhou Dynasty, by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, many vassal states had already experienced the phenomenon of different voices and characters. .

As a common communication tool, this phenomenon of writing will inevitably cause many inconveniences.

Behind Yi Ze, the characters belonging to the vassal states emerged.

It can be seen that there are still many differences.

In particular, the Bird and Insect Book of Chu State is basically unique and is developing in a strange direction.

"The difference between the Eastern and Western scripts is gradually increasing. Although there are certain similarities between them, as time goes by, this difference will become larger and larger."

One character with multiple characters, complicated and simplified coexistence, will undoubtedly bring inconvenience to text communication.

"However, to what extent is this kind of text alienation so shocking?"

Yi Ze asked with a smile, "Is it because they can't recognize each other anymore?"

……

(End of this chapter)