Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 223

Politics
Among Wan Yanyong's various reforms, the reform of the administration of officials was the most important.His bureaucratic reform content:
One is to appoint people on their merits and talents, without emphasizing seniority.Wan Yanyong, employing people according to seniority is only treating ordinary people, how can they stick to routines for those with extraordinary talents!According to this idea, during his reign, the court appointed some petty officials with humble backgrounds.For example, it turned out that he was just a governor of the governor's mansion. Shizong learned of his achievements and suggested making great use of him.But according to his highest qualifications, he can only be a Hanlin direct bachelor.Sejong thought that this was not enough to give full play to his talents, so he sent him to serve as a transit envoy on Zhongdu Road, and later he was promoted to prime minister.

The second is that the promotion of officials is based on political performance, and it is opposed to follow the rules.Once, Jin Shizong went to Shangjing, and all the states and counties he passed through all the way recruited many civilians to overhaul bridges and roads to win Jin Shizong's favor.Only Tongzhi Beijing (now Lingyuan West, Liaoning) stayed behind Liu Huan, and only sent a small number of people to make the road smoother.Wan Yanyong thought that Liu Huan had done a good job, so he promoted him to Liaodong Road Transit Envoy.It is precisely because he selected and promoted officials based on their political achievements that a group of politically accomplished, upright and clean officials emerged during his reign.

The third is that officials should resign when they reach a certain age.He believes that people are always lacking in energy in their old age, so he stipulated that the ministers of the court should "promise to resign at sixty", that is, they are allowed to resign at the age of 60.In addition to the above points, his reforms in the administration of officials also included clear rewards and punishments for officials, frequent exchanges between central and local officials, etc., all of which achieved good results.The reform of the administration of officials guaranteed Jin Shizong's political and economic reforms.

While reforming the administration of officials, Wan Yanyong also carried out reforms in terms of official system and legal system.Wan Yanyong's newly established official system, with Shang Shuling, the left and right prime ministers and Ping Zhangzhengshi as the prime minister, and the left and right prime ministers and Shen Zhizhengshi as the ruling officials.Increasing the number of prime ministers can disperse the power of the prime ministers to centralize power in the emperor alone, and also allow more officials to participate in political affairs.

In terms of the legal system, Wan Yanyong advocated following the good.He believes that the old legal provisions are inappropriate and should be changed. If the laws of the Tang and Song dynasties are available, they should be used.He also said to his subordinates: "When formulating legal provisions, don't just follow the old laws, and some provisions are still difficult for people to understand. The laws of the past dynasties are constantly being revised and supplemented. Knowing the law but breaking the law. Wouldn’t it be better to delete and modify those difficult provisions so that the people can understand them at a glance? The law should be revised to make everyone understand.” During the Dading period, the laws of the Jin Dynasty were revised and became more improved.

military
When Sejong was in power, he started to reform the military system of the Jin Dynasty, Menganmou restraint.In the seventh year of Dading (1167), in view of the fact that Sejong merged Meng'an Muke in the past and those who had no merits in Hailing were all dismissed, so many dereliction of duty, according to Sijing's request, "quantity The principle of "use of materials" has revived some Menganmouke as a method of expanding Menganmouke.In the 15th year of Dading (1175), due to the confusion of the household registration system in Meng'an Mouke, ten people, including Pucha Wuhu, a doctor from the Ministry of Officials, were sent to branch the country in October. No more than [-] households can be conquered, and seven to ten schemes can be used to set up a fierce security."

In addition, since Xizong and Hailing established the feudal centralized politics, Meng'an Mouke often served as another post. Therefore, in the 17th year of Dading (1177), some new regulations were made on the inheritance system. If Meng Anmou Ke is an official, although he is not yet sixty years old, if he wants to order his descendants to attack him, listen."In addition, for "the father holds a different position", the son must be over 25 years old to inherit Meng'an Mouke.This regulation is also based on consolidating the status and role of Meng'an Mouk.

In the 20th year of Dading (1180), on the one hand, "Since the ancestors pacified the world, the establishment of Meng'an Mouke has been followed for a long time. During this period, there are complicated and simple household registrations, and the distances of the land are different. Since Zhenglong, it has been granted endlessly." On the other hand, because of "the great time, there are also those who have made too much contribution."So he made a "new appointment" work for Meng'an Mouke, and at the same time ordered "the new grantor, and ordered him to seal it".

It also stipulates that Xu Yi's relatives who have given meritorious service to the hereditary Mouke will follow: "Meng'an must not exceed ten households, and Mouke must not exceed six households." "When the land is given, all but nine cows will be given, and for those who have more than ten but less than forty cows, the family of Gong Hao will allocate six land to them."In the 24th year of Dading (1184), in order to "emphasize its power", it was awarded to the kings under the name of Meng'an Mouke, in order to maintain the old customs of Jurchen.In addition, rectification was also carried out in terms of economic organization, restricting the sale of land and slaves, prohibiting the occupation of land outside the limit, strengthening the production management of Meng'an Mouke, rewarding "aggregation of seeds, "self-planting", and ordering Meng'an Mouke. Self-preservation , whose fields are similar to those of the people's fields, and they exchange for each other."As a result, Meng'an Mouk could not be mixed with the people, so as to achieve the concentration of military power.

经济
Recuperate
In order to recuperate with the people and stabilize the social order, Wan Yanyong issued a marsh order to exempt slaves, which increased the enthusiasm for production.He also adopted a series of measures such as emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, rewarding wasteland reclamation, further opening up forbidden land, implementing rewards for those who increased production and penalties for those who decreased production, and developed agriculture and animal husbandry.For areas affected by floods and droughts, the method of reducing or exempting taxes has been implemented to reduce the burden on the people and stabilize the mood of production.Wan Yanyong himself advocated frugality, paid attention to the construction of water conservancy, and encouraged the development of handicraft production among the people.Therefore, starting from the Dading period, the economy of the Jin Dynasty has been fully restored and developed.

meter dictation field
Wan Yanyong tried to continue to maintain the system of dictation of land and protect the special rights and interests of Jurchen Meng'an Mouke households.Since Wan Yanquan, the dictation land system was implemented in the Central Plains for Jurchen Meng'an Mouke households. Due to the influence of the old feudal production relations in the Central Plains and the complete severance of the source of slaves supplemented by war captives, it gradually evolved into a feudal tenancy system.Some Meng'anmouke households began to sell their slaves, resulting in fewer people cultivating the land, so they had to lease the land they had been granted to Han farmers for cultivation.Other Jurchen Meng'an Mouke households did not return to farm the fields they were granted after the war, but directly sublet them to Han farmers.There are also some impoverished Jurchen households who sold the land they were granted to the "rich people".The Jurchen households in Meng'an Muke were divided into classes, and those Jurchen households who were sitting on land rent were transformed into feudal landlords.The phenomenon that the Jurchen nobles and bureaucratic landlords occupied or pretended to occupy official land was also becoming more and more serious.

Dading Tongbao
Wan Yanyong tried to prevent the transformation of production relations into the feudal tenancy system. In the 21st year of Dading (1181), he issued an edict prohibiting the sale of slaves and maidservants in the Central Plains to sublet land.In the following year (1182), he also stipulated that once a Meng'an household who did not cultivate by himself was found, the stick would be sixty;

For noble landowners to occupy official land, Wan Yanyong sent personnel to various places to seize official land in the 19th and 21st years of Dading.The original intention of Kuotian is to distribute the included land to the poor, and continue to implement the old system of dictating land to Meng'an Mouke households who have no land but little land.However, in actual implementation, the land of some small landlords and farmers was forcibly confiscated, and the land was more concentrated in the hands of the government and Jurchen aristocratic bureaucratic landlords, which accelerated the development of feudal tenancy relations.

Pass inspection push
At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, households were registered once every three years, and their population, slavery, land and assets were checked, and households were arranged based on this, material resources (property tax) were collected, and servants were collected.However, the nobles, bureaucrats and landowners concealed their property in various ways to evade taxation, while poor households paid heavy taxes.

In order to change the phenomenon of uneven taxation and labor, in the fourth year of Dading (1164), Sejong ordered to divide the roads to check the world's material resources. Because of the different standards, the roads were uneven, and the people could not bear it.The following year, the "Land Inspection and Land Grade Tax Law" was promulgated to unify the standards of various industries, and the phenomenon of uneven weight began to change.

In the 15th year of Dading (1175), it has been ten years since the last inspection, but the tax and labor were still uneven. Sejong ordered to split the money and materials, and the procedures were simpler than the inspection.With the class differentiation within the Meng'an Muke household, the taxes and servitude of the landlords, farmers and herdsmen also began to be seriously uneven.In the 20th year of Dading, starting from Zhongdu, it was also implemented in Meng'an Mouke households, and it was extended to the whole country two years later. taxes and servitude.

In the 26th year of Dading and the eighth year of Zhang Zongtaihe (1208), the Jin Dynasty also carried out this kind of promotion.Although there are some disturbances in the process of inspection and promotion by officials to increase material resources, it has played a positive role in equalizing national taxes and labor, ensuring national income, and alleviating social conflicts.

When Jin Shizong Wanyanyong was in power, he continued the Sinicization policy since Jin Xizong and Hailing King culturally.At the beginning of his accession to the throne, many ministers persuaded him to return to Huining Mansion in Beijing, but due to the persuasion of Li Shi, Zhang Xuansu, Du Jiyi and others, Sejong finally decided to use Zhongdu as the capital and still insist on the Han Dynasty.He entrusted Yishiju and other Han officials with a heavy responsibility to continue reforming the Jin Dynasty's regulations and cultural relics in accordance with the Tang and Song systems.At the same time, Sejong also attached great importance to the cultivation of talents and the selection of scholars through imperial examinations. In the fourth year of Dading (1164), Wan Yanyong ordered: "Jinshi who are excellent in literature and literature are selected, and there is no limit on the number of people."

In the sixth year of Dading (1166), Taixue began to be set up. There were only 160 students at first, and then it grew to 400.In the 16th year of Dading (1176), [-] government schools were set up, with thousands of students.Jin Shizong not only required the number one scholar and Jinshi to be talented, but also to have good character.He stipulated that if the champion has bad conduct, he should be removed.In the case of the champion, one must first visit his character in the village, and only with good character can he be treated as the champion.During the reign of Emperor Shizong, the imperial examination system has developed and improved from the number of people to the examination subjects to the quality of the examinations.A large part of the officials came from the imperial examinations.The imperial examinations in the Sejong Dynasty were extremely strict. The Jurchen soldiers "undressed the candidates and stretched their ears and noses" to prevent cheating.The development of the imperial examination system recruited talents for the Jin Dynasty government and further enriched the ruling group.

In addition, Jin Shizong himself is also familiar with Chinese classics, and he respects Confucianism in governing the country. He advocates "people-oriented", understands the feelings of the people, and cherishes the power of the people. "Whenever I eat, I often think that the poor are hungry and hungry, and I am still in myself."Every time he goes hunting in spring and autumn, Sejong strictly prohibits his followers from disturbing the place, and he is not allowed to ask for the necessary items from the people, and recruits husbands and hires them with money.During the reign of Dading, the Yellow River broke through year after year, and disasters followed year after year. Sejong was always able to persist in providing relief and spared no effort.He admired Confucianism, obeyed ethics, was strict with self-discipline, and advocated thrift.

"Although I am old, I never tire of hearing goodness. Confucius said that seeing goodness is as good as not being late, and seeing badness is like exploring soup. What a big word!" There are no decorations, but the filial piety of the Han Dynasty is pure and frugal.I am afraid of going too far in the palace." He "always admired the ancient emperors and accepted remonstrance with an open mind." It’s too complicated, so there’s nothing missing.” “Qing, etc., just say that I will change it, and I will not be stingy. "

From the admonishing Tang Taizong and the upright and outspoken Wei Zheng, he has always been the role model he often mentions for the political country.He is familiar with history books, pays attention to taking history as a mirror, and revises politics. He often talks with his ministers about the past and the present, discusses the ups and downs of historical events, and comments on the gains and losses of characters. "I can't understand the Bible (Confucian classics) deeply. As for historical biography, it is always beneficial to open the book." Under his advocacy, the culture of the Jin Dynasty continued to be sinicized, and his crown prince Wanyan Yungong "learned books and wanted to change the customs of barbarians, Practice Chinese etiquette and music like Wei Xiaowen."

However, Jin Shizong opposed the overall Sinicization. He believed that absorbing too much Han culture would degenerate the Jurchen people and lose their martial nature. The "Jurchen Cultural Revival Movement". [11] Jin Shizong once expressed this idea to Yi Lazijing, a Khitan man who advised the right doctor: "After the death of Liao Dynasty, I do not forget the old customs. I think it is true. Hailing learned the customs of the Han people because he forgot his origin. If we follow the old customs of the country With the wind, the surroundings can be safe, and this is a long-term plan.”

Jin Shizong Wan Yanyong was a staunch defender of the Jurchen national tradition. He worked hard and spared no effort to preserve the Jurchen culture.Sejong often warned the Jurchen nobles like this: "The old style of female straightness is the most pure...you should learn from it, and the old style should not be forgotten." [8] Once, Sejong, Prince Yungong and others went to the Palace of Ruisi , ordered the singer to sing in Jurchen language, and then said to the crown prince and the kings: "I think about what the previous dynasty did, and I have not forgotten it for a while, so I listen to this word, and I want you to know it.  … Embody my will, and as for your descendants, you should also obey my teachings."

The heart of fist and fist is beyond words.What worried Sejong the most was that since Hailing moved to the south, the new generation of Jurchens had gradually forgotten their national traditions. He once confided this concern to the court chief executive: "Huining is the place where the country prospers and the king, since the Hailing The mausoleum was moved to Yong'an, and the female straight people have forgotten the old customs. I have seen the custom of female straight at the time, and I have never forgotten it. Today's swallows drink music, all of them follow the Han style, and it is also used to prepare for etiquette. It is not my heart. The East Palace does not know the custom of female straight, The first reason is that I still have it. It is not a long-term solution to fear that this trend will change in different times. I really want to go to Huining so that the children and grandchildren can see the old customs and follow them."

Later, Sejong really fulfilled his long-cherished wish.In March of the 24th year of Dading (1184), Sejong led the princes and grandsons back to Huining Mansion in Shangjing to find their roots, and built the "Great Gold Victory Tuo Ode Stele" in the place where Taizu Wanyan Aguda raised his troops to promote the national spirit of Jurchen .It was not until September of the following year that Sejong and his party returned to Zhongdu.In addition, Sejong also vigorously advocated that people learn and use Jurchen language and Jurchen script.The establishment of Jurchen calligraphy, the creation of the Jurchen Jinshi Department, and the translation of Confucian classics in Jurchen big and small characters are several important measures for the revival of Jurchen culture during the Sejong period.At the beginning of Emperor Sejong's reign, Jurchen calligraphy schools were promoted all over the country, "choosing the children of the good family in Meng'an Mouke as students, and there are as many as 3000 people from all walks of life", and later customized "Two people are selected for each Mouke".

In the 13th year of Dading (1173), Jurchen Guozixue was founded, and later Jurchen Taixue was established.The main purpose of Sejong's establishment of Jurchen calligraphy is to promote and popularize Jurchen characters in small and large characters, so as to preserve the cultural traditions of the Jurchen people.Sejong also established the Jurchen Scholars Division in the 13th year of Dading (1173), using Jurchen big characters to test strategies and Jurchen small characters to test poems, and selected 27 people under Tu Shanyi.

The establishment of the Jurchen Jinshi Department was not only to preserve the Jurchen culture, but also contained Sejong's intention to develop the Jurchen culture into a cultural system that could rival the Han culture.He once said to Wanyan Shoudao, Prime Minister Zuo: "Khitan characters are old, and the poems written by them have profound meanings. Why didn't they set up Khitan Jinshi imperial examinations at that time? Although there is a Nvzhizi department now, it is considered that Nvzhizi is being created. It's not as profound as Chinese characters, and I'm afraid it will be discussed by future generations." Shou Dao replied: "Chinese characters may not be able to be like this at the beginning, and they will be gradually improved by the sages of the past dynasties. It can also be written with the Han people."

The translation of Confucian classics into Jurchen texts is another contribution of Sejong to the construction of Jurchen culture.Since the fourth year of Dading (1164), Emperor Shizong issued an edict to translate Chinese classics, and successively translated Zhouyi, Shangshu, Analects, Mencius, Spring and Autumn, The Book of Filial Piety, Laozi, and "Wen Zhongzi", "Liu Zi", "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "New Tangshu", "Zhenguan Zhengyao" and more than ten kinds, these translations were issued as textbooks of Jurchen calligraphy to all parts of the country.

Translating Confucian classics in Jurchen characters is the best way to reflect Sejong's cultural propositions. On the one hand, he actively advocated the study of Jurchen language and characters, and on the other hand, he admired Confucian ethics and moral concepts.In his opinion, the traditional virtues of Jurchen's simplicity and Confucianism are very consistent with the values ​​of Confucianism. He once said to people: "The old style of female straight is the purest. , receiving guests, trusting friends, courtesy and music, all come out of nature, and their kindness is no different from that recorded in ancient books."

From this point of view, Sejong was very willing to accept Confucian culture. He once "given the guarding army to the inspection department with a thousand volumes of the "Book of Filial Piety" in female straight characters", and said to Zaizhi: "I ordered the translators of the Five Classics to I just want straight women to know where benevolence, righteousness and morality lie."

His purpose is to transplant Confucian ethics and moral concepts into Jurchen culture, not to let Jurchens abandon their own national culture and accept Han culture.In addition, he also prohibited Jurchens from using Chinese surnames, imitating southerners (Song people) attire, advocating riding and shooting, etc. It can be seen that Jin Shizong's painstaking efforts to revive Jurchen culture and prevent complete Sinicization.

People
During the Jin Shizong era, the "Jurchen-oriented" ethnic policy was implemented, and discrimination and oppression were carried out against the Han, Khitan and other ethnic groups.He not only maintained the old customs of the Jurchens culturally, and prevented the Jurchens from being fully Sinicized, but also repeatedly included the land of the Han people in the households of Meng'an Muke in the economic policy of enclosing households, which led to conflicts between the Han people and the Jurchens.At that time, Shangshu Youcheng Tang Kuo Anli was a Sinicized Jurchen. In order to save the Jurchen military households, Shizong wanted to sign the Han tenants to join the army, and distribute the official land they occupied to the Jurchen. Anli remonstrated: "Meng'an The people and the Han households are all in the same family today, and they are all people from the country who are cultivating the fields. If they sign the army today, it may hinder farming."

After hearing this, Shizong didn't take it seriously, and scolded Anli, saying: "I said that you are knowledgeable, and you are dedicated to serving the Han people in everything. If you have nothing to do, you can do farming, and you can get into disputes with the people of the Song Dynasty. If the country has something to do, you can do farming in your spare time?  … ...The so-called family members are all of the same type, and the female straight and the Han people are actually two. When I ascended the throne, the Khitan and Han people will not go, but the female straight people will come together. Can this be called the same type?" He also said: "I miss you day and night, So that the achievements of the Emperor Taizu will not fall, and it will be passed on to the world, and the female straight characters will not be trapped. Qing and others know." From Shizong's remarks, it can be seen that he clearly distinguished the Han people from the Jurchens, and did not treat them equally as "people of the country." ", and reflected his narrow ethnic policy of favoring the Jurchens.

Jin Shizong also adopted a policy of suppression against the Khitan people.After he ascended the throne, he began to actively quell the rebellion of the Khitan people (the Yila Wowo Rebellion).He changed Wan Yanliang's strategy of killing with all his strength, and instead used both suppression and appeasement.He used many Khitan officials to divide and disintegrate the rebel army, rewarded the rebels who surrendered, and resolutely suppressed those who refused to surrender, and finally quelled the Khitan uprising.For the Khitan people, he also implemented an assimilation policy, ordering them to move to Shangjing and other places, and live together with the Jurchens.

Sejong's attitude towards the Khitan people can be clearly seen from the following dialogue: Once, Sejong said to the court officials about the Khitan people: "During the Hailing period, the Khitan people were especially trusted, and they eventually rebelled. He Shou, Prince Consort Saiyi, Zhaowu General Shu Lugu, and Jinwuwei General Pudu were all killed. After Saiyi and others were all meritorious officials, he never had any grudges against Khitan when he was an official, and his ambition is also evident." Shangshu Youcheng Tang Kuo Anli replied: "The Holy Lord Pu loves the world, and his sons nurture all nations. There should be no distinction." , Khitan is willing to have one heart with me?"

外交
Relationship with Song

After Jin Shizong came to the throne, because he mainly dealt with the Khitan rebellion, he took a defensive position against Song Dynasty.He first declared to the Southern Song Dynasty that the southern invasion was Wan Yanliang's mistake, and he hoped to act in accordance with the Shaoxing peace agreement again.Secondly, he exercised restraint in the military actions of the Southern Song Dynasty and did not fight back.After the uprising of the Khitan people was quelled, Wan Yanyong took a tough attitude towards the Southern Song Dynasty again. First, he defeated the Song army in Sichuan and Shaanxi, and then gradually regained the land lost by Wan Yanliang after his southern invasion.

In the third year of Dading (1163), Jin Shizong repelled Song Xiaozong's Longxing Northern Expedition, re-concluded the Longxing Peace Agreement with Song Dynasty, made concessions on the peace treaty, changed Song Dynasty's title of minister to Jin as Uncle, and changed Sui Gong to Sui currency, and reduced by 10.But the lands of Qinzhou and Shangzhou in Song Dynasty were cut off.Jin Shizong refused to give in to the Southern Song Dynasty's request to change the etiquette of the Song Dynasty emperor's acceptance of the Jin Guoshu and Henan's land requirements.The Longxing peace talks kept the Jin and Song Dynasties in a state of peace for more than 40 years.

Relations with Mongolia
Regarding the Mongolian (Tatar) tribes in the north, Wan Yanyong regarded it as a confidant's trouble. He often sent troops to "Jading", that is, to eliminate some strong men, and built trenches and forts.However, this move accelerated the re-differentiation and combination of Mongolian tribes, and added a catalyst for the unification of Mongolian tribes.

Relations with Xixia and Goryeo
Xixia and Goryeo were vassal states on the east and west sides of the Jin Dynasty respectively. When Jin Sejong was in power, the two countries had troubles one after another. Jin Sejong adopted a policy of non-interference, showing his diplomatic wisdom.

At that time, the Western Xia Prime Minister Ren Dejing monopolized power, and the royal family was emptied. In the tenth year of Dading (1170), Ren Dejing's division of the country occurred. Li Renxiao, the Western Xia Renzong, begged Ren Dejing, who had become the king of Chu, to be entrusted to the Jin Dynasty. Shizong asked the prime minister about this matter, and the minister ordered Li Shi and others to allow it on the grounds of not interfering in his domestic political affairs.Sejong believed that it was not the original intention of the king of Xixia to protect the integrity of the subjects of Xixia. It is the father, and then Xi ordered you to bow, to be kind and generous, to be three years old, to practice the etiquette of the vassals, and to stick to the traditions passed down from the past."Later, Li Renxiao punished Ren Dejing and his henchmen, and expressed his gratitude. Since then, Jin Xia lived in peace.

In the tenth year of Dading (1170), a rebellion broke out in the neighboring country of the Jin Dynasty, Koryo. The warriors Zheng Zhongfu and Li Yifang launched a rebellion. Establish a military regime.Goryeo informed Jin Sejong that Wang Hao gave way to Wang Hao. Jin Sejong knew about the treachery and disagreed with the canonization of Wang Hao. Finally, he still adopted a non-interference policy and canonized Wang Hao, so that the relationship between Jinli and Jinli could develop steadily.At that time, the Koryo military regime was also unstable. In the 14th year of Dading (1174), Zhao Weichong, who was left behind in Xijing, raised his troops and submitted to the Jin Dynasty.

This is undoubtedly a god-sent opportunity to expand the territory and territory, but Sejong refused and took an attitude of never supporting the rebellion.After the rebellion was put down, Goryeo expressed his thanks.Once, one of the two jade belts that Goryeo paid tribute was made of stone. The officials asked to punish Goryeo, but Jin Shizong said: "If a small country can't distinguish it, it is mistaken for jade ears. And people are not easy to get things, but virtue is the thing. However, how polite is that?” It is precisely because of Jin Sejong’s demeanor and non-interference policy that the good-neighborly and friendly relations between the Jin Dynasty and Koryo continued to develop without being affected by the current situation.

社会
Anti-Three Winds

Wan Yanyong paid attention to the use of "heavy codes" in the prosperous age, vigorously purged the official style, and launched a rectification movement with "anti-three winds" as the main content during the Dading period.

Anti-gambling style.Gambling was prevalent in the Jin Dynasty. In order to prohibit officials from gambling, in the 18th year of Dading (1178), Wan Yanyong formulated the "Law of Officials Offending Gambling".The law stipulates: "If the stolen goods are less than fifty guan, the staff will be redeemed; for the second offender, the staff will be punished." Penance is allowed, and rods are to be executed.

Talk about love style instead.In the Jin Dynasty, it was common for officials to protect each other and bend the law for personal gain.Wan Yanyong was well aware that this practice was very harmful to the ruling order, so he issued orders to ban it many times and personally intervened in some outstanding cases.In November of the 15th year of Dading (1175), the Jiedu envoy of the ancient Tang tribe killed the son of Mao De and fled his wife. Wuyu ordered a hunt.After the capture, the emperor's aunt, Princess Liang, was entrusted to intercede for her, but Wan Yanyong refused, and reprimanded: "Princess and wife, if you don't know the code, your crime can be forgiven. Mao has asked you to come here, how can you forgive me." Dading 26 years (1186), Tao Jun, the supervisory censor, visited the Forbidden Garden with prostitutes, and was informed by the supervisor Shi Jie that when he was about to be impeached for "a crime without distinction", Tao Jun asked Shi Jie's friend Yan Shu to intercede for him, and the matter was overwhelmed. Go down.After Shizong learned of this, he not only punished the criminal Tao Jun and Shi Jie who had acted in favor of others, but also punished Yan Shu who was entrusted with the intermediary to convey love.

Anti-corruption style.There are two main types of corruption among officials in the Jin Dynasty, one is corruption and the other is bribery.Wan Yanyong attaches great importance to anti-corruption and punishing corruption, personally presided over the formulation of laws and regulations, and asked whether the laws and measures for punishing corruption have been implemented.At that time, the punishment for corrupt officials was indeed very severe, not only dealing with themselves, but also implicating their descendants and related personnel. Even if the royal relatives or Jurchen clan committed "stealing crimes", they would never condone and raise rape, and still insisted on impartial law enforcement, and also severely punished them.For example: Wan Yanyong's brother-in-law Ulin Dahui was dismissed for embezzling five hundred guan of official money; the prince's father-in-law Tu Shanzhen was punished for embezzling; An Mou Keliang horse, bought things from the common people to lower the price, embezzled [-] guan of public funds, was dismissed from his post, and was demoted to the defense envoy of Dezhou, and his assistants were dismissed without correction; "Falsely claiming food" was also demoted.

While severely punishing corrupt officials, Wanyanyong also severely punished bribery, as his handling of the Wanyan Shouneng case can illustrate this point.Shouneng was a member of the imperial family of the Jin Dynasty. He accepted bribes twice when he was recruiting envoys on the Northwest Road.Later generations praised him for "finally never using personal favors to cover up".

advocate thrift
Wan Yanyong also advocated frugality in his style.Since he came to the throne, the imperial utensils are often used.It is said that he also ate more frugally.Once when he was eating, his daughter came, but he had no extra food for her.Another time, Prince Zhan Shi Liu Zhonghui asked Wan Yanyong to increase the income and furnishings of the East Palace.He disagreed, and said: "The income of the East Palace has already been regulated, and the furnishings are also available. Why should it be increased? The prince was born in wealth, and it is easy to develop the habit of extravagance. You should guide him to advocate frugality." He opposed extravagance and waste.He issued several edicts to stop the food tribute from various places.

He heard that the palaces where he lived in various places were closed and no one was allowed to live in them. He thought it was too boring to do so, so he asked his ministers to issue an edict that these houses can still be lived in.He often educated the princes and princes, asking them to be frugal, and took the clothes he was wearing as an example: "This dress has not been changed for three years, and it is still in good condition. You should know." The monarchs of the Liao Dynasty enjoyed wealth but did not know that farming was difficult. They lost the world because of this reason." He also said: "The monarchs of the Liao Dynasty heard that the people were short of food, so they asked why they didn't eat bacon? This is because he did not have a teacher to teach him to be frugal since he was a child, and when he ascended the throne, he would not know the sufferings of the people."

(End of this chapter)