Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 222

Wanyan Yong's father, Wanyan Zongyao (originally named Zongfu), was the third son of Wanyan Aguda.Wanyan Zongyao was more intelligent. When Wanyan Aguda and his disciples led troops to go on an expedition, Wanyan Zongyao often made plans.He advocated using the Han system to deal with the Han people, which was somewhat different from the killing policy promoted by Wanyan Zonghan and others.

In the 13th year of Tianhui (1135), Wanyan Zongyao died, when Wanyan Yong was only 12 years old.His mother, Li Hongyuan, was born in a rich family in Bohai, Liaoyang, and was smart and capable.The young Jin Shizong was mainly raised by his mother.According to the custom of Jin, after the death of the husband, the wife should marry a member of the clan.Li Shi was unwilling to accept this backward custom, so he became a nun in Liaoyang.

Wan Yanyong was very tall and tall, with a calm and enlightened personality, and was good at riding and shooting.When he was young, every time he went hunting, many old people followed him to watch and praised his riding and shooting skills, "the Chinese people recommend him as the first".He is a generous man, and he often goes to war with his uncles, and the soldiers all respect him very much.During the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, Wan Yanyong was awarded Doctor Guanglu as a son of the clan, named King Ge, and was Minister of the Ministry of War.

In the later period of Jin Xizong's reign, Wanyan Quan often drank heavily and killed relatives and noble ministers. Only Wanyan Yong was better.When Wanyan Zongyao conquered the Song Dynasty, he obtained a white jade belt used by the emperor of the Song Dynasty as a family heirloom.Wan Yanyong cherished it very much.Wan Yanyong's wife, Wu Linda, said to him: "This jade belt should not be owned by the palace, it should be dedicated to the emperor."Wan Yanyong felt that her words made sense, so he dedicated the white jade belt to Wanyan Quan, which won the favor of Wanyan Quan's Empress Mourning Ping, and gained Xizong's trust.

At the beginning of Hailing Wang Wanyanliang's accession to the throne, Wanyanyong was sentenced to Huining (now south of Acheng County, Heilongjiang) as a pastor. Soon after, he was sentenced to a major business and changed to stay in Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), and later changed to Yanjing (now Beijing) stayed behind, Jinan Fu Yin, Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi) stayed behind and so on.Wanyan Yong was capable of writing and martial arts, and had high prestige among the Jurchen nobles. King Hailing was very worried about him and often transferred his official position.The Wulinpo family also persuaded Wanyan Yongduo to present rare treasures to King Hailing in order to dispel his suspicion and avoid being punished.According to his wife's words, Wanyanyong gave Wanyanliang such treasures as Liaogujian rhinoceros peeping horses and spit-fur jade tea utensils.Wanyan Liang thought that Wanyan Yong was afraid of him and was very respectful to him, so his doubts were relieved.

Later, Wan Yanyong was appointed as the left-behind in Tokyo, and Wan Yanliang asked Wu Linda's family to enter Beijing as a hostage. Knowing Wanyan Liang's lustful nature, Wu Linda's family had no choice but to go to Beijing. When he was 70 miles away from the central capital, he committed suicide. .Before his death, Wu Linda left a suicide note to Wan Yanyong, which is known in history as "Book of the Last Emperor".Affectionately begged her husband not to be sad because of her death, "being a son and daughter", but to "sit hard and taste courage", the officials "repair morality, eliminate discipline, recruit heroes, and please the people", wait for the opportunity to "seize the throne, and calm down in anger world."

Wan Yanyong endured the humiliation when his beloved wife died for him, cut off her love to hide his grief, and never showed any resentment towards Wan Yanliang.He also didn't go to the place where Wu Linda died to handle the funeral himself, he just wanted his servants to bury the matter hastily on the spot, and hid the deep hatred of taking his wife to death in his heart, causing Wanyan Liang to let Wanyan go Yong Yima, but still sent his confidant Gao Cunfu Ren Tokyo deputy to stay behind to monitor him.

In the sixth year of Zhenglong (1161), Wan Yanliang mobilized a large number of troops, material resources, and financial resources to attack the Song Dynasty in the south.The Khitan people did not want to be soldiers, so they killed the officials of the Jin Dynasty, seized 3000 deputy soldiers, and staged an uprising.Wan Yanliang's rule was even more unstable.

Wan Yanyong's uncle Li Shi persuaded him to accumulate strength and seize the supremacy of the Jin Dynasty, and they also actively built military armor.Gao Cunfu knew about this, and secretly sent someone to tell Wanyan Liang; at the same time, he also plotted to kill Wanyan Yong with the pusher Li Yanlong.Fortunately, Gao Cunfu's family informed Wan Yanyong.Wan Yanliang learned that he sent Mo Lianghu to kill the clan brothers.When Wan Yanyong heard this, he was very frightened, and Li Shi advised him to ascend the throne as soon as possible.

After some deliberation, it was decided to use the pretext of discussing the preparation of "thieves" to call Tokyo officials to a meeting at Qing'an Temple, where his mother became a monk.Gao Cunfu didn't dare to come, Wan Yanyong sent people to summon him many times before he came.Wan Yanyong arrested Gao Cunfu and Li Yanlong on the spot.On the third day of October, Nanzheng Wanhu Wanyan Fushou led 2 Jin troops from Shandong, and Wanyan Mouyan led more than [-] troops from Chang'an (now northeast of Shenyang, Liaoning). They all came to join Wanyan Yong.

On October 29th, various armies entered the city and jointly killed Gao Cunfu and others.The next day, all the military officers and relatives came to Wan Yanyong's mansion to ask for an audience.Just as Wan Yanyong came out, all the officers and subordinates shouted long live in the court.Wan Yanyong gave way, and the generals and officials repeatedly persuaded him to come in.Therefore, Wan Yanyong went to the Taimiao in person to offer sacrifices to his ancestors, and then came to the Xuanzheng Hall to ascend the throne of the emperor. It was Jin Shizong.After Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, he changed Yuan to Dading and issued an edict to abolish Wan Yanliang.Thus began his [-]-year reign.

At this time, Wanyan Liang, who was on the north bank of the Yangtze River, had learned that Wanyan Yong had proclaimed himself emperor with troops in Liaoyang. He originally wanted to stop the war against the Song Dynasty and lead his troops back north to encircle and suppress the Dading regime.However, Wanyan Liang mistakenly listened to the advice of Li Tong, a close confidant, that is, after crossing the Yangtze River, he went to Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, and then returned to attack Jin Shizong, which would lead to a complete victory. .In the end, Wan Yanliang completely miscalculated.Wan Yanliang led his troops to the north bank of the Yangtze River, choosing Caishi Town, a small riverside town on the border of Anhui Province, to launch an attack on Song Dynasty across the river. The result was a rapid failure with heavy casualties.

At this time, the Jin soldiers who were conquering the Song Dynasty in the south also learned that Wanyan Yong had established the Dading regime in Liaoyang, and raised a flag to rebel against the perverse actions of Hailing King Wan Yanliang. Therefore, the Jin soldiers on the front line felt that they had a way out to survive.All the soldiers began to plan to launch a mutiny by the Jin army on the front line, led by Yelu Yuanyi, the Khitan governor, and his son Yelu Wangxiang.Late at night on November 27, mutinous Jin soldiers swarmed into Wanyan Liang's Chinese army tent, Guishan Temple in Guazhoudu, and shot Hailing King Wanyan Liang to death with a barrage of arrows.The regime of King Hailing fell immediately.The Jin Dynasty army that conquered the Song Dynasty in the south also retreated from the battlefield like a tide and fled to the north. At this point, the war launched by Wanyan Liang to attack the Song Dynasty ended in total defeat.

On December [-]th, Jin Shizong led his troops all the way to the central capital of Yanjing, seized the central government of the Jin Kingdom, and started Jin Shizong Wanyanyong's generation of imperial career.It was no accident that Wanyan Yong was able to ascend the throne of the emperor smoothly.From his own point of view, since he became an official, he has "Jiu Dian (in charge) the outer counties, understands the reasons for disasters and chaos, and knows the gains and losses of officials", and has rich practical experience in ruling.Therefore, he is very prestigious no matter among the Jurchen nobles or the Bohai clan.From the perspective of Emperor Hailing, the supreme ruler of the Jin Dynasty at that time, because he commanded the Southern Expedition to the Song Dynasty, he was far away from the ruling center of the Jin Dynasty, which brought favorable conditions for Wanyan Yong's accession to the throne.More importantly, Hailing's war against the Song Dynasty was extremely unpopular, and the Jin Dynasty opposed this war from top to bottom.This provided conditions for Wan Yanyong's accession to the throne.

Although Wan Yanyong ascended the throne smoothly, the political situation of the Jin Dynasty after his ascension was troubled both internally and externally. Inside, there were Jin Dynasty nobles fighting for power and profit, and outside, there were uprisings of people of all ethnic groups.Therefore, the first task Wan Yanyong faced after he ascended the throne was how to stabilize the political situation.

Wanyanyong went against Wanyan Dan and Wanyan Liang's practice of indiscriminately killing the clan's aristocrats and opponents. As soon as he came to the throne, he expressed his support for the clan's aristocracy and adopted a tolerant and generous policy towards Hailing's senior officials.The edict was issued to list Wanyan Liang's dozens of crimes including killing the Empress Dowager, Jin Taizong, the descendants of Zong Han and Zong Bi, and destroying the capital. He was demoted to King Yang; then Wanyan Dan was given the title of King Donghun and his reputation was restored. , the posthumous title was Xizong, and he was buried in Siling; he also repaired the Huining Mansion Palace that was destroyed by Hailing, and restored the title of Shangjing.He also issued many edicts to restore the status of the families of ministers who had been innocently killed and reduced to slavery;

For the remains of those ministers, people were sent to various places to visit them. After they were obtained, they were collected and buried by the government. Those officials who were dismissed or demoted by Hailing for no reason were corrected and hired according to their talents.These measures played the role of appeasement and winning over the Jurchen clan nobles.For the talented people who originally opposed him.Wanyan Yong did not avoid the past grievances and still reused them.

At the time of Wanyan Liang, Zuo Cheng, the Shangshu, and Heshi Liezhining, the governor of the right leader, were very talented. Before Wanyanyong came to the throne, he and the general Bai Yanjing were preparing to attack Wanyanyong.After Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, he sent envoys to seek their surrender, but Heshi Lie Zhining not only refused to submit, but also killed nine envoys one after another.After Wan Yanyong conquered Heshi Lie Zhining by force, not only did he not blame him, but he also entrusted him with important tasks.

Wan Yanyong Zhang Xuansu, who was the transfer envoy of Dongdong Road at that time, was also very talented.He once sued Wan Yanyong in front of Wan Yanliang.After Wan Yanyong ascended the throne, Zhang Xuansu went to see him. Shizong "don't ask anything" about the past, but instead appointed him as the Minister of the Household Department.Zhang Hao, who was the prime minister at the time of Wan Yanliang and stayed behind in Nanjing, was a veteran of several dynasties in the Jin Dynasty.Wan Yanyong worshiped him as Grand Master, Shang Shu Ling, and granted him the title of Nanyang County King, allowing him to enter the court without worshiping him. He also set up a special seat for him on the east side of the hall, and respected him very much.Wanyanyong's policy of appointing people without any grievances made the Jurchen aristocrats and officials under Hailing come to defect one after another, and the supreme ruling group soon stabilized.

The great uprising of herdsmen of various ethnic groups, especially the uprising of herdsmen led by the Khitan Yila Wowo, seriously threatened the rule of the Jin Dynasty.Therefore, after he came to the throne, he immediately used both methods of appeasement and suppression to deal with the rebel army.He first sent Yila Zhaba to recruit the rebel army, but Zhaba joined the rebel army instead, seeing Wowo's power.At the end of the sixth year of Zhenglong (1611), Wowo proclaimed himself emperor.

Wanyanyong hurriedly sent troops to suppress it, but the troops he sent were defeated by the Wo'o rebel army.In the first month of the seventh year of Zhenglong (1612), Wanyanyong sent his right deputy marshal Wanyan Mouyan and other troops to suppress the rebellion, and promised favorable conditions to those who surrendered. He also engaged in rebellion activities during the uprising.This isolates one person.In the autumn of this year, Wowo was betrayed, arrested and killed in the capital, and the uprising failed.Part of the rebel army defected to the Southern Song Dynasty.Jin Shizong's suppression of the leader of the uprising was very cruel. He not only took the head of Wowo Xiao in the city, but also cut off his hands and feet and hung them in various capitals.Then he sent people to appease the Xi and Khitan tribes.In order to prevent the Khitan people from rebelling, Wan Yanyong organized the Khitan people who participated in the uprising into the various ministries of Jurchen Meng'an Mouk, so that they could be mixed and easy to rule.In this way, the territory of the Jin Dynasty temporarily achieved a relatively stable situation.

Wan Yanyong put his main energy on the rectification of internal affairs and the development of social economy.He made some additions and losses to the previous generation's system. The prime minister added Pingzhang and two political officials, which further strengthened the imperial rule.

In terms of ruling policy, Wan Yanyong implemented the policy of resting with the people.In the second year of Dading (1162), he repatriated all the infantry from the Central Plains who had participated in the Southern Expedition; If you return to farming in time, you will be pardoned for all crimes.In the third year of Dading, for the Jurchen households who moved to the Central Plains, all fathers, brothers and children were in the army, and one of them was also sent home to farm.In the sixth year of Dading, as soon as the war against the Song Dynasty ended, only [-] soldiers were left in the garrison, and the rest of the soldiers were also released.

Wan Yanyong also partially adjusted class relations.After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, in order to meet the needs of Jurchen slavery, the Liao Dynasty had its own financial households and the second-tax households of the monasteries were turned into slaves.In the second year of Dading (1162), Wan Yanyong not only exempted more than 1163 second-tax households with real credentials as good citizens, but also issued an edict to drive slaves and palace registered prison households who returned from the Yila Wowo uprising army. It is good to be free.In the third year of Dading (22), he ordered that for those who sold their wives in Zhongdu and other places due to war and famine, the government would collect and redeem them on their behalf.In the 1182nd year of Dading ([-]), the Jin Dynasty stipulated that all slaves who were restricted to release Liang were married to a good man within the limit, and the children born to them were good people.Similar to the official redemption of good people and partial emancipation of slaves, it played a positive role in alleviating class contradictions.Economically, Wan Yanyong actively resumed the development of agricultural production, reduced the burden on farmers, recruited exiles, and reclaimed land.In order to restore and develop the social economy, he practiced frugality, avoided luxury, was strict with himself, and controlled princes and ministers.

Once some kings asked the court to provide extra rewards, Wan Yanyong said to them: "You people are so greedy, don't you know that the property in the state treasury is the property of the people, and I just keep it on behalf of the people. How dare you spend yourself in vain?" It is precisely because Jin Shizong can understand the relationship between the ruler and the people more correctly, and does not use the funds of the treasury casually, so during his reign, the tax revenue is less than a tithe. ".In less than a few years, the national treasury was enriched, and the people were prosperous, "as a result of the 30-year peace of Dading".When Wan Yanyong came to the throne, the national population was only about 300 million households, and it increased to more than 20 million 670 years later.During the Dading period, the political situation was stable and the finances were sufficient, so Wanyanyong enjoyed the title of "Little Yao and Shun".

On the second day of the first lunar month in the 29th year of Dading (1189), Wanyanyong died of illness in Fu'an Hall of Zhongdu Palace at the age of 67.Many people cried uncontrollably and mourned everywhere.Since the prince Wanyan Yungong died young, Yungong's son Wanyan Jing came to the throne as Jin Zhangzong.

His posthumous title was Guangtian Xingyun Wende Wugong Sage Ming Renxiao Emperor, and his temple name was Sejong. He was buried in Xingling Mausoleum in Dafangshan.

(End of this chapter)