Summoning of the Great General of the Great Qin Empire

Chapter 234

In his early years, Tuhai was gifted with loyalty and honesty.The first position was a pen-and-stick style plus the title of Yuanwailang.

In April of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), he was transferred to serve as an attendant at the National History Museum, and in May, he concurrently served as a compiler of Ming history.In this year, at the same time as Tu Hai, five people were promoted as attendants of the National History Museum, and nine people were promoted as Ming History Compilers.

In February of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Tu Hai followed Emperor Shunzhi to Nanyuan with his history books on his back. Emperor Shunzhi saw that he behaved steadily and "wanted to reuse him", fearing that others would not accept him, he said to everyone: "This Zhongshu behaves abnormally. , and should be dealt with according to the law." Everyone pleaded for Tu Hai's innocence, and Emperor Shunzhi said: "Otherwise, let him be a chancellor immediately, so that his wish can be fulfilled." Therefore, he was immediately granted a bachelor's degree from the Academy of Internal Secretaries.

In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Tuhai was promoted to bachelor of Hongwen Academy, listed as minister of political affairs, and participated in aircraft maintenance.

In February of the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), due to his dedication to his duties, the crown prince was added to the Taibao.In May, he was also in charge of the Minister of Criminal Affairs.The next year, he passed the exam and was added to the minimum insurance, and Meng's son was sent to prison to study.It can be said that it was precisely because of Emperor Shunzhi's appreciation and promotion that Tu Hai quickly became a minister in the court.Later, Emperor Shunzhi also said: "Tuhai was originally white, and I made an exception and promoted him to the first rank."

During his management of the Criminal Ministry, Tuhai did not disappoint the expectations of Emperor Shunzhi, and made some beneficial reforms, which were affirmed by the people of the time.According to historical records, he and Yao Wenran made the same regulations, deleted the cool law of the Ming Dynasty, and allowed the removal of the long girdle and box bed of the death row prisoner, so as to prevent the jailer from being tortured.He also destroyed the torture instruments used by the Zhenfusi in the Ming Dynasty, such as Lu Gongsash, red embroidered shoes, etc., so that future generations will not follow suit.These practices made "the praises of virtue at that time".

But Tuhai's official career was not smooth sailing, and Emperor Shunzhi's favor for him was gradually decreasing.

In July of the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Tuhai was in charge of the Ministry of Punishment for just over a year, and was demoted three ranks by Emperor Shunzhi to worship Rabul Hafan and Prince Taibao.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), due to the case of cheating in the Jiangnan Township Examination, the Ministry of Punishment "sheltered him as late as many years" and "asked very lightly".In December, he was ordered to revise the "Law of the Qing Dynasty" with the academicians Bahana, Jin Zhijun, Wei Zhouzuo, and Li Wei.

In March of the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), Tuhai was hit hard again.The cause was that the guard Alana had a fight with the servants of Gong Erke Daiqing in the city. During the trial, the Criminal Department sentenced Alana to [-] lashes, which was redeemed, and the performance was accurate.But eighteen days later, Emperor Shunzhi ordered Tuhai to be strictly punished. Tuhai was dismissed and his family property was lost.This punishment was of course a fatal blow to Tu Hai. He lost his official position and almost lost his life.

It was Emperor Shunzhi who did not forget this matter.In October of the 18th year of Shunzhi, when he was dying, he left a last word: "The former capital ruled Tuhai. Dutong." It can be seen that Emperor Shunzhi reflected on this matter and admitted that Tu Hai was wronged, so he left a last word, and the new emperor will make it up for him in the future.It is precisely because of these words of Emperor Shunzhi that after Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, he immediately granted Tu Haizheng Huangqi the unified post of Manchuria.

In the 20 years since the Qing soldiers entered the pass, the Nanming regime, the Daxi and Dashun peasant armies, and the anti-Qing forces of all walks of life in various places have been suppressed.At that time, only the rest of the Dashun Peasant Army, led by Hao Yaoqi, Liu Tichun, and Li Laiheng, insisted on resisting the Qing Dynasty according to the Yuyang Jingxiang area at the junction of Huguang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces.In order to unify the country and stabilize the rule, the Qing Dynasty decided to eliminate this anti-Qing stronghold.

In September of the first year of Kangxi (1662), the three provinces were ordered to deploy [-] green battalion officers and soldiers, plus Xi'an to garrison the Eight Banners, to implement a joint suppression.Facing the enemy with more than [-] people, Hao Yaoqi and others organized the peasant army to fight back together.In late July of the following year, Dong Xueli, governor of Huguang, was severely damaged near Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei).Then, they joined forces with [-] people to attack Huguang and Sichuan Governor Li Guoying's troops stationed in Wushan County, Sichuan. The Qing army was at a disadvantage.In August, the Qing government decided to strengthen its strength, and appointed Tuhai as General Dingxi as the deputy of Jingxi General Murima.After Tuhai arrived at the front line, Li Guoying, Admiral Zheng Jiaolin, General Yu Fenqi, Yu Dahai and others implemented a company siege.Taking advantage of the fact that the Qing soldiers were not yet firmly established, the Peasant Army attacked Yu Fenqi's camp with more than [-] people. Tuhai got the report and personally led his troops to fight and defeated him.In the end, due to the great disparity between the number of people and the widows, the various units of the Peasant Army were besieged in Xingshan County, Huguang, and failed one after another.

At the end of December, the Qing army broke through the Chenjiapo camp of the peasant army, and Liu Tichun hanged himself.Three days later, Huangcaoping, another stronghold of the Peasant Army, was also captured, and Hao Yaoqi and others were captured and sacrificed.Only Li Laiheng held Maolu Mountain and resisted in danger. Although the Qing army numbered 20, they could not get close.Finally, due to the long-term siege imposed by Tuhai and others, their food routes and support were cut off, and the situation of the peasant army became more and more dangerous.In the third year of Kangxi's reign (1664), Li Laiheng was finally unable to bear the consequences. He ordered the stronghold to be burned down, closed the door and burned himself to death.In October, Tuhai, Murima and others ordered the massacre of more than [-] captured peasant troops, and then brought with them more than [-] captured people and more than [-] troops.

In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Tuhai was promoted to a bachelor of Hongwen Academy, and Jiashi was appointed as a first-class captain of light vehicles.In September, he acted as the chief officer for compiling "Records of Emperor Shizuzhang".

In December of the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), Nan Huairen, a Belgian, impeached Wu Mingxuan, the vice-supervisor of Qin Tianjian, for making an error in calculating the calendar. Tu Hai was ordered to go to the test with other ministers.Later, in July of the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), June of the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), and June of the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), he was ordered to try criminals with the Ministry of Criminal Justice several times. Emperor Kangxi praised him, and decades later, Emperor Kangxi also used Tuhai as an example to let officials of the Ministry of Punishments learn from him.

In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), it was changed to a bachelor of Zhonghedian and Minister of Rites.At this time, he was ranked third among the bachelors.In the tenth year of Kangxi (1671), he was promoted to second place.In July of the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), the crown prince was added.His reputation was revived and his power was prominent.With his talents in civil and military affairs, Tu Hai was able to serve effectively and achieved great results, so he won the trust of the young emperor Kangxi.

In March of the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), King Shang Kexi of Pingnan invited him back to Liaodong because of his old age.In July, Wu Sangui, king of Pingxi, also wrote a letter requesting withdrawal of the feudal domain, but in fact, he spied on the imperial court's intentions.During the court discussions, except for a few people such as Mo Luo, Mi Sihan, and Mingzhu who advocated the withdrawal of the feudal domain, most of them thought that the withdrawal of the feudal domain would lead to chaos, and opposed it, and Tu Hai also opposed it.Emperor Kangxi believed that at that time, the three vassals held military power, fearing that it would grow over time and become unforeseen, so he rejected the opinions of Tu Hai and others and ordered the withdrawal of the vassals. 15 This time, on the question of whether to withdraw the feudal clan, Tu Hai sided with the majority, and belonged to the conservative faction seeking stability.In December of that year, Wu Sangui launched a rebellion.

In March of the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), Geng Jingzhong rebelled against him.From then on, the war began, and Emperor Kangxi poured all his troops into the counter-insurgency war.In order to raise military pay, Emperor Kangxi ordered Tuhai to manage the affairs of the household department and supervise the transportation of military pay.Tu Hai had already asked to be dismissed from the cabinet due to illness, but now that he was needed to suppress the rebellion, he agreed without hesitation.In order to prevent the local government from increasing the burden on the people when collecting military salaries, he deliberately asked for an order that "one should not send military supplies privately, husbands should not be detained in advance, and money and food should not be collected in the slightest." With the permission of Emperor Kangxi, to a certain extent Avoid the occurrence of excessive taxation.

Just as the Qing court was fully preparing to suppress the rebellion, the Mongolian Chahar King Burni took the opportunity to raise troops to rebel, and the military situation was urgent.Emperor Kangxi was very worried because the capital banned all travel to the south, and his defense was empty; he was anxious to send ministers to counter the rebellion, so he asked the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.Xiaozhuang said: "Tuhai has outstanding talents and is qualified for this position." Emperor Kangxi ordered Tuhai to be the deputy general, and he led the army to conquer with Fuyuan General Duo Luoxin County King Eza.At this time, the capital had no more troops to use, so Tuhai invited the healthy and brave slaves of the Eight Banners to be selected, and tens of thousands were obtained, and they gathered outside Deshengmen that day.At dawn the next day, Tuhai packed up and went to the teaching field. After the review, he set off immediately and marched all the way, not allowed to sleep overnight. It took a few days to reach Chahar.

On April 22, the Qing army arrived at Dalu.Burni had already set up an ambush in the valley, waiting in formation, and sent 3000 men straight to fight.Ezha ordered Tuhai and Wu Dan to lead the light cavalry to fight, and ordered Hong Shilu to lead the left wing to search the mountain.When the Tumote soldiers were marching through the mountain stream, an ambush suddenly rushed out and the formation was in chaos.Tu Hai and others divided their forces to attack and were defeated.Burni then advanced with four hundred cavalry, and Tuhai led the troops to fight. He gave an order in front of the battle: "The property plundered before was from the homes of common people and could not be called treasures. Now after Chahar inherited the Yuan Dynasty, With hundreds of years of foundation, the treasures of jewelry and treasures are uncountable. If you can obtain them, you can guarantee lifelong wealth."

After hearing this, all the slaves moved forward enthusiastically. In the battle, they all fought hard to kill the enemy, and quickly defeated the enemy.Burni came out again, refusing each other with a line of firearms, and Tuhai also waited for the rebels. He hit the rebels hard one after another, and was defeated. His subordinates, Jinjin and his clan, surrendered before the battle. The Burni brothers only rode thirty He fled, and when he arrived at Guisut in Jalut, he was beheaded by Shajin, the Mongolian Horqin's consort, who came to suppress him.

At this point, Chahar was pacified, and the rear of the Qing Dynasty was stabilized.Tuhai also asked to be exempted from the grain tax of Xuanfu and other places he passed through, so as to pity the border gangsters.In the fifth month of the intercalary, the Qing army came back triumphantly. Emperor Kangxi led his ministers of culture and military affairs to Dahongmen in Nanyuan to welcome them in person, and performed the outskirts salute. He appointed his deputy general Tu Hai to sit with Yujio and asked him about the battle formation.When he returned to the palace to meet with His Majesty, Kangxi questioned Tuhai about the plundering of soldiers and showed him the impeachment memorial. How to make them work with death?"

Kangxi was very happy when he heard it, and said: "I also know that you must have done what you have done today." [1] In terms of rewards for meritorious deeds, Tu Hai was promoted to a first-class baron.This time, Tuhai made great contributions to the pacification of Chahar. He defeated the mighty Mongolian cavalry with temporarily assembled and untrained mobs. The principle of "soldiers are more important than discipline", but in the urgent situation at that time, it was also a last resort.Therefore, later generations have given understanding and affirmation to Tu Hai's approach.Tuhai demonstrated his military ability by winning a surprise victory the first time he led troops.

Just after Chahar was pacified, Wang Fuchen, the admiral of Shaanxi, rebelled against Pingliang City in response to Wu Sangui.Emperor Kangxi sent General Dingxi and Baylor Dong'e to lead troops to attack, but they did not go down for a long time.In February of the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), Emperor Kangxi appointed Tu Hai as the general of Fuyuan, and led his troops to Shaanxi.In March, Tuhai arrived in Pingliang.All the generals please take advantage of the momentum to attack the city. Tuhai said: "A benevolent and righteous army, surrender first and then attack. With the power of the emperor, I will attack these ferocious rebels. Don't worry about being unable to conquer them.

Considering that there are hundreds of thousands of living beings in the city, none of them is a child of the imperial court. Now that they have been plundered by rebels to such an extent, under the overthrow of the nest, there must be a lot of killings.Wouldn't it be more beautifying to wait for them to voluntarily surrender and return to their sincerity to embody the virtue of the Holy Lord? "When the soldiers and civilians in the city heard about it, they were all weeping. Many people left the city for themselves, so their hearts were shaken, and the situation of the rebels went from bad to worse. Before the war, Tu Hai used the technique of influencing people's hearts, and the effect was very obvious.

In order to lay down Pingliang, Tu Hai and Sun Sike, the chief military officer, inspected Hushan Pier.Hushan pier is located in the north of Pingliang City, tens of ren high, and is the road leading to the northwest.After looking at it, Tuhai said: "This place is the throat of Pingliang. If you get this salary, then the city can be defeated without attacking."Tu Hai immediately commanded the troops to fight back in different ways. From the beginning of the day to noon, the Vietnam War became more and more courageous. The rebels were killed and countless people died when they fell off the cliff.Then, Tuhai ordered to bombard Wang Fuchen's barracks in the city, and the soldiers and civilians were all terrified.

On the first day of June, Tuhaijun cut off the Pingliang Road according to Hushan Pier, and sent Zhou Chang, the counselor, to the city to appease Wang Fuchen.Zhou Chang is Zhou Peigong, all the students of Jingmen, who are good at using strange tricks.Because of his meritorious service in assisting Zhenwu General Wu Dan, he was hired as a seventh-rank official.When Tu Haijun arrived at Tongguan, Zhou Chang asked to see him and offered a strategy to appease Wang Fuchen, so Tu Hai accepted him as his staff.Huang Jiuchou, Wang Fuchen's commander-in-chief, and Gong Rongyu, the political envoy, were all Zhou Chang's fellow villagers. They persuaded Wang Fuchen to surrender many times and secretly reported to Zhou Chang with wax pills.Zhou Chang then reported the matter to Tuhai, and Tuhai decided to recruit Wang Fuchen.

At this time, Wang Fuchen had nothing to do, so he had to send his deputy Xie Tianen out of the city with Zhou Chang to beg for a surrender.Tuhai immediately played Kangxi, and Kangxi ordered an amnesty to comfort him.On the sixth day of the lunar month, Tu Haifu ordered Zhou Chang to enter the city to proclaim the imperial edict.The next day, Wang Fuchen sent the political envoy Gong Rongyu and others to lead the soldiers and the people to the Qing army camp to present the military and civilian records.He also sent his son Wang Jizhen and Cai Yuan, the commander-in-chief, to hand over the edict and seal issued by Wu Sangui.Seeing that Wang Fuchen did not surrender in person, Tuhai knew that Wang Fuchen was still suspicious, so on the thirteenth, he sent Zhou Chang and his forward guard, Baoding Tuhai's nephew, to enter the city again to enlighten him gently.

On the [-]th, Wang Fuchen finally made up his mind and went to the Tuhai camp in person, kowtowed to thank him, shaved his hair and surrendered.Tu Hai then ordered the battalions to reorganize their teams, and only ordered the deputy capital commander Wu Dan to lead a few cavalry into the city to appease him, but Qiu did not commit any crimes.Pingliang City has been besieged for a long time, and the people have been devastated by the war, and more than half of them died.Tuhai ordered local officials to help the poor, bury the bones, and settle down in exile.So, far and near, the rebels came back one after another after hearing the news.After the war, Tuhai reported meritorious service cards to the Ministry of War in the army, and burned all the merit cards, so he won the hearts of the army.

The recovery of Pingliang City has promoted the improvement of the situation in the Northwest.In the sixth month of the body, Tuhai sent Zhenwu General Fonile, Admiral Zhang Yong, Wang Jinbao and others to pursue Wu Zhimao who fled from Qinzhou, defeated him in Peony Garden, and defeated him again in Beishan, Xihe County. Yu Qi fled. 31 Tuhai sent his general Mu Zhan to attack Lemen, defeated the fled Wangping clan at Hongya, and recovered Li County.On the rebel side, Chen Peng, the governor of Guyuan, Zhou Yangming, the general of Qingyang, Wang Haowen of Jiayuguan, and Kong Yinxiong, the deputy general of Guanshan, led more than [-] civil and military officials and more than [-] soldiers, and surrendered one after another.The Guanlong area was then pacified.The victory in the Northwest battlefield turned the country's situation into a safe place.Tu Hai's proper handling won the praise of Emperor Kangxi.

At that time, Hanzhong and Xing'an were still in the hands of the rebels, while Pingliang and Qingyang were initially settled, and people's hearts were not stable. Therefore, Tu Haizuo asked to divide his troops to defend the pass, and send another army to join forces with other divisions to suppress the rebels in Huguang.

In March and April of the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), Tuhai recruited the rebels in Hancheng, defeated the rebels in Wupanshan, Qiaojiashan, Tangfang Temple, Banana Garden and other places, and recovered Tashburg.

In March of the 17th year of Kangxi (1678), Wu Sangui proclaimed himself emperor in Hengyang after repeated setbacks, and died in the autumn of that year. His last dying struggle failed to reverse the situation.However, the Qing soldiers seized the opportunity to launch a large-scale counterattack in Hunan, and the rebels never recovered.

Zhenwu general Fonile and deputy capital commander Wu Dan defeated the rebels in Niutoushan and Xiangquan. Sichuan governor Zhou Youde and deputy Du Tongjue Hetuo defeated the rebels in Qinling and restored the five villages of Tongguan Fort.

In February of the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), Emperor Kangxi ordered Tuhai to quickly destroy the enemies who invaded Baoji and restore Hanzhong, Xing'an and other places.In September, Tuhai divided his troops into four groups, aggressively attacking Hanzhong and Xing'an.Tu Hai personally led General Fonile and others to set off from Xing'an, with Cheng Fuliang, the commander-in-chief, as backup, and stationed at Jiuxianguan; General Wang Jinbao and others marched from the plank road, Yansui General Soldier Gao Meng served as backup and stationed in Baoji; Admiral Zhao Liangdong marched from Batu Mountain in Huizhou.In October, Tu Haijun went to Zhen'an County and attacked in two ways. When they arrived at Huoshen Temple, Wang Yulong, the general of the rebel army, refused to fight. .

In the same month, Wang Jinbao recovered Hanzhong, Zhao Liangdong recovered Huixian and Lueyang, and Bi Liketu recovered Chengxian and Jiezhou.In November, Tu Haijun recaptured Fuxing, Pingli, Ziyang, Shiquan, Xunyang, Baihe and Zhushan, Zhuxi, Shangjin and other counties in Huguang.So far, the entire province of Shaanxi has basically returned to the control of the Qing court.The good news was reported to the imperial court one after another, and the decree was awarded, and the lower part discussed it.Soon, Tuhai was ordered to lead half of the army to station in Fengxiang to defend the whole province of Shaanxi.The other half was led by Wu Dan and others to supervise the transportation of food and pay.In December, Tu Haishu was approved to send [-] soldiers out of the existing half-army, and ordered the deputy capital commander Ekejiha and other commanders to station in Hanzhong, an important place.

The recovery of Hanzhong and Xing'an created favorable conditions for the Qing government to recover Sichuan.In the first month of the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), Emperor Kangxi ordered the ministers of state affairs and others to say: "To enter Sichuan, the most important strategy is to use the Manchurian soldiers as the rear." So he ordered Tuhai to go to Hanzhong to provide food and salaries for the troops entering Shu.In September, in order to eliminate Tan Hong who had surrendered and rebelled, the Qing government ordered Governor Ha Zhan to attack from Baoning. Tuhai was ordered to dispatch the Manchu and Han soldiers in the army to support him and divide the enemy's power.In the same month, based on his revelations, Tuhai uncovered Yang Qilong, the key criminal in the "Third Prince Zhu Case" who had been wanted by the Qing court for eight years in Sanhekou, Hanzhong.

In the first month of the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), Tuhai learned that the rebels were aggressively invading various places in Shuzhou, Sichuan.Tuhai, who has been fighting abroad for many years, has become sick from overwork.Emperor Kangxi paid great attention to him. In July, he ordered the Ministry of War to say: "General Tuhai is old and sick. Today, Sichuan and Yunnan are gradually calmed down. You can return the imperial seal of the general to the capital." In October, Tuhai returned to the court, and Kangxi The emperor summoned him to Qianqingmen, Jia Laozhi.On the tenth day of the twelfth lunar month, Tuhai begged for rest because of his illness, and Emperor Kangxi stayed with him.On December 3000, Tuhai died of illness.Emperor Kangxi ordered the ministers and guards to sacrifice tea and wine, and gave [-] taels of silver and python satin pommel horses.

In February of the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), he was buried and sacrificed twice, posthumously named Wenxiang.In June, he attacked the third-class Duke with his son Nuo Min.In November, the "Records of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty" was completed. Tu Hai, who had been the supervisor and chief executive officer, specially presented Shaobao still and the prince and Taifu as posthumous gifts.

In May of the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), a special imperial inscription was made, praising Tu Hai's achievements in his life.

In September of the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Tuhai's wife died, and the special officer went to drink tea and wine.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Tu Hai was posthumously presented as a first-class Zhongda Duke, and he was entitled to enjoy the Taimiao.

(End of this chapter)