Hogwarts Gymnastics Professor

Chapter 232 Anti-French Alliance
On December [-], [-], the news of the acquittal of all members of the Capet family reached the ears of every wizard in France through magic newspapers and magic TV.

On December [-], [-], when the wizards of the French magical world wanted to hold a grand parade again, they found that they had no leader.

On December [-], [-], the Special Operations Department of the British Council of Wizards and the Red Ghost Order, with the support of Lockhart, rescued all the wizards who had been arrested for previous marches and strikes.

On December [-], [-], with the support of Lockhart, the special operations department of the British Council of Wizards and the Red Phantom Society brought various modified magic and alchemy items to the French, and took their original The leader of the people was brought among them.

The French Ministry of Magic in Paris sounded the alarm, and ordinary wizards fought elite Aurors from all over the world, controlling most of the wizarding world of Paris that night.

On December [-], [-], wizards once again conquered the Bas underground magic prison, which symbolized the dictatorship of the French Ministry of Magic, interrogated all the prisoners in detail, and released the innocent prisoners.

On December [-], [-], wizards surrounded the headquarters of the French Ministry of Magic, deployed a strict anti-apparition magic circle, and cut off all escape routes and floo networks of the French Ministry of Magic.

On December [-], [-], the headquarters of the French Ministry of Magic was captured, and all senior officials of the former Ministry of Magic were brought under control. Elite Auror captains from various countries were also arrested, as well as members of the Capet family who were hiding here.

On December 24, [-], after a five-day public trial, the patriarch of the Capet family, Hopkins Capet, and seven other members of the Capet family, the former French Minister of Magic and several senior officials were arrested. Sentenced to death.

The wizards of the French magic world adopted a very traditional method of execution. They stole the guillotine that once beheaded Louis XVI from the Paris History Museum, and then used this guillotine to execute these wizards who were sentenced to death. All beheaded.

A large part of the remaining officials belonging to the Capet family and the Ministry of Magic were also sentenced to varying sentences. Ms. Maxim, the principal of the Beauxbaton School of Magic, was sentenced to ten years in prison.

When these punishments were carried out publicly, the entire European magical world exploded, and the Ministry of Magic of European countries quickly united to form an anti-French alliance.

They launched an attack on France in the name of maintaining peace.

In history, there was also an anti-French alliance. After Louis XVI was executed, they severely attacked the French army in the name of avenging their in-laws.

In fact, on the surface, the royal families of European countries sent troops because of their marriage relationship.But all was well until the king fled to Varennes without sending a letter to his brother-in-law in Austria.

European countries were not outraged that France had become a constitutional monarchy.But when the king was cut in half by the guillotine, the nations of Europe were thrown into a panic.

It seems that the anti-French alliance is revenge for the murder of Emperor Joseph's brother-in-law. In essence, the behavior of the French nationals has set a very bad example for European countries.

There has never been a precedent in Europe where civilians could decide to kill the king on their own.Even Charles I was executed under the auspices of the nobles.

Secondly, although France has very poor relations with European countries.But it is an important part of the European feudal system in a larger context.

Immediately after the French Revolution declared the establishment of the Republic, in September, angry civilians massacred a large number of nobles.The commoners are going to try to destroy half of feudalism in Europe

.The European feudal system actually crossed national borders and was inseparable.Below this is a larger interest involved and a more complicated marriage alliance.

This is the secret that even if European countries fight each other, they will not tear their skins apart and will not kill each other.After the French Revolution, all churches were immediately required to hand over their real estate immediately, which touched the bottom line of the Pope; the privileges of the nobility were completely abolished.

This made landowners in European countries panic, and a large number of farmers fled, especially landowners on the French border; without the alliance with France, the safety of the western border had to be put on the agenda of Emperor Shinra;
For the original creditors of the French king, especially foreign financiers and domestic nobles in robes, a large amount of principal and interest was in vain, and they began to support the French reactionary forces to their death.

A total of seven anti-French alliances have been established in history.

It was an alliance formed by European countries from 1793 to 1815 to fight against the emerging bourgeois France.The first anti-French alliance and the second anti-French alliance were to fight against the First French Republic; the subsequent five alliances were to fight against the French First Empire under Napoleon.

The Anti-French Coalition and France have been at war for more than 20 years.The wars between the first and second anti-French alliances and the French Republic were called the French Revolutionary Wars, and the wars between the last five alliances and the French Empire were called the Napoleonic Wars.

The first five anti-French alliances all ended in failure, and France ruled by Napoleon became the hegemony of the European continent and flourished for a while.

The Sixth Anti-French Coalition achieved victory and overthrew the First French Empire, while Napoleon was exiled to Elba Island and restored the Bourbon Dynasty, which had perished in French history.The Seventh Anti-French Coalition completely defeated Napoleon, who had made a comeback.

Of course, there are all countries that have cooperated with France.But from the overall point of view, many people think that this is an act of France as a country against the whole of Europe.

Therefore, many people say: Napoleon and Hitler did almost the same thing, why are the evaluations of the two very different?
Here, Lockhart thinks it is necessary to explain the difference between Napoleon and Hitler.

Just like surgeons and criminals, they both touch people with knives, but they are obviously not the same thing.The gap between Napoleon and Hitler has nothing to do with war, but lies in the progress and regression of guiding ideology.

Europe in 1815 and Europe in 1799 are two different Europes; Europe in 1945 and Europe in 1933 are also two different Europes.Most of these changes are related to Napoleon and Hitler, and the progress and retrogression of the changes are also clear at a glance.

First is the legal aspect:

Both Napoleon himself and his descendants believe that the most outstanding achievement of the Napoleon regime is the compilation of five codes, not one.

Among them, the "Civil Code" is the most important one. Napoleon personally participated in the discussion of most of the articles of this law, also known as the "Napoleonic Code".There are also the "Commercial Code" and "Criminal Code". These written codes have become the legal norms of modern capitalist legal society.

Continental Europe at that time was a feudal autocratic society, especially in France.Napoleon's five laws established a basic principle of the French Revolution: all (male) citizens are equal before the law!
It also protects private property, maintains the right to freely choose jobs, and protects farmers' land interests.These can be said to be the pioneering actions of the revolutionary era. These theories were not first proposed by Napoleon, but he was the first to establish these theoretical achievements of Enlightenment in the form of law.

Afterwards, Napoleon extended the results of these changes to the whole of France and the dependent countries of the French Empire, thereby completely changing Europe. He called himself the standard-bearer of the Great Revolution, and later generations called him the son of the Great Revolution, which is undoubtedly tenable.

Secondly, Napoleon really promoted the progress of Europe.

In the areas incorporated into the French Empire, the Napoleonic system continued until after 1815.In the Netherlands, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples and some German states, the Napoleonic Code remained for a long time.

Even in those parts of Spain where these codes were elaborated, it exerted considerable influence on the laws that replaced it.Napoleon's efficient bureaucratic system was also learned by other countries.

Napoleon adopted the direct appointment of officials by the central government, broke the blood lineage of the feudal system, and won the appreciation and emulation of the rulers of other countries.In the field of social change, serfdom was abolished.

At that time, only Britain and France had few remnants of serfdom, while Central and Eastern Europe was still in the era of serfdom in the Middle Ages and was very backward.

A typical example is Prussia. After Prussia was defeated by France, the king was greatly stimulated and learned from the painful experience. In 1807, serfdom was abolished.The bourgeois ideology of equality and private property has also been implemented to a certain extent, and the social models of these countries have undergone earth-shaking changes.

All these make it possible for the political system in 1815 to return to the form before the Great Revolution, but the social change has been irreversible.In fact, after 1815 reform and revolutionary movements began throughout Europe.

The British radical movement and the "Peterloo massacre", the French uprisings one after another, the German Confederation created a constitution and a parliament, the Italian unification movement, the independence of Belgium and Greece, the Polish uprising, the "Decembrist uprising" in Tsarist Russia, until the 1848 revolution Europe again.

What has long been overlooked is that Napoleon also deeply influenced territories outside Europe.Napoleon's Egyptian campaign inspired the Egyptian rulers to carry out modern reforms. This is the "Father of Egypt" Muhammad Ali.

The Battle of the Peninsula shook the rule of Spain and Portugal in Latin America, and the independence fighters Bolivar and Sucre followed the example of Napoleon to fight for national liberation.For a long time after Napoleon's death, his thoughts have not subsided, and they have successively influenced revolutionary leaders in Asia and Africa.

Third, although Napoleon's practices and thoughts had certain limitations, they did not affect his greatness.

What Napoleon was criticized for was that he established a military dictatorship, which violated the liberal principles of the French Revolution, and made the French Empire deeply branded with the concept of autocracy.For example, the suppression of freedom of speech and disregard for women's rights are all facts.

However, Lockhart believes that to evaluate a historical figure, one should look at it from the perspective of its era, rather than judging it from the perspective of a modern God.

The French Revolution was originally a radical idealistic revolution, and its achievements cannot all be realized at once. Napoleon’s regime still has the color of the old system, but it is undeniable that he pushed France and Europe a big step forward.

His promotion made it impossible for Europe to return to the situation in 1789.Whether voluntary or not, future generations can only move forward on his basis.

We now use electricity and nuclear power, but this does not affect the epoch-making role of the first industrial revolution brought about by steam power.Similarly, the establishment of a social model of freedom, democracy and equality in some modern regions does not affect the advanced nature of the ideas of the Great Revolution spread by the Napoleonic Code.

Will Point Durant said in his book "A History of World Civilization":
In the lands Napoleon conquered, he ended feudalism, ended the Church's control over people's lives, and introduced the Code of Law and a few glimmers of the Enlightenment.However, after he gave the dowry to these countries, he then gave it to his newly appointed king.

Hitler's conquests, on the other hand, showed the confusion of his lack of guiding ideology.

Napoleon's guiding ideology was the French Revolution, and the idea of ​​the Great Revolution had a large number of Enlightenment philosophers to prepare it; Hitler's communism had no "thinkers."

As a matter of fact, the Communist Party is based on the facts first, and the Communist dictator relies entirely on experience, and takes one step at a time. In fact, his conquests have always had a code.

Whether or not there is a thought is the first priority concerning the future of the revolution.

Hitler's worldview was very chaotic, a strange fusion of simple and popular social Darwinism, Wagnerian romanticism, Fichte philosophy and Machiavellianism, similar to the minimum requirements of some kind of complex totality, and above this requirement, there can be more Change of mind.

He pursues racism and believes that politics is the struggle between races. Germans are superior races. The superiority of the German race gives legitimacy to its rule. The economic field pursues nationalism, but his nationalism is completely different from socialism. Rather, it stems from the camaraderie of front-line soldiers and patriotic workers during the war, and Hitler's hatred of socialism.

No matter from the point of view at that time or now, this idea is very primitive and inferior, which destined him to be a destroyer rather than a builder.Both warlords and great men will launch wars to establish peace and expand the living space of the country, but their thoughts and actions are very different.

Napoleon's conquest was welcomed by the common people of all countries at the beginning, because he, as a liberator, hated serfdom and helped the common people free themselves from traditional debts and bondage.

Hitler, on the other hand, imprisoned civilians to abuse and torture them, and distributed them to labor camps everywhere. Most of them were starving and almost incapable of working. In the end, the whole of Europe was impoverished, lacked resources, dilapidated buildings, and social disintegration.

Now, the Ministry of Magic in various European countries is slandering the French Revolutionary Army as a Hitler-like group, and Lockhart is going to publish an article to justify their name.

　The book is about to be finished, and the new book "The Rebellious Monkey King" has been uploaded. I hope all readers can take a look.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)